Zotsatira za Sodium Cyanide Leaching mu Malo Otentha Otentha Ozizira

Introduction

Cyanide leaching, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yamigodi pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva kuchokera ku ores, yakhala ikufufuzidwa mosalekeza komanso kukhathamiritsa. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito a Sodium Cyanide njira yothetsera zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, kupanga zovuta cyanide mankhwala. Komabe, mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya njirayi ingakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe kutentha kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene malo otsika kwambiri amatha kutentha, ndondomeko ya cyanide leaching imakumana ndi zovuta zapadera zomwe zingakhudze njira yonse yochotsera, chuma, ndi zotsatira za chilengedwe. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe kutentha kumakhudzira Sodium Cyanide Leaching, kuyang'ana njira zopangira mankhwala ndi thupi, ndikukambirana njira zothetsera mavuto omwe amabwera nawo.

Chemical Reaction Kinetics pa Kutentha Kwambiri

Zomwe zimachitika pamakina mu cyanide leaching process zimadalira kutentha. Zomwe zimachitika pakati sodium cyanide, mpweya, ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zitsulo zosungunuka ndi cyanide, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotentha kwambiri. Pamene kutentha kumachepa, mlingo umene mankhwalawo amachitira umachepa kwambiri. Pankhani ya cyanide leaching, kutentha kochepa kumatanthauza kuti zomwe zimachitika pakati pa ma cyanide ions ndi maatomu achitsulo amtengo wapatali pamtunda wa ore zimachitika pang'onopang'ono. Izi pang'onopang'ono anachita mlingo mwachindunji kumabweretsa yaitali chofunika leaching nthawi kukwaniritsa mlingo womwewo wa zitsulo m'zigawo monga apamwamba-kutentha. Nthawi zina, ngati kutentha kwatsika kwambiri, zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti ntchito ya leaching iwonongeke kwambiri.

Kusungunuka kwa Cyanide ndi Metal Complexes

Kutentha kumakhudzanso kusungunuka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi cyanide leaching process. Kusungunuka kwa sodium cyanide kumasintha ndi kutentha, ndipo nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumatsika, kusungunuka kwa zolimba zambiri m'madzi kumachepa. Za Sodium cyanide, kutsika kwakukulu kwa kutentha kungayambitse ayoni a cyanide mu njira yothetsera madzi kuti ayambe kutuluka ngati chigawocho chikuposa chomwe chingasungunuke pa kutentha kochepa. Mvula iyi sikuti imangochepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide yomwe imapezeka kuti ipangike komanso imatha kutseka mapaipi ndi zida.

Komanso, kusungunuka kwazitsulo zachitsulo-cyanide zomwe zimapangidwira panthawi ya leaching ndizosamva kutentha. Kukatentha kwambiri, zinthuzi zimatha kusungunuka mosavuta. Ngati ziwomba, zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zimachotsedwa muzitsulo, kulepheretsa kukonzanso ndi kuchira. Kugwa kwazitsulo zazitsulo za cyanide kungathenso kupanga ma depositi olimba pamwamba pa ore, kutsekereza ayoni a cyanide kuti asafike ku tinthu tating'ono ta zitsulo tamtengo wapatali ndikulepheretsanso kutulutsa.

Viscosity ndi Diffusion mu Low-Temperature Solutions

Kukhuthala kwa njira ya cyanide kumawonjezeka pa kutentha kochepa. Viscosity imayesa kukana kwamadzimadzi kuti asayende. Pamene kutentha kumatsika, mamolekyu omwe ali mu njira yothetsera vutoli amayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo amalumikizana mwamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti yankho likhale lolimba. Mu njira ya cyanide yowoneka bwino kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti ayoni a cyanide ndi mamolekyu a okosijeni, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti azitha kutulutsa, adutse munjirayo kuti afikire tinthu tating'ono ta ore.

Malinga ndi mfundo za kufalikira, mlingo womwe ma reactants awa amafalikira kudzera munjirayo umagwirizana mosagwirizana ndi kukhuthala kwa yankho. Chifukwa chake, mu njira yokhuthala, yotsika kutentha ya cyanide, zotulutsa zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zifike pamtunda, ndikuchepetsanso kuchuluka kwa leaching. Izi zimawonekera makamaka mu ntchito za milu ya leaching, pomwe yankho liyenera kudutsa mulu waukulu wa miyala. Kuchuluka kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe kungachititse kuti yankho liyende mosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madera ena asamayende bwino ndikusiya zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zosatulutsidwa.

Impact pa Zida ndi Zomangamanga

Malo otentha otsika amakhalanso ndi zovuta pazida ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa cyanide. Mapaipi, mapampu, ndi akasinja osungira zinthu zonse zili pachiwopsezo cha kuzizira. Kuwonjezeka kwa viscosity ya yankho la cyanide kumapangitsa kuti pampu ikhale yovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito molimbika kuti apitirize kuyenda. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kung'ambika pazigawo za pampu, zomwe zingafupikitse moyo wawo.

Kuonjezera apo, chiopsezo cha kuzizira kwa mapaipi ndi akasinja osungira ndizovuta kwambiri. Madzi a cyanide akaundana, amatha kuphulika mapaipi ndikupangitsa kuti zida zisagwire ntchito. Ngakhale sichimaundana kwathunthu, mapangidwe a ayezi amathabe kusokoneza kuyenda ndikuyambitsa kutsekeka. Pofuna kupewa izi, ntchito zamigodi nthawi zambiri zimayenera kuyika ndalama zowonjezera zotenthetsera ndi kusungunula zida zawo ndi mapaipi m'madera ozizira. Komabe, njirazi zimawonjezera ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito za migodi.

Kuganizira Zachilengedwe mu Kutsika kwa Kutentha kwa Cyanide Leaching

Zovuta za chilengedwe zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi cyanide leaching zimakhala zovuta kwambiri m'madera otentha kwambiri. Chiwopsezo cha kutayika kwa cyanide ndi kutayikira nthawi zonse kumakhalapo pantchito zamigodi, ndipo m'malo ozizira, zotsatira zake zimakhala zowopsa. Ngati mankhwala a cyanide atayikira m'malo otentha kwambiri, kutentha kutsika kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kwa cyanide m'chilengedwe. Cyanide ndi poizoni ku mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo, ndipo kulimbikira kwake chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa kungayambitse chiwopsezo chachikulu ku zamoyo za m'madzi, zamoyo zam'nthaka, komanso thanzi la anthu lomwe lingakhalepo ngati malo oipitsidwawo ali pafupi ndi magwero a madzi kapena madera okhala anthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezereka kwa viscosity ndi mvula yomwe ingakhalepo ya cyanide ndi zitsulo zovuta m'malo otentha kwambiri zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusamalira bwino ndi kutaya zinyalala. Njira zoyendetsera zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zikhale ndi cyanide zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwanthawi zonse sizingagwire ntchito bwino nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo choipitsidwa ndi chilengedwe ngati sichisinthidwa bwino.

Njira Zochepetsera Kutentha Kwambiri

Kutentha kwa Cyanide Solution

Njira imodzi yothanirana ndi zotsatira zoyipa za kutentha kochepa ndikutenthetsa yankho la cyanide. Mwa kukweza kutentha, liwiro la reaction likhoza kukonzedwa, kusungunuka kwa cyanide ndi zitsulo kumatha kusungidwa, ndipo kukhuthala kungachepe. Ma heater oyaka omwe ali m'madzi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi ina chifukwa cha mphamvu yawo yayikulu ya kutentha. Komabe, njira iyi ikhoza kubweretsa mavuto ena, monga kusungunula kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Carbon mpweya woipa mu yankho la alkaline cyanide, lomwe lingayambitse kuipitsidwa kwa mapaipi. Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito zosinthira kutentha, zomwe zimatha kutentha bwino yankho popanda kuyambitsa zotsatira zoyipa zambiri za mankhwala ndipo zagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'malo ambiri opangira migodi.

Kusintha Chemical Reagents ndi Mikhalidwe

Kukonza ma reagents ndi zinthu kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kutentha kwapansi. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha pH ya yankho la cyanide kumatha kusokoneza kusungunuka ndi kuyambiranso kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi njira yoperekera leaching. Nthawi zina, kusintha pang'ono pH kukhala malo oyenera kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwazitsulo zachitsulo-cyanide ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a leaching. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zina zowonjezera kapena zothandizira zitha kufufuzidwa. Zinthu zina zimatha kutsitsa mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira pakuchita leaching, motero zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kachitidweko kachitike chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa. Komabe, kusankha kowonjezera kotereku kumafuna kuunika mosamala kuti kuwonetsetse kuti sikuyambitsa mavuto atsopano a chilengedwe kapena magwiridwe antchito.

Zida Zoteteza ndi Kuteteza

Kuti muthane ndi zovuta pazida ndi zomangamanga m'malo otentha kwambiri, njira zodzitchinjiriza ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira. Mapaipi ndi akasinja osungira amatha kutsekedwa ndi zinthu monga fiberglass kapena thovu kuti achepetse kutentha komanso kupewa kuzizira. Matepi otenthetsera kapena njira zowotchera zitha kuyikidwanso pa mapaipi kuti madzi a cyanide azitha kutentha. Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndi kuyang'anitsitsa zida ndizofunikira kuti muwone zizindikiro zilizonse zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka chifukwa cha kuzizira panthawi yake. Izi zingathandize kupewa kulephera kwa zida zazikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira yolumikizira cyanide ikugwira ntchito bwino.

Kutsiliza

Zotsatira za nyengo yozizira yotsika kutentha pa sodium cyanide leaching m'makampani amigodi ndizovuta komanso zovuta. Kuchokera kuchedwetsa kachitidwe ka mankhwala ndi kukhudza kusungunuka ndi kufalikira mpaka kubweretsa zovuta pazida ndi zomangamanga ndikuwonjezera kuopsa kwa chilengedwe, kutentha kochepa kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri magwiridwe antchito komanso magwiridwe antchito a leaching. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera monga kutenthetsa njira, kusintha zinthu za mankhwala, ndi kuteteza zipangizo, ntchito zamigodi zingathe kuchepetsa zovutazi ndikupitiriza cyanide leaching m'madera ozizira. Popeza kufunikira kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kumakhalabe kwakukulu ndipo ntchito zamigodi zikukulirakulira kumadera osiyanasiyana, kufufuza kwina ndi chitukuko chokonzekera cyanide leaching pazikhalidwe zotsika kutentha zidzakhala zofunikira kuti ntchito za migodi zitheke komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.