Sodium Cyanide: Tharollo e Sebetsang bakeng sa Leaching ea Ore ea Khauta e Tlase

Lefapheng la merafo ya kgauta, ho ntsha kgauta ho tswa majweng a boleng bo tlase esale e le phephetso e kgolo. Majwe a kgauta a boleng bo tlase, ao hangata a nang le 0.30 - 0.50g/t ya kgauta, a hlahisa dibopeho tse rarahaneng tse sitisang mekgwa e otlolohileng ya ho ntsha. Leha ho le jwalo, tshebediso ya Sodium cyanide tshebetsong ya ho ntsha e hlahile e le tharollo e sebetsang haholo, e fetolang tsela eo re sebetsanang le majwe a jwalo ka yona.

Karolo ea Sodium Cyanide ho Leaching ea Khauta

Sodium cyanide ke motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntšoeng ha khauta ho tsoa marong a eona. Ha e kopana le marong a nang le khauta, Sodium Cyanide e arabela le khauta, e etsa motsoako oa cyanide ea khauta e qhibilihang. Karabelo ena e ka nolofatsoa ka tsela e latelang:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH

Ts'ebetso ena ea ho rarahana e lumella khauta, eo hangata e leng teng ka mefuta e menyenyane le e hasaneng ka har'a matrix ea ore, ho qhibiliha le ho aroloa ho liminerale tse potolohileng tsa gangue. Litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa sodium cyanide li e nolofalletsa ho shebana le khauta ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, e leng se etsang hore e be sesebelisoa se loketseng bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho ntša khauta.

Mokhoa oa ho Leaching o Sebelisa Sodium Cyanide

1. Tokiso ea Ore

Mohato oa pele oa mokhoa o tlase oa leaching oa khauta ke ho lokisoa ha tšepe. Sena se akarelletsa ho sila le ho sila tšepe ho isa tekanyong e loketseng. Sepheo ke ho pepesa boholo ba liminerale tse nang le khauta ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ho matlafatsa kamano pakeng tsa motsoako oa sodium cyanide le khauta. Mohlala, ts'ebetsong e tloaelehileng, borale bo ka 'na ba silakanngoa ka ho sebelisa li-crushers tsa mohlahare le li-cone crushers,' me ka mor'a moo ho ea fatše ka li-mill ho finyella boholo ba karoloana e loketseng bakeng sa ho ntša metsi hantle, hangata e le ho -150 + 75 µm joalo ka ha liphuputso li bontšitse hore li nepahetse bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ling.

2. Leaching

Hang ha lejwe le se le lokisitswe, le bewa tikolohong e nang le leaching. Ho na le mekgwa e fapaneng ya ho leaching, moo leaching ya heap e leng e tlwaelehileng bakeng sa majwe a boleng bo tlase. Ha lejwe la heap, lejwe le bokellwa hodima pad e ka tlase e entsweng ka ho kgetheha. Tharollo e hlapolotsweng ya sodium cyanide, hangata e le pakeng tsa 200 - 500 ppm, ebe e fafatswa ka ho tswela pele hodima lejwe la heap. Tharollo e phunyeletsa ka hara lejwe, e arabela le kgauta mme e a qhala. Tshebetso ya leaching hangata e etswa tlasa maemo a alkaline, ka pH ya tharollo e bolokwang ho pota 10 - 11 ho sebediswa lime kapa sodium hydroxide. Sena se thusa ho thibela ho thehwa ha kgase ya hydrogen cyanide, e leng sehlahiswa se nang le chefo, mme hape se eketsa ho qhibiliha ha kgauta ka hara tharollo ya cyanide.

3. Khauta Recovery

Kamora hore khauta e qhibilihe ka har'a tharollo ea cyanide, mohato o latelang ke ho e khutlisa. E 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ke ts'ebetso ea Carbon -in-pulp (CIP) kapa carbon-in-leach (CIL). Ts'ebetsong tsena, Activated Carbon e eketsoa ho leach slurry. Khabone ea khauta ea cyanide e monngoa holim'a carbon e activated ka lebaka la ho ba le kamano e phahameng le khauta. Khabone e tlatsitsoeng e aroloa ho leslurry, 'me khauta e tlosoa ho carbon ho sebelisoa tharollo ea caustic cyanide. Ka mor'a moo, khauta e fumanoa ho tsoa tharollong e tlositsoeng ka mekhoa ea electrowinning kapa zinc precipitation. Mokhoa o mong ke mokhoa oa ho nkela phofo ea zinc sebaka, o loketseng mokelikeli oa bohlokoa o nang le khauta kamora ho tsoa ha cyanide. Phofo ea zinc kapa terata ea zinc e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho fokotsa ho tlosa khauta ho tsoa tharollong.

4. Tailings Phekolo

Lintho tse setseng ka mor'a ho hlaphoheloa ha khauta, tse tsejoang e le li-tailings, li na le masala a cyanide le litšila tse ling. Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ea mehatla e bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Hangata mehatla e phekoloa ka lik'hemik'hale ho senya cyanide e setseng. Mohlala, hydrogen peroxide kapa sulfur dioxide e ka sebelisoa ho oxidize cyanide ho metsoako e seng chefo. Ka mor'a ho phekoloa, mehatla hangata e lahleloa ka letamong la li-tailings le entsoeng ka hloko, le entsoeng ka boenjiniere ho thibela ho lokolloa ha lintho tse kotsi tikolohong.

Melemo ea ho Sebelisa Sodium Cyanide ho Low-Grade Gold Ore Leaching

1. Khetho e Phahameng

Sodium cyanide e bonts'a boemo bo phahameng ba khetho ho khauta. E ka qhala khauta ka katleho ha e ntse e siea liminerale tse ling tse ngata ka har'a matrix a ore e sa sebetsanoe. Khetho ena e lumella karohano e atlehileng ea khauta ho tsoa metsoakong e rarahaneng ea ore, e leng ea bohlokoa ka ho khetheha lirafshoeng tsa boemo bo tlaase moo boleng ba khauta bo batlang bo le tlaase, 'me boteng ba liminerale tse ling bo ka sitisa mokhoa oa ho ntša.

2. Litšenyehelo-Ka katleho

Ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea ho ntšoa ha khauta ho tsoa ho ore ea boemo bo tlase, tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ts'ebetsong ea leaching e batla e boloka chelete e ngata. Li-reagents tse hlokahalang, joalo ka sodium cyanide ka boeona, lime bakeng sa tokiso ea pH, le k'habone e kentsoeng bakeng sa ho khutlisa khauta, li rekisoa ka litheko tse tlase. Ho feta moo, lisebelisoa tse sebelisitsoeng ts'ebetsong ea cyanide leaching, joalo ka li-crusher, li-grinders, litanka tsa leaching, le litšiea tsa carbon adsorption, ke lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa meepo, tse fokotsang litšenyehelo tse akaretsang tsa ts'ebetso.

3. Theknoloji e Thehiloeng Hantle

Tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ho leaching khauta e na le histori e telele, ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1880. Ho theosa le lilemo, lipatlisiso tse pharaletseng le phihlelo e sebetsang li 'nile tsa bokelloa, tse hlahisang theknoloji e tsoetseng pele le e hloekisitsoeng. Sena se bolela hore lik'hamphani tsa merafo li ka itšetleha ka mekhoa le mekhoa e tiisitsoeng, ho fokotsa likotsi tse amanang le mekhoa e mecha le e sa hlahlojoang. Meaho e teng le motheo oa tsebo indastering le ona o etsa hore ho be bonolo ho kenya ts'ebetsong le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea cyanide leaching.

Mathata a Amanang le Tšebeliso ea Sodium Cyanide le Litharollo Tsa Tsona

1. Chefo

Sodium cyanide e chefo haholo, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona le ts'ebeliso ea eona e beha likotsi tse kholo bophelong ba batho le tikolohong. E le ho arabela phephetso ena, ho kentswe tshebetsong diprothokholo tse tiileng tsa polokeho mesebetsing ya merafo. Tsena li akarelletsa polokelo e loketseng libakeng tse sireletsehileng, tse nang le moea o hloekileng, tšebeliso ea thepa ea tšireletso ea botho ke basebetsi, le koetliso ea kamehla ea mekhoa ea ho tšoara e sireletsehileng. Ho feta moo, ho ntse ho ntlafatsoa mahlale a macha a ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide. Mohlala, nts'etsopele ea li-reagents tse ling tsa leaching, joalo ka li-thiosulfate-based leaching agents, tse seng chefo e nyane, li bonts'a ts'episo. Le hoja mekhoa ena e meng e e-s'o amoheloe ka mokhoa o pharaletseng joaloka sodium cyanide, lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele li ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tsona le ho boloka litšenyehelo.

2. Matšoenyeho a Tikoloho

Tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide e ka lebisa tšilafalong ea tikoloho haeba e sa laoloe hantle. Cyanide e ka har'a mehatla e ka kena mobung le mehloling ea metsi, ea baka kotsi ho bophelo ba metsing le tikolohong. Ho rarolla bothata bona, ho sebelisoa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea kalafo. Sena se kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea matamo a nang le mehatla ho thibela ho phalla, le ho phekoloa ha mehatla ho fokotsa maemo a cyanide ho meeli e amohelehang. Lik'hamphani tse ling tsa merafo li ntse li hlahloba monyetla oa ho tsosolosa le ho sebelisa cyanide hape ts'ebetsong ea leaching, ho tsoela pele ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea eona ea tikoloho.

3. Litšobotsi tse rarahaneng tsa Ore

Ores ea khauta ea boemo bo tlase hangata e na le metsoako e rarahaneng ea mineralogical, e ka bakang mathata ts'ebetsong ea leaching ea cyanide. Ka mohlala, boteng ba liminerale tse itseng tsa sulfide, tse kang pyrite, li ka ja cyanide le oksijene, tsa fokotsa bokhoni ba ho ntša khauta. Ho hlōla sena, ka linako tse ling ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea pele ho phekolo. Kalafo ea pele ea oxidation, joalo ka bio-oxidation kapa ho halika, e ka sebelisoa ho qhaqha liminerale tsa sulfide le ho etsa hore khauta e fumanehe habonolo mothapong oa cyanide. Ntle le moo, ho ntlafatsa liparamente tsa leaching, joalo ka bongata ba sodium cyanide, pH ea tharollo, le nako ea ho phunya, ho ka thusa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho ntšoa ha mefuta e fapaneng ea ore.

Meetlo ea Bokamoso ho Leaching ea Khauta ea boemo bo tlase ka Sodium Cyanide

1. Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso

Patlisiso e ntseng e tsoela pele e shebane le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea leaching ea cyanide. Sena se kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho etsa mohlala ho bolela esale pele boits'oaro ba li-ores tse fapaneng le ho ntlafatsa maemo a ts'ebetso. Ka mohlala, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) e ka sebelisoa ho etsisa ho phalla ha tharollo ea cyanide ka qubu ea ore, ho etsa bonnete ba kabo e tšoanang le ho matlafatsa kamano pakeng tsa tharollo le khauta. Ho feta moo, lits'ebetso tsa ho lekola le ho laola nako ea nnete li ntse li ntlafatsoa ho lokisa ts'ebetso ea leaching e ipapisitseng le maemo a fetohang a ore le maemo a ts'ebetso, e lebisang ho litheko tse phahameng tsa ho khutlisa khauta le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea reagent.

2. Ho kopanya le New Technologies

Bokamoso ba leaching ea khauta ea boemo bo tlase bo ka kenyelletsa ho kopanngoa ha sodium cyanide leaching le mahlale a macha. Mohlala, ts'ebeliso ea nanotechnology ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-reagents tsa leaching kapa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mekhoa ea ho khutlisa khauta. Li-catalyst tse thehiloeng ho nanoparticle li ka potlakisa karabelo lipakeng tsa sodium cyanide le khauta, tsa fokotsa nako ea leaching le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso. Karolo e 'ngoe ea tsoelo-pele ke tšebeliso ea bohlale ba maiketsetso le thuto ea mochine ho hlahloba lintlha tse ngata tse tsoang mesebetsing ea merafo, e leng ho nolofalletsang ho etsa liqeto tse molemo ho laola le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso.

3. Mekhoa e Tsoelang Pele

Ha matshwenyeho a tikoloho le a setjhaba a ntse a hola, indasteri ya merafo e beha kgatello e ntseng e eketseha mekgweng ya moshwelella. Boemong ba ore ea boleng bo tlase ba khauta e nang le sodium cyanide, sena se bolela ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e baballang tikoloho le e nang le boikarabelo sechabeng. Sena se kenyelletsa ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea li-reagents tse chefo, ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea litšila, le ho netefatsa taolo e nepahetseng ea mesaletsa. Lik'hamphani tsa merafo li boetse li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tšebelisano le sechaba le matsapa a ntlafatso ea sechaba ho netefatsa kamohelo ea nako e telele le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea bona.

Qetellong, sodium cyanide e ntse e le karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntšoa ha khauta ho tsoa ho ores ea boemo bo tlase. Leha ho na le liphephetso tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea eona, lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le tsoelopele ea theknoloji li ntse li tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso, polokeho le ts'ebetso ea tikoloho ea ts'ebetso ea cyanide leaching. Ka ho sebetsana le diphephetso tsena le ho amohela ditlwaelo tsa nako e tlang, indaseteri ya merafo ya kgauta e ka tswela pele ho ntsha boleng ho tswa ho majwe a kgauta a boemo bo tlase ka mokgwa o nang le boikarabelo le o hlwahlwa.