Liyini Inani Eliphelele le-pH leCyanide Leaching?

I-Cyanide leaching ibilokhu iyisisekelo ekukhishweni kwegolide nesiliva kumaminerali amaminerali kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezimboni ngo-1887. Le nqubo incike ebhalansini ethambile yezinto ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali nezemvelo, nenani le-pH lesixazululo eligqama njengepharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu.

I-Chemical Rationale Esemuva kwe-pH ku-Cyanide Leaching

I-Cyanide, ngokuvamile isesimweni se- I-Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) noma i-potassium i-cyanide (I-KCN), isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinhloko yokuleaching. Nokho, ukusebenzisana kwayo negolide nesiliva kuthonywa kakhulu izinga le-pH. I-Cyanide itholakala ngokulingana ne-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), isakhi esinobuthi obuphezulu futhi esiguquguqukayo. Endaweni ene-acidic (i-pH ephansi), ibhalansi yamakhemikhali ishintshela ekwakhiweni kwegesi ye-HCN. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokubeka izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukutholakala kwama-ion amahhala e-cyanide, adingekayo ekuncibilikiseni igolide nesiliva.

Ngegolide elisebenza kahle futhi Ukukhishwa kwesiliva, ikhambi kufanele ligcinwe esimweni se-alkaline. Lapho i-pH iphakeme, i-cyanide ihlale isesimweni sayo se-ionic, eyivumela ukuthi yakhe izakhiwo ezizinzile ezinegolide nesiliva. Phakathi nenqubo yokucwilisa, ama-ion e-hydroxide akhiqizwa, aphinde abe nomthelela e-alkalinity yesisombululo.

Ukunquma Ibanga Le-pH Elilungile

Izifundo eziningi kanye nezinqubo zezimboni zihlonze ibanga le-pH elilungile lalo Ukukhishwa kwe-Cyanide. Ngokuvamile, inani le-pH elingaphezu kuka-10.5 libhekwa njengelibalulekile, futhi imisebenzi eminingi ihlose ukugcina i-pH phakathi kuka-11 no-12. Nasi isizathu:

• Ukukhulisa Ukuncibilika Kwegolide: Ku-pH ngaphakathi kwalolu bubanzi, izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide liyathuthukiswa. Ukuchezuka kulobu bubanzi kungaholela ekwehleni okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhipha. Isibonelo, uma i-pH yehla ngaphansi kuka-10.5. ukwakheka kwegesi ye-HCN kunciphisa ukugcwala kwama-ion amahhala e-cyanide, kunciphisa ukusabela ngegolide.

• Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Cyanide: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cyanide kuhlobene eduze nezinga le-pH. Amanani aphansi we-pH angabangela ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide njengoba i-cyanide ingasasebenzi kahle ekwakheni izakhiwo. Ngokugcina i-pH ephezulu, ukuzinza kwe-cyanide complexes kuyaqinisekiswa, kunciphisa okungadingekile Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide.

• Ukucatshangelwa Kwezokuphepha: Ngokombono wezokuphepha, ukugcina i-pH ingaphezulu kuka-10.5 kubalulekile. Igesi ye-HCN inobuthi ngokwedlulele, futhi ngisho nenani elincane lingabulala. Ngokulawula i-pH phakathi kwebanga elinconywayo, ukwakheka kwale gesi eyingozi kuyancishiswa, kuvikelwe impilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi ezimayini nasezikhungweni zokumba.

Izinto Ezithonya I-pH Elungile

• Ukwakhiwa Kwe-Ore: Ama-ore ahlukene angase aqukathe ukungcola okuhlukahlukene namaminerali angathinta i-pH elungile. Isibonelo, insimbi enesulfure ephezulu ingase idinge ukulungiswa kwe-pH okuhluke kancane, njengoba izingxube eziqukethe isibabule zingasabela ngesisombululo se-cyanide futhi zibe nomthelela kuyo yonke indawo yamakhemikhali.

• Temperature: Izinga lokushisa lenqubo ye-leaching lingaphinda libe nomthelela ku-pH elungile. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha, ukunyibilika komoyampilo kanye nezinga lokusabela kwamakhemikhali kuyashintshwa. Ngokuvamile, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-self-hydrolysis ye-cyanide iyanda, futhi ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo kuncipha. Lokhu kungase kudinge ukulungiswa kancane kwe-pH ukuze kugcinwe izimo zokuleaching ezilungile. Kodwa-ke, izinqubo eziningi ze-cyanide leaching zenziwa emazingeni okushisa asendaweni (cishe 15 - 30 °C) ukuze kugwenywe ukubola kwe-cyanide ngokweqile nokulahlekelwa umoya-mpilo.

Izindlela zokulawula i-pH

• I-Lime (CaO) ne-Caustic Soda (NaOH): Lawa ama-reagents asetshenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa nokugcina i-pH ku-cyanide leaching. Umcako, lapho ufakwa emanzini, wenza i-calcium hydroxide, esabela nezingxenye ezine-asidi esixazululweni ukwandisa i-pH. I-Caustic soda (NaOH), isisekelo esiqinile, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuphakamisa i-pH ngokushesha. Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu kokubili kuncike ezintweni ezifana nezindleko, ukutholakala, kanye nezidingo ezithile zensimbi ecutshungulwayo.

• Izinzwa ze-pH: Ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwe-pH okunembile, imisebenzi yesimanje yezimayini incike kuzinzwa ze-pH ezithuthukisiwe. Lezi zinzwa zingakwazi ukuqapha ngokuqhubekayo i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching futhi zinikeze idatha yesikhathi sangempela. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, ama-opharetha angalungisa ukungezwa kwama-pH - ama-reagents alawulayo ukuze kugcinwe ibanga le-pH elilungile.

Sengiphetha, inani le-pH elilungile le-cyanide leaching lisebangeni elingu-11 - 12. Leli nani linqunywa inhlanganisela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali, izidingo zokuphepha, kanye nesidingo sokukhipha igolide nesiliva ngendlela efanele. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela i-pH namanye amapharamitha, izinkampani zezimayini zingakhuphula ukutholwa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu kuyilapho zinciphisa ubungozi bemvelo nokuphepha.