Puisano ka Theknoloji ea ho Rata Khauta ka Sodium Cyanide

Selelekela

Khauta, tšepe ea bohlokoa eo e nkoang e le ea bohlokoa haholo ka lebaka la ho fumaneha ha eona ka seoelo, ho soeufala ha eona le ho hanela ho bola, e ’nile ea e-ba letšoao la leruo le mokhoa oa ho fapanyetsana ka makholo a lilemo. Ho ntšoa ha khauta ho tsoa ho ore ea eona ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng e fetohileng ha nako e ntse e ea. Har'a mekhoa e sa tšoaneng, tšebeliso ea Sodium cyanide in Khauta e ntšoang, e tsejoang e le cyanidation, esale e le mokhoa o ka sehloohong ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970. Poso ena ea blog e tla shebisisa lintlha tsa mokhoa ona, melao-motheo ea eona ea ts'ebetso, maikutlo a tikoloho le polokeho, le litebello tsa nako e tlang.

Karolo ea Cyanide ho Rata Khauta

Kamoo Cyanide e Sebetsang ka Khauta

Cyanide, motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o nang le k'habone le naetrojene, di bopa motswako o qhibilihang ka kgauta moo oksijene e leng teng. Karabelo e ka emelwa ke equation e latelang ya dikhemikhale:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH

Karabelong ena, khauta e na le oxidized mme e theha motsoako o tsitsitseng, o qhibilihang, sodium aurocyanide (Na[Au(CN)₂]). Sena se lumella khauta hore e arohane le matrix a ore le ho tsosolosoa ka mekhoa e latelang.

Maemo a Cyanidation e Atlehang

E le hore ts'ebetso ea cyanidation e atlehe, maemo a 'maloa a tlameha ho finyelloa. Khatiso ea Sodium cyanide ka tharollo ea leaching hangata ho tloha 100 ppm ho 500 ppm (0.01% - 0.05%). Boemo ba pH bo nepahetseng, hangata bo pota-potileng 10 - 11. bo bolokiloe ho thibela ho thehoa ha khase ea hydrogen cyanide, e chefo e ngata. Ho feta moo, ho ba teng ha oksijene ke ntho ea bohlokoa, kaha e sebetsa e le moemeli oa oxidizing karabelong. Leha ho le joalo, maemong a mang, ka lebaka la ho ameha ka litšenyehelo, ho kenyelletsoa ha oksijene e eketsehileng ho potlakisa ts'ebetso ea leaching hase kamehla e etsoang ka lisepa.

Mokhoa oa ho leaching oa Cyanide

Tokiso ea Ore

Pele cyanide e tsoa, ​​ore e nang le khauta e hloka ho lokisoa. Hangata sena se akarelletsa ho sila le ho sila tšepe e le ho eketsa bokaholimo ba eona. Ha likaroloana tsa ore li le ntle haholo, khauta e pepeseha haholoanyane mothapong oa cyanide, e leng ho matlafatsang ts'ebetso e sebetsang ea leaching. Ka mor'a ho sila le ho sila, tšepe e ka 'na ea sebetsoa hape ka karohano ea matla a khoheli kapa ho phaphamala ho tlosa liminerale tse ling tsa gangue le ho tsepamisa mohopolo oa karoloana e nang le khauta.

Kokoana Leaching

Heap leaching ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo mesebetsing e meholo ea merafo ea khauta. Ts'ebetsong ena, ore e lokisitsoeng e kenngoa ka liqubu tse kholo holim'a liner e ke keng ea phunyeletsoa. Tharollo e hlapollang ea sodium cyanide e ntan'o fafatsoa kapa e tšeloa holim'a qubu ea tšepe. Ha tharollo e ntse e phunyeletsa ka har'a qubu, e kopana le khauta ka har'a ore, e etsa khauta e qhibilihang - cyanide complexes. Li-complexes tsena li bokelloa ka tlase ho qubu ka har'a letamo kapa tsamaiso ea pokello.

Heap leaching e theko e boima - e sebetsa, haholo-holo bakeng sa ores ea boemo bo tlase. Leha ho le joalo, e hloka taolo e hlokolosi ho thibela ho lutla ha cyanide - e nang le tharollo tikolohong.

Vat Leaching (Melao e Laoloang)

Vat leaching, e tsejoang hape e le vat cyanidation kapa agitation leaching, hangata e etsoa ka leloala le ikhethileng sebakeng sa merafo. Ka mokhoa ona, ore e pshatlehileng hantle e kenngoa ka har'a li-vats kapa litanka. Tharollo e nang le cyanide e a eketsoa, ​​'me motsoako oa ferekanngoa ho netefatsa kamano e ntle pakeng tsa ore le tharollo. Oksijene e moeeng kapa ka linako tse ling oksijene e eketsehileng e hlahisoa ho thusa karabelo.

Ha ho bapisoa le Leaching e ngata, vat leaching e lumella ho laola hantle maemo a leaching, joalo ka mocheso, pH, le lebelo la ho ferekana. Leha ho le joalo, ka kakaretso e theko e boima haholo ka lebaka la tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tse khethehileng le tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla.

Ho tsosolosoa ha Khauta ho tsoa ho Cyanide Solutions

Hang ha khauta e qhibiliha ka har'a tharollo ea cyanide, e hloka ho tsosolosoa. Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha ea sena:

1. Carbon - in - Leach (CIL) le Carbon - in - Pulp (CIP): Ts'ebetsong ea CIL, khabone e kentsoeng e eketsoa ka kotloloho ho makhasi a cyanide - leached. Li-complexes tsa khauta - cyanide li khabisitsoe holim'a khabone e kentsoeng ka lebaka la sebaka sa eona se phahameng le thepa e matla ea papatso. Ts'ebetsong ea CIP, makhasi a qala ho arohana le tharollo, ebe tharollo e fetisoa ka letoto la litanka tse tletseng carbon activated. Ka mor'a ho khabisoa, carbon e jereng khauta e tlosoa tsamaisong 'me e tsoela pele ho sebetsoa ho fumana khauta.

2. Zinc Precipitation: Lerōle la zinc kapa li-shavings tsa zinc li ka ekeletsoa ho tharollo ea khauta - cyanide. Zinc e na le electropositive ho feta khauta, kahoo e tlosa khauta ho tswa ho khauta - cyanide complex. Karabo e tjena:

2Na[Au(CN)₂] + Zn → 2Au + Na₂[Zn(CN)₄]

Khauta e phoroselang e ka aroloa ho tsoa ho tharollo ka ho sefa kapa ho hloekisoa.

Mehopolo ea Tikoloho le Polokeho

Chefo ea Cyanide

Cyanide ke k'hemik'hale e chefo e matla. Ha e le maemong a holimo, e ka bolaea batho, liphoofolo le lintho tse phelang metsing. Boemong ba merafo ea khauta, taba e kholo ke ho lokolloa ha cyanide tikolohong, haholo-holo metsing a ka holim'a metsi. Litlhapi li na le kutloelo-bohloko haholo ho cyanide, esita le maemo a tlase a cyanide metsing a ka ba le phello e mpe tikolohong ea metsing.

Tsamaiso ea tikoloho

Ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea tšebeliso ea cyanide merafong ea khauta, ho nkoa mehato e mengata. Merafo e hlokoa ho latela melao e thata mabapi le ho ntšoa ha cyanide - e nang le tharollo. Lisebelisoa tsa mehatla, moo cyanide e setseng - e nang le tharollo le lisebelisoa tsa litšila li bolokiloeng, li entsoe ka li-liner tse ke keng tsa qoelisoa ho thibela ho lutla. Ho feta moo, mekhoa e fapaneng ea kalafo e sebelisoa ho fokotsa kapa ho tlosa cyanide tharollong pele e tsoa. Mekhoa ena e kenyelletsa k'hemik'hale ea oxidation, phekolo ea likokoana-hloko, le tšebeliso ea leseli la ultraviolet ho senya cyanide.

Mesebetsi e mengata ea merafo e boetse e ikemiselitse ho sebelisa hape le ho sebelisa cyanide e setseng lipotolohong tsa ts'ebetso ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea cyanide ka kakaretso.

Mehato ea Tšireletseho Bakeng sa Basebetsi

Basebetsi ba merafong ba kotsing ea ho pepesehela maemo a chefo a cyanide. Ho sireletsa basebetsi, merafo e kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa e mengata ea tšireletso. Tsena li kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea li-automation ho fokotsa ho ama batho ka ho toba le cyanide - e nang le lisebelisoa, ho fa basebetsi liaparo tse loketseng tsa tšireletso, tse kang liatlana, liaprone, le lisebelisoa tsa ho hema, le ho etsa mananeo a kamehla a koetliso ea tšireletso.

Litakatso Tse Tlang

Leha e sebelisoa haholo, mokhoa oa ho ntša khauta ka cyanide o tobane le mathata ka lebaka la mathata a tikoloho le polokeho. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le thahasello e ntseng e eketseha ea ho ntshetsa pele mekhoa e meng, e seng e baballang tikoloho ea ho ntša khauta. E meng ea mekhoa ena e hlahang e kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea thiosulfate, bromide, kapa li-ionic liquid e le li-lixiviants tse ling. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa ena e ntse e le mohatong oa liteko kapa oa pele oa khoebo 'me e na le mefokolo ea eona mabapi le litšenyehelo - katleho le katleho.

Ho sa le joalo, indasteri ea merafo ea khauta e tla tsoelapele ho tsepamisa maikutlo holim'a ntlafatso ea polokeho le ts'ebetso ea tikoloho ea ts'ebetso ea cyanide - leaching. Sena se kenyelletsa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea cyanide, ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea kalafo bakeng sa cyanide - e nang le litšila, le ho matlafatsa taolo ea taolo.

fihlela qeto e

Tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ha ho ntšoa khauta e bile lejoe la sekhutlo la indasteri ea meepo ea khauta ka lilemo tse mashome. E fana ka mokhoa o batlang o sebetsa hantle ebile o theko e boima - o sebetsang hantle oa ho ntša khauta mefuteng e fapaneng ea ores. Leha ho le joalo, chefo ea cyanide le phello ea eona e ka bang teng tikolohong e ke ke ea hlokomolohuoa. Ha indasteri e ntse e hatela pele, ho tlameha ho be le tekatekano pakeng tsa melemo ea moruo ea merafo ea khauta le tlhokahalo ea ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle ba batho le tikoloho. Ebang ke ka ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tse teng tse thehiloeng ho cyanide kapa ho theha mahlale a macha, a mefuta e meng, bokamoso ba ho ntšoa ha khauta bo itšetlehile ka ho fumana mekhoa e tsitsitseng le e sireletsehileng haholoanyane.