Sodium Cyanide (NaCN): Kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv ntau yam

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yog ib hom tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws ntau yam lag luam. Nws qhov tseem ceeb yog nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas ua rau nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem xws li kev tsim cov organic, kev ua kom cov hlau zoo, thiab lwm yam.

I. Cov ntawv thov ntawm NaCN

A. Organic Synthesis

NaCN siv dav hauv kev tsim cov organic. Nws ua haujlwm ua tus reagent tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov Carbon -carbon bonds, tso cai rau cov kws tshuaj lom neeg los tsim cov organic molecules nyuaj. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov tshuaj, cov tshuaj zoo, thiab ntau lwm yam organic compounds. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj, NaCN siv los qhia cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, uas tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj ua haujlwm tau zoo.

B. Kub thiab nyiaj Refining

Hauv kev lag luam mining, NaCN ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev rho tawm thiab ua kom kub thiab nyiaj zoo. Cov txheej txheem, hu ua cyanidation, cuam tshuam nrog kev yaj kub thiab nyiaj los ntawm lawv cov ores hauv cov tshuaj ntawm Sodium Cyanide . Txoj kev no ua haujlwm tau zoo heev thiab tau siv dav hauv kev ua haujlwm mining loj thoob ntiaj teb. Nws tso cai rau kev sib cais cov hlau muaj nqis los ntawm lwm cov zaub mov uas muaj nyob hauv cov ore, ua rau muaj kub thiab nyiaj huv si.

C. Electroplating

NaCN kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem electroplating. Nws pab nyob rau hauv deposition ntawm nyias txheej ntawm hlau mus rau ib tug substrate. Hauv electroplating, cov cyanide ions hauv NaCN complex nrog cov hlau ions, ua kom yooj yim rau lawv cov khoom tso rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom raug plated. Qhov no ua rau cov txheej txheem du thiab ua raws cov hlau, uas yog siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab txhim kho cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov khoom plated.

D. Lwm yam kev siv

Ntxiv rau qhov saum toj no, NaCN yog siv rau hauv kev kho cua sov hlau los hloov kho qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov dyes, tshuaj tua kab, ua ib qho kev xaiv inhibitor hauv cov hlau tsis muaj hlau ore flotation, hauv kev sib txuas ntawm methyl methacrylate resin, thiab hauv kev tsim cov poov tshuaj ferrocyanide (daj prussiate ntawm potash).

II. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau NaCN Production

A. Hydrocyanic Acid

Ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv raw tseem ceeb rau kev tsim NaCN yog hydrocyanic acid (HCN). Tam sim no, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm hydrocyanic acid tau txais los ua cov khoom seem los ntawm kev tsim cov acrylonitrile (CH₂=CHCN). Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim acrylonitrile, qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom seem hydrocyanic acid yog kwv yees li 10% ntawm cov khoom acrylonitrile. Cov khoom seem no tom qab ntawd raug ua tiav ntxiv los tsim NaCN.

B. Alternative Sources

Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tej yam kev mob zoo, hydrocyanic acid kuj tau synthesized los ntawm natural gas thiab ammonia. Lwm txoj kev no muab ib qho ntxiv ntawm hydrocyanic acid rau NaCN ntau lawm. Lub synthesis ntawm hydrocyanic acid los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas xav tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb thiab cov catalysts.

Xaus lus, sodium cyanide yog ib yam tshuaj uas siv tau ntau yam hauv ntau yam lag luam. Kev tsim NaCN yog txuam nrog kev muaj cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hydrocyanic acid, uas tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cov khoom siv acrylonitrile lossis tsim los ntawm cov roj av thiab ammonia. Thaum cov lag luam txuas ntxiv hloov zuj zus, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm NaCN hauv kev ua kom muaj ntau yam txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg yuav nyob mus ib txhis.