Lub Tshuab Tshiab rau Kub Extraction: Siab Oxidation - Cyanidation txheej txheem

1. Introduction

Kub yeej ib txwm muaj nqis heev hauv ntau qhov chaw, txij li kev ua hniav nyiaj hniav kub mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev nyiaj txiag. Kev rho tawm kub ntawm nws cov ores kom zoo thiab pheej yig yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam khawb kub. Cov txheej txheem Cyanidation ib txwm muaj , uas siv cyanide ua tus neeg sawv cev leaching los yaj kub ntawm cov ore, tau siv dav vim nws qhov leaching siab thiab kev xaiv zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj muaj kev txwv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cuam tshuam nrog Refractory kub ores . Refractory kub ores yog cov uas kub feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov zaub mov sulfide, thiab cov txheej txheem cyanidation ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem rho tawm kub ntawm lawv tau zoo. Qhov no tau ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, ntawm cov uas cov txheej txheem oxidation siab - cyanidation sawv tawm.

2. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub siab Oxidation - Cyanidation txheej txheem

2.1 Siab Oxidation

Thawj kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab no yog siab oxidation. Nyob rau hauv refractory kub ores, kub feem ntau yog encapsulated nyob rau hauv sulfide minerals xws li pyrite thiab arsenopyrite. Raws li ib txwm muaj, cyanide tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov kub zoo. Kev kub siab oxidation yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib qho autoclave ntawm qhov kub siab (feem ntau yog 120 - 220 ° C) thiab kev kub siab (ntau qhov cua). Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, sulfide minerals yog oxidized. Cov txheej txheem oxidation no rhuav tshem cov zaub mov sulfide, tso cov kub encapsulated thiab ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov kauj ruam tom ntej cyanidation.

2.2 Cyanidation

Tom qab oxidation siab, cov ore slurry yog raug rau cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Cyanide ions react nrog kub nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen. Cov kub ua ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cyanide ions, uas tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm cov khoom seem ore los ntawm txoj kev xws li cov khoom sib cais - kua.

3. Txheej txheem khiav

3.1 Ore Npaj

Thawj theem yog npaj cov ore. Cov pob zeb kub refractory yog thawj zaug crushed thiab hauv av rau ib qho loj me me. Qhov no ua rau thaj tsam saum npoo ntawm cov ore, uas yog qhov zoo rau ob qho tib si lub siab oxidation thiab cyanidation txheej txheem. Lub hom phiaj yog kom ua tiav qhov loj me uas tso cai rau cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum tseem tswj tau hauv cov kauj ruam tom ntej.

3.2 Siab Oxidation Theem

Tom qab ntawd cov ore hauv av finely yog pub rau hauv autoclave. Cov pa oxygen nkag mus rau hauv lub autoclave, thiab qhov kub thiab txias tau hloov mus rau qhov tsim nyog. Lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub autoclave nws txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm ntawm cov ore tab sis feem ntau yog ob peb teev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, sulfide minerals nyob rau hauv lub ore yog oxidized. Tom qab lub siab oxidation txheej txheem tiav, cov slurry yog tawm ntawm lub autoclave.

3.3 Cyanidation theem

Cov kua nplaum uas tau oxidized lawm raug txias thiab tom qab ntawd muab xa mus rau lub tank cyanidation. Ib qho kua cyanide, feem ntau yog Sodium Cyanide , raug ntxiv rau hauv lub tank. Cov kua nplaum raug co kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib cuag zoo ntawm cov kua cyanide thiab cov khoom me me ntawm cov hlau. Cov kub hauv cov hlau cuam tshuam nrog cov ions cyanide los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Cov txheej txheem cyanidation feem ntau siv sijhawm ob peb teev kom ncav cuag tus nqi rho tawm kub siab.

3.4 Kub Rov qab

Tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem cyanidation, kauj ruam tom ntej yog rov qab tau kub los ntawm cov kua cyanide. Ib txoj kev siv ntau yog Carbon - hauv - pulp (CIP) lossis carbon - hauv - leach (CIL) txheej txheem. Cov pa roj carbon activated raug ntxiv rau hauv cov kua cyanide, thiab cov kub - cyanide complex raug adsorbed rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Activated Carbon . Cov pa roj carbon nrog cov kub adsorbed ces raug cais tawm ntawm cov kua. Lwm txoj kev yog zinc precipitation, qhov twg zinc hmoov raug ntxiv rau hauv cov kua cyanide. Zinc hloov kub ntawm cov complex, tsim cov kub hlau, uas tuaj yeem lim thiab ua kom zoo dua.

3.5 Kev Kho Mob Tailings

Qhov seem slurry tom qab kub rov qab yog cov tailings. Txij li thaum cov tailings tseem yuav muaj qee yam cyanide thiab lwm yam khoom tsis zoo, kev kho kom raug yog tsim nyog. Cov tailings feem ntau raug rau cov txheej txheem detoxification kom zom cov cyanide seem. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm txoj kev xws li tshuaj oxidation lossis kev kho mob lom. Tom qab detoxification, tailings tuaj yeem muab pov tseg kom nyab xeeb.

4. Qhov zoo ntawm Kev Ruaj Ntseg Oxidation - Cyanidation txheej txheem

4.1 Siab kub rov qab tus nqi

Rau refractory kub ores, lub siab oxidation - cyanidation txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tiav cov nyiaj rov qab kub ntau dua piv rau cov tsoos cyanidation. Qee qhov xwm txheej, tus nqi rov qab kub tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 90%, thaum ib txwm cyanidation tsuas yog ua tiav 30 - 60% rau tib lub refractory ores. Qhov no yog vim lub siab oxidation kauj ruam zoo liberates kub los ntawm sulfide minerals, cia cyanide react nrog nws ntau npaum.

4.2 Adaptability rau txawv Ores

Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tswj tau ntau yam ntawm cov pob zeb kub refractory, txawm tias lawv muaj cov tshuaj sulfide siab lossis lwm yam khoom siv. Nws muab kev yooj yim hauv kev xaiv ore rau cov tuam txhab mining, vim lawv tsis txwv rau tsuas yog ua tau yooj yim - kho tau ore.

4.3 Tus Nqi - Ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntev

Txawm hais tias thawj zaug peev hauv kev tsim lub siab oxidation - cov nroj tsuag cyanidation yog qhov siab vim qhov xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb xws li autoclaves, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws tuaj yeem raug nqi - zoo. Qhov kub rov qab siab txhais tau hais tias kub ntau tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm tib tus nqi ntawm cov ore, nce cov nyiaj tau los. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem ruaj khov txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom poob vim tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev rho tawm.

5. Kev sib tw thiab kev daws teeb meem

5.1 Kev nqis peev loj

Kev tsim kho ntawm lub siab oxidation - cyanidation cog yuav tsum muaj peev txheej loj. Cov autoclaves, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub siab oxidation txheej txheem, yog kim heev los yuav thiab nruab. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, cov tuam txhab mining tuaj yeem xav txog kev sib koom ua lag luam lossis kev xaiv nyiaj mus sij hawm ntev. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua tau zoo ua ntej kev nqis peev los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ntawm qhov project.

5.2 Kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb

Cyanide yog ib yam tshuaj lom neeg heev, thiab txhua qhov kev xau lossis kev pov tseg tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau hauv lub siab oxidation - cyanidation txheej txheem, nruj kev ruaj ntseg ntsuas yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv cov khoom siv pov thawj, kaw lub voj voog rau cyanide tov kev ncig, thiab kev saib xyuas cov qib cyanide hauv ib puag ncig. Rau kev kho cov tailings, cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj tua kab mob siab heev yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm los xyuas kom meej tias cov tailings tawm tsis ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau ib puag ncig.

5.3 Technical Complexity

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab oxidation - txheej txheem cyanidation yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm autoclave, tswj qhov kub thiab txias, thiab ua kom muaj kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj reagents hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Cov tuam txhab mining tuaj yeem nqis peev hauv kev cob qhia rau lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm lossis ntiav cov kws tshaj lij. Lawv tseem tuaj yeem tsim kev koom tes nrog cov koom haum tshawb fawb kom ua raws li cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem.

6. xaus

Lub siab oxidation - cov txheej txheem cyanidation yog ib qho kev nce qib tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev rho tawm kub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau refractory kub ores. Nws muaj cov nyiaj rov qab kub siab, hloov tau mus rau cov khoom sib txawv, thiab cov nqi mus sij hawm ntev - kev ua tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li txhua yam thev naus laus zis, nws tseem ntsib cov teeb meem xws li kev nqis peev siab, kev txhawj xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev nyuaj. Los ntawm kev daws cov teeb meem no los ntawm kev npaj kom raug, kev nqis peev hauv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev cob qhia, thiab kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv, cov txheej txheem oxidation siab - cyanidation tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam kub mining.