Cyanidation Gold Extraction process ndi Zinc Powder Replacement

Njira yochotsera golide yachikhalidwe ya Cyanidation imakhala ndi njira zitatu zazikulu: kuchotsa, kutsuka, ndi kusintha (mvula).

1. Leaching

Leaching ndi njira yomwe golide wolimba mu ore amasungunuka mu mpweya - wokhala ndi cyanide solution. Pakalipano, ponena za ndondomeko, zipangizo, kasamalidwe, ndi ntchito, njirayi yakhala yovuta kwambiri. Monga tanena kale, kusungunuka kwa golide mu oxygen - yokhala ndi cyanide solution kwenikweni ndi njira ya electrochemical corrosion.

Pa nthawi yochotsa zinthu zovulaza, mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma reagents imagwiritsidwa ntchito: Cyanides ndi protective alkalis.

(1) Cyanides

Mu makampani, ma cyanide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide kuchokera ku cyanidation ndi monga potassium cyanide (KCN), Sodium cyanide (NaCN), calcium cyanide [Ca(CN)₂], ndi ammonium cyanide (NH₄CN).

Sodium cyanide ndiye cyanide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga. Ndi ufa woyera woopsa kwambiri, ndipo Sodium Cyanide yogulitsidwa nthawi zambiri imapanikizidwa m'mabwalo kapena m'maboloko.

Mu mafakitale, cyanide melt imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati reagent yotulutsa madzi. Ndi chisakanizo chomwe chimapangidwa posakaniza calcium cyanide, mchere, ndi coke mu uvuni wamagetsi. Kupatula kukhala ndi 40% - 45% ya Ca(CN)₂ ndi NaCN, ilinso ndi zonyansa zina zomwe zimawononga njira yochotsera madzi, monga sulfides zosungunuka, carbon, ndi zonyansa zina zosasungunuka. Ubwino wake ndi mtengo wake wotsika, koma mlingo wake ndi waukulu, pafupifupi nthawi 2 - 2.5 kuposa wa sodium cyanide . Kuti muchotse mphamvu ya zonyansa zovulaza, chithandizo chiyenera kuchitika musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide melt. Njira zochizira zimaphatikizapo kusuntha mwamphamvu ndi mpweya kapena kuwonjezera mchere woyenera wa lead ku yankho.

Mwachidziwitso, 0.5g yokha ya sodium cyanide ndiyofunika kuti isungunuke 1g ya Au. Komabe, pakupanga kwenikweni, kumwa kwa cyanide ndi 20 - 200 nthawi zowerengera, kapena kupitilira apo. Kuchuluka kwa mowa kumatengera zomwe zili muzinthu zina zomwe zimatha kuchita ndi cyanide.

2. Kusamba

Kutsuka ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito madzi kutsuka pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi golide wosungunuka pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuti tikwaniritse zolimba - kulekanitsa kwamadzimadzi kuti mubwezeretse golide - wokhala ndi yankho pambuyo pa leaching.

3. Kusintha

Kusintha ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito ufa wa zinc kuti muchepetse ndikuchotsa golide kuchokera ku yankho lokhala ndi golide, motero mubwezeretse golide. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 20, kubweza golide kuchokera ku pulp ya cyanide kumaphatikizapo kutsuka pulp, kenako kuyeretsa ndikuchotsa mpweya woipa womwe uli ndi mimba. Kutulutsa golide kuchokera ku yankho lokhala ndi mimba lomwe lakonzedwa nthawi zonse kwakhala kukugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira ufa wa Zinc . Kuyambira m'ma 1960, njira ya "carbon-in-pulp" yowonjezera mpweya woyatsidwa ku pulp yakula mwachangu. Ndi kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ma ion exchangers, njira yogwiritsira ntchito ma ion-exchange resins kuti atenge golide kuchokera ku cyanide solutions kapena cyanide pulp ilinso ndi phindu lofunikira. Kafukufuku wina wachitikanso pa solvent yotulutsa golide kuchokera ku cyanide solutions. Sulfuric acid ikawonjezedwa ku yankho lokhala ndi golide wa cyanide, isoamyl alcohol ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa golide, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid. Mwachitsanzo, potulutsa mu yankho la 2mol/L sulfuric acid, golide amathanso kulekanitsidwa ndi zonyansa monga arsenic ndi iron. Kugwiritsa ntchito oxalkoxy phosphate pochotsa golide kuchokera ku cyanate alkaline solutions kwakhala ndi zizindikiro zokwanira zochotsera golide, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito sodium sulfite pochotsa golide kumbuyo kwapezanso zotsatira zabwino, ndi zina zotero.

Pomaliza, njira yochotsera golide wa cyanidation ili ndi mbiri yakale komanso chitukuko chopitilira. Njira zosiyanasiyana ndi ma reagents ali ndi mawonekedwe awoawo komanso mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo makampaniwa amayang'ana nthawi zonse ndikupanga zatsopano kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito komanso chuma cha m'zigawo za golide ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe.