Tsangwama gama gari a cikin Binciken Titration na Sodium Cyanide

Gabatarwa

Titration bincike na sodium cyanide hanya ce mai mahimmanci a cikin ilmin sunadarai, musamman a masana'antu kamar hakar ma'adinai, lantarki, da masana'antar sinadarai. Koyaya, kasancewar abubuwa daban-daban masu shiga tsakani na iya tasiri sosai ga daidaito da amincin sakamakon titration. Fahimtar waɗannan tsangwama na gama-gari yana da mahimmanci don samun daidaitattun bayanai masu aminci.

Ƙarfe ions a matsayin Abubuwan Tsangwama

Heavy Metal ions

Nauyin ƙarfe masu nauyi kamar jan karfe (Cu²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺), da nickel (Ni²⁺) na iya samar da barga masu ƙarfi tare da cyanide ions. Misali, ions jan karfe suna amsawa da cyanide don samar da hadaddun cyanide na jan karfe irin su [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ da [Cu(CN)₄]³⁻. Wadannan hadaddun halayen samuwar suna cinye ion cyanide, wanda ke haifar da rashin kima na ainihin sodium Cyanide abun ciki a lokacin titration. A cikin mafita na lantarki, wanda sau da yawa ya ƙunshi jan ƙarfe da zinc tare da Sodium cyanide, ana iya bayyana wannan tsangwama musamman.

Iron Ions

Iron ions (Fe³⁺ da Fe²⁺) kuma na iya tsoma baki tare da titration na sodium cyanide. A cikin matsakaiciyar acidic, Fe³⁺ na iya amsawa tare da ions cyanide don samar da ƙarfe daban-daban - rukunin cyanide, irin su sanannun shuɗin Prussian - kamar mahadi. Wadannan halayen na iya cinye ions cyanide kuma su rushe stoichiometry na amsawar titration tsakanin ions na azurfa (wanda aka fi amfani dashi a cikin titration na cyanide) da ions cyanide. Bugu da ƙari, a gaban iskar oxygen, Fe²⁺ na iya zama oxidized zuwa Fe³⁺, yana ƙara dagula yanayin tsangwama.

Matsalolin Anionic

Sulfide ions

Sulfide ions (S²⁻) abubuwa ne na yau da kullun masu shiga tsakani a cikin titration na sodium cyanide. A cikin matsakaici na alkaline, idan sulfide yana nan, zai iya amsawa tare da ions hydrogen daga yanayin acidic da aka yi amfani da su a wasu hanyoyin titration (ko samar da iskar hydrogen sulfide wanda zai iya ƙara amsawa). Mafi mahimmanci, sulfide na iya amsawa tare da ions na azurfa (amfani da azurfa - nitrate - tushen cyanide titration) don samar da sulfide na azurfa (Ag₂S) hazo. Wannan ba wai kawai yana cinye ions na azurfa ba har ma yana rufe ƙarshen titration, saboda samuwar baƙar fata Ag₂S na iya tsoma baki tare da ganowar gani na azurfa - hadaddun cyanide - tushen ƙarshen.

Thiocyanate ions

Thiocyanate ions (SCN⁻) na iya kasancewa a matsayin tsangwama, musamman a cikin samfurori inda akwai wani gefe - amsawa ko gurɓatawa. ions na Thiocyanate na iya amsawa tare da ions na azurfa don samar da thiocyanate na azurfa (AgSCN) hazo. A cikin titration na sodium cyanide inda ake amfani da nitrate na azurfa a matsayin titrant, samuwar AgSCN na iya haifar da ƙima na abun ciki na cyanide idan ba a yi la'akari da shi yadda ya kamata ba, kamar yadda ions na azurfa ke cinyewa a cikin samuwar azurfa biyu - cyanide complexes da azurfa thiocyanate precipitate.

Sauran Abubuwa Masu Tsangwama

Abubuwan Halitta

wasu kwayoyin mahadi iya tsoma baki tare da sodium cyanide titration. Alal misali, wasu aldehydes da ketones na iya amsawa tare da ions cyanide a cikin ƙarar nucleophilic a ƙarƙashin yanayi masu dacewa. Wannan halayen yana cinye ions cyanide kuma don haka yana rinjayar sakamakon titration. A cikin samfurori daga hanyoyin masana'antu inda abubuwan halitta suke, kamar a cikin wasu ruwa mai daskarewa daga tsire-tsire masu guba waɗanda zasu iya ƙunsar duka sodium cyanide da gurɓataccen ƙwayar cuta, tsangwama daga waɗannan mahadi na halitta yana buƙatar yin la'akari da hankali.

Oxidizing da Rage Agents

Ma'aikatan Oxidizing na iya oxidize ions cyanide. Misali, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) na iya amsawa tare da ions cyanide don samar da ion cyanate (CNO⁻) ko wasu samfuran da aka lalata. Wannan haɓakar iskar oxygen ta rage adadin cyanide da ake samu don titration, yana haifar da ma'auni mara kyau na abun ciki na cyanide sodium. A gefe guda kuma, rage yawan wakilai na iya tsoma baki. Alal misali, abubuwa kamar sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) na iya amsawa tare da ions na azurfa a cikin azurfa - nitrate - tushen titration, rage su zuwa ƙarfe na azurfa ko ƙananan - oxidation - nau'in azurfa na jihar, wanda ke rushe tsarin titration na al'ada.

Kammalawa

A cikin sodium cyanide titration bincike, Ƙarfe ions, anions irin su sulfide da thiocyanate, kwayoyin halitta, da oxidizing ko rage jami'ai sune abubuwa na yau da kullum. Don samun ingantaccen sakamakon titration, ya zama dole a ɗauki matakan da suka dace don kawar da ko rage tasirin waɗannan kutse. Wannan na iya ƙunsar samfurin dabarun gyaran fuska kamar tacewa, hakar, ko amfani da abubuwan rufe fuska. Fahimtar waɗannan tsangwama shine mataki na farko don inganta daidaito da amincin bincike na titration na sodium cyanide a cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu da na nazari daban-daban.