Farqiga u dhexeeya Potassium Hydroxide iyo Sodium Hydroxide

Dhinaca kiimikada, labada Potassium hydroxide (KOH) iyo Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), oo loo yaqaan caustic potash iyo caustic soda siday u kala horreeyaan, waxay ciyaaraan door muhiim ah. Inkasta oo ay wadaagaan waxyaabo isku mid ah oo saldhigyo xooggan leh, haddana waxay leeyihiin astaamo kala duwan oo kala soocaya dhinacyo kala duwan. Maqaalkani wuxuu higsanayaa inuu bixiyo dulmar guud oo ku saabsan farqiga u dhexeeya potassium hydroxide iyo sodium hydroxide.

Kiimikooyinka iyo Fikradaha Jirka

Qaab-dhismeedka Molecular iyo Halabuurka

Potassium hydroxide waxa uu ka kooban yahay hal potassium (K) atamka, hal oxygen (O) atamka, iyo hal hydrogen (H) atamka, oo leh qaacidada kiimikada KOH. Sodium hydroxide, dhanka kale, waxa uu ka kooban yahay hal sodiyam (Na) atom, hal atom oo ogsijiin ah, iyo hal atom hydrogen, oo lagu muujiyay sida NaOH. Farqiga u dhexeeya cation birta (potassium vs. sodium) waa aasaaska oo wax ka tarta qaar badan oo ka mid ah hantidooda kala duwan.

Muuqashada Jirka iyo Solubility

Labada xeryoodba waa caddaan, adkaha hygroscopic ee heerkulka qolka, oo si sahal ah u nuugaya qoyaanka hawada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay muujinayaan kala duwanaanshiyaha milanka. Potassium hydroxide ayaa si aad ah ugu milmay biyaha, waxayna sii deysaa xaddi badan oo kuleyl ah inta lagu jiro kala dirida, taas oo keeni karta in xalku noqdo mid aad u kulul. Waxa kale oo ay ku milmi kartaa ethanol iyo methanol. Sodium hydroxide waxay si isku mid ah ugu milmay biyaha, oo ay la socoto fal-celin xasaasiyadeed oo muuqda. Laakiin marka la barbardhigo, potassium hydroxide guud ahaan waxay leedahay milmayn sare ee dareerayaasha organic qaarkood, taas oo ka dhigaysa doorashada la door bidayo qaar ka mid ah hababka kiimikada gaarka ah.

Dhibcaha dhalaalka iyo karkarinta

Potassium hydroxide waxay leedahay bar dhalaalaysa qiyaastii 360 °C (680 °F) waxayna ku karkari kartaa qiyaastii 1.324 °C (2.415 °F). Sodium hydroxide, cagsigeeda, waxay leedahay meel dhalaalaysa oo waxyar ka saraysa oo ku saabsan 318 °C (604 °F) waxayna karkarisaa 1.388 °C (2.530 °F). Kala duwanaanshahaan dhibcaha dhalaalka iyo karkarinta waxay saameyn ku yeelan karaan isticmaalkooda codsiyada kulaylka sareeyo, iyadoo mid kasta lagu xusho iyadoo lagu saleynayo shuruudaha heerkulka gaarka ah ee habka.

Hababka Diyaarinta

Wax soo saarka warshadaha ee Potassium Hydroxide

Warshadaha ahaan, potassium hydroxide waxaa inta badan lagu soo saaraa electrolysis of potassium chloride (KCl), habka loo yaqaan habka chloralkali. Habkan, haddalka korantada ayaa la sii maraa xalalka chloride potassium ee unugga elektrolytiga ah. At anode-ka, ions chloride waa oksaydhized si ay u sameeyaan gaaska chlorine, halka cathode, biyaha waa la dhimay, soo saara hydrogen gaaska iyo hydroxide ions. Ionyada potassium waxay ku biiraan ions hydroxide si ay u sameeyaan potassium hydroxide.

Wax soo saarka warshadaha Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide sidoo kale waxaa lagu soo saaraa habka chloralkali, laakiin isticmaalka sodium chloride (NaCl) sida walxaha bilawga ah. Si la mid ah wax-soo-saarka potassium hydroxide, electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution waxay keentaa samaynta sodium hydroxide ee cathode, oo ay weheliso gaaska chlorine ee anode iyo gaaska hydrogen ee cathode. Farqiga ugu weyn ee diyaarinta ayaa ku jira alaabta ceeriin ee la isticmaalo, iyadoo wax soo saarka potassium hydroxide uu ku tiirsan yahay potassium - oo ay ku jiraan milix iyo soodhiyam hydroxide oo ku saabsan sodium - oo ka kooban milix.

Codsiyada

Soo saarista Kiimikada

Soo saarista kiimikaad, potassium hydroxide waxa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa soo saarista kiimikooyinka potassium-ku-salaysan sida potassium phosphates, kuwaas oo ah bacrimiyeyaasha muhiimka ah. Waxa kale oo loo shaqeeyaa isku-dhafka polymers-ka qaarkood iyo kicinta falcelinta organic qaarkood. Sodium hydroxide, dhanka kale, waa shay muhiim u ah soo saarista saabuunta iyo saabuunta. Iyadoo loo marayo habka loo yaqaan saponification, waxay la falgashaa dufan iyo saliid si ay u soo saarto molecules saabuunta iyo glycerol. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista waraaqaha, halkaas oo ay ka caawiso habka garaaca wadnaha si loo burburiyo lignin, kala sooca fiilooyinka cellulose ee wax soo saarka waraaqaha.

In Electroplating iyo Metal Processing

Potassium hydroxide waxay ka heleysaa codsiga qubayska elektiroonigga ah, gaar ahaan dahaadhida biraha qaarkood sida zinc. Awoodeeda ah in ay milaan oxides biraha iyo ilaalinta deegaanka alkaline waxay faa'iido u leedahay in la gaaro daahan bir ah oo siman oo isku mid ah. Sodium hydroxide waxaa loo isticmaalaa nadiifinta birta iyo hababka daaweynta dusha. Waxay ka saari kartaa dufanka, saliidda, iyo miridhku meelaha birta ah, iyaga oo u diyaarinaysa habayn dheeraad ah sida rinjiyeynta ama dhejinta.

Gudaha Cuntada iyo Alaabooyinka Macmiilka

Potassium hydroxide ayaa xaddidan laakiin isticmaalka gaarka ah ee warshadaha cuntada. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa soo saarista kookaha si loo hagaajiyo pH, taasoo saameynaysa dhadhanka iyo midabka alaabta ugu dambeysa. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa soo saarista pretzels jilicsan si loo abuuro qaab-dhismeedka calalinta. Sodium hydroxide, dhanka kale, waxaa loo isticmaalaa habaynta saytuunka si looga saaro qadhaadhkooda. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa soo saarista cuntooyinka qaarkood - dhumucyada darajada iyo xasiliyayaasha.

Badbaadada iyo Qabashada

Potassium hydroxide iyo sodium hydroxide labaduba waa walxo aad u daxalaysa. Waxay u keeni karaan gubasho daran maqaarka, indhaha, iyo mareenka neefsiga marka ay taabtaan. Markaad la tacaalayso kiimikooyinkan, waa in la xidho qalabka ilaalinta shakhsi ahaaneed ee ku habboon (PPE) sida galoofyada, muraayadaha, iyo jaakadaha shaybaadhka. Haddii ay dhacdo in maqaarka ama indhaha la taabto, isla markiiba iyo waqti dheer biyo badan ayaa lagama maarmaan ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, farqiga u dhexeeya falcelintooda iyo milmayntooda awgeed, dabeecadda khataraha iman kara wax yar way kala duwanaan kartaa. Tusaale ahaan, milanka sare ee potassium hydroxide ee dareerayaasha qaarkood waxay la macno tahay inay si degdeg ah ugu fidi karto deegaanno qaarkood, taasoo kordhinaysa halista soo-gaadhista shil ee xaaladaha qaarkood.

Gabagabadii, halka potassium hydroxide iyo sodium hydroxide ay wadaagaan sifada guud ee ahaanshaha saldhigyo adag, kala duwanaanshahooda kiimikada iyo guryaha, hababka diyaarinta, codsiyada, iyo tixgelinta badbaadada ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku habboon ujeedooyin kala duwan. Fahamka kala duwanaanshahan ayaa muhiim u ah farmashiyeyaasha, injineerada, iyo shaqaalaha warshadaha si ay uga faa'iidaystaan ​​kiimikooyinkan si wax ku ool ah oo badbaado leh codsiyo badan oo kala duwan.