Kukhathamiritsa kwa Sodium Cyanide Leaching mu Gold-Copper Ores

Introduction

Kutulutsa golide ndi mkuwa kuchokera ku golide-mkuwa ndi njira yovuta. Cyanidation, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium Cyanide, kwa nthawi yaitali yakhala njira yaikulu yopezera golidi. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa mkuwa m'matanthwewa kumabweretsa zovuta zazikulu pakupanga cyanidation, zomwe zimakhudza kuchira kwa golide komanso cyanide kumwa. Cholemba ichi chabulogu chikuwunikira kukhathamiritsa kwa sodium Cyanide Leaching mu miyala ya golide-mkuwa, kufufuza mfundo zofunika, zovuta, ndi njira zatsopano zothetsera.

Mfundo za Cyanide Leaching

Cyanide leaching imadalira luso lapadera la ma cyanide ions kuti apange malo okhazikika okhala ndi golide ndi siliva. Sodium cyanide, yomwe imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi komanso yosasunthika, imakhala ngati mankhwala oyambira. Akasungunuka m'madzi, amatulutsa ayoni a cyanide. Ma ions awa amachita ndi golide pamaso pa okosijeni kudzera munjira ya electrochemical. Golide amapangidwa koyamba ndi okosijeni ndiyeno amamangidwa ndi ayoni a cyanide kuti apange chosungunuka chosungunuka, kulola kuti achotsedwe ku miyala.

Zovuta Zopangidwa ndi Copper mu Gold-Copper Ores

Kuchulukitsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Cyanide

Mkuwa mu miyala ya golide-mkuwa umakhudzidwa ndi cyanide kuti apange mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamkuwa-cyanide. Pa 1% iliyonse yamkuwa yokhazikika, pafupifupi 30 kg / t ya NaCN imatha kudyedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kumeneku sikungowonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito za cyanidation komanso kumafuna kuyang'anira mosamala kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka cyanide.

Kuletsa Kutuluka kwa Golide

Kuchuluka kwa ma copper-cyanide complexes mu leaching solution kumatha kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa golide. Komanso, mkuwa umakhala ndi chizolowezi chopanga zigawo za passivation pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide. Zigawozi zimagwira ntchito ngati zotchinga, zimachepetsa kulumikizana pakati pa golide ndi ayoni a cyanide ndipo potero zimalepheretsa kutulutsa.

Njira Zowonjezera Sodium Cyanide Leaching mu Gold-Copper Ores

Kukonzekera kwa Ores

• Njira Zopatukana Mwakuthupi: Njira monga kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka, kuyandama, kapena kupatukana kwa maginito zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poika patsogolo mwala. Mwa kusankha kuchotsa gawo lalikulu la mchere wamkuwa musanayambe cyanidation, njirazi zimachepetsa zomwe zili mkuwa muzinthu zomwe zingalowemo. Mwachitsanzo, kuyandama kumatha kulekanitsa mchere wamkuwa wa sulfide kuchokera ku miyala yokhala ndi golide, kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa mkuwa panthawi ya cyanidation.

• Kukonzekera kwa Oxidative: Njira za okosijeni monga kuwotcha, bio-oxidation, kapena pressure oxidation ndi othandiza pakuphwanya mchere wa sulfide ndikumasula golide wotsekedwa. Pankhani ya golide-copper sulfide ores, oxidative pretreatment sikuti amangowonjezera kuchira kwa golide komanso amachepetsa kuwononga kwa mkuwa pa cyanidation. Kuwotcha, mwachitsanzo, kumasintha mchere wa sulfide kukhala ma oxides, kupangitsa golide kukhala wofikirika mosavuta ndi cyanide leaching process.

Kusintha kwa Parameter

• Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide: Kuzindikira ndende yabwino ya cyanide ndikofunikira. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwambiri kungapangitse kusungunuka kwa golide, kumapangitsanso kuti cyanide idye kwambiri, makamaka mkuwa. Njira yoyenera imafunika, ndipo nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide yochepa pamodzi ndi zowonjezera zina kungapangitse zotsatira zabwino.

• Kuwongolera pH: Kusunga mulingo woyenera wa pH (nthawi zambiri mozungulira 9 - 12) mu njira ya leaching ndikofunikira pakupanga cyanidation. Mu leaching ya golide-copper ore, kusintha pH kungathandize kuwongolera kusungunuka kwa mkuwa ndi golide. Kuchepetsa pH pang'ono nthawi zina kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa kwagolide popondereza leaching yamkuwa.

• Kutentha ndi Kusokonezeka: Kukweza kutentha kumatha kufulumizitsa cyanide leaching reaction, koma ili ndi malire. Kutentha kwambiri kumatha kukulitsa kusakhazikika kwa cyanide ndikufulumizitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wake kukhala zinthu zocheperako. Kugwedezeka kokwanira ndikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire kulumikizana kwabwino pakati pa tinthu tating'ono ta ore, njira ya cyanide, ndi mpweya. Komabe, chipwirikiti champhamvu kwambiri chingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zida.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zowonjezera

• Amoniya: Kuonjezera ammonia ku ndondomeko ya cyanidation kungathandize kusamalira mkuwa popanga ma complexes okhazikika nawo. Zinthuzi zimalepheretsa kupanga zinthu zina za mkuwa-cyanide zomwe zimalepheretsa kusungunuka kwa golide. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito ammonia kumafunika kuganiziridwa mozama chifukwa cha kawopsedwe komanso kusakhazikika kwake, zomwe zimabweretsa ngozi zachilengedwe.

• Glycine: Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akuwonetsa kuti glycine ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi cyanide yochepa kwambiri kuti atenge golide, siliva, ndi mkuwa kuchokera ku golide-mkuwa. Glycine complexes ndi ma ion a cupric ndi cuprous ions, amalimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa mkuwa, ndipo amatha kusungunula zigawo za passivation pa golide ndi mkuwa. Njirayi imatha kuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide ndi 75%.

Mlanduwu Studies

Ntchito ya Mining ku Japan

A small mining operation in Japan was working on maximizing gold recovery from copper-rich ore using cyanidation. In a previous cyanidation cycle with 800 tons of dust (gold tailings), they recovered 1.3 kilos of 94% pure gold after elution. To improve recovery, they used lime to increase the pH and ammonia to help remove copper. Additionally, they performed copper elution from the Carbon before gold elution and adjusted the voltage and amperage during gold elution and electrodeposition. These measures helped in increasing the gold recovery.

Australian Low-Grade Copper-Gold Ore

Mwala wina wa golide wa ku Australia wopangidwa ndi golide wochepa kwambiri unakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya “kuyandama kosakanikirana—kulekanitsa mkuwa ndi sulufule—kukoketsa golide wa sulfure”. Mwa kukhathamiritsa ma reagents oyandama (pogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa butyl xanthate ndi ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate monga otolera) ndikuyenda kwa njira (magawo angapo a roughing ndi scavenging mumayendedwe otsekedwa), adapeza kuchira kwa mkuwa kwa 82.46% ndi kuchira kwagolide kwa 91.87%.

Kutsiliza

Kukonzekera kwa sodium cyanide Njira yotulutsa migodi ya golide-mkuwa ndiyofunikira kuti pakhale chitukuko chachuma komanso kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kwamigodi ya golide. Pomvetsetsa zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha mkuwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira monga pretreatment, process parameter optimization, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, kusintha kwakukulu pakubwezeretsa golide ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide kungatheke. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo m'derali angayang'ane kwambiri pakupanga njira zowongoka bwino komanso zosamalira zachilengedwe, kuchepetsanso kukhudzidwa kwa chitsulo chamkuwa chagolide pa chilengedwe ndikukulitsa zokolola.