Qhov concentration ratio thaum siv sodium cyanide

Introduction

sodium cyanide (NaCN), ib qho tshuaj lom heev tsis tau muaj kev lag luam tseem ceeb, yog siv dav hauv ntau yam xws li kub mining thiab electroplating. Kev tswj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm nws qhov concentration piv thaum lub sij hawm thov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov txheej txheem ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb. Tsab ntawv no delves rau hauv Concentration ratios of Sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv sib txawv siv scenarios.

Concentration Ratios hauv Gold Mining

Cyanidation Leaching txheej txheem

1.In Stirred Tank Leaching

• Nyob rau hauv lub stirred tank leaching txoj kev rau kub extraction, raug concentration ntawm Sodium Cyanide nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj leaching yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.01% - 0.1% (w / v). Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov loj-scale kub mines, thaum soj ntsuam nrog ores ntawm nruab nrab kub ntsiab lus thiab haum mineralogical yam ntxwv, a sodium cyanide Cov concentration ntawm ib ncig ntawm 0.05% feem ntau yog siv. Qhov concentration no txaus kom yaj kub los ntawm kev tsim cov kub soluble - cyanide complexes los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj kub, sodium cyanide, oxygen, thiab dej.

• Lub concentration yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj xyuas nyob rau hauv no ntau yam. Yog tias qhov concentration tsawg dhau, qhov leaching tus nqi ntawm kub yuav txo qis, ua rau lub sij hawm leaching ntev dua thiab txo qhov kub rov qab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias qhov concentration siab dhau lawm, nws tsis yog tsuas yog nce nqi xwb tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb.

2.In Heap Leaching

• Heap leaching yog lwm txoj hauv kev hauv kev khawb kub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov qib qis. Cov concentration ntawm sodium cyanide siv nyob rau hauv heap leaching yog feem ntau qis dua li nyob rau hauv stirred tank leaching, feem ntau nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 0.005% - 0.03% (w / v). Txij li thaum kev sib cuag ntawm cov ore thiab leaching tov nyob rau hauv heap leaching yog kuj looser piv rau stirred tank leaching, ib tug qis concentration yog txaus los pib lub Cov txheej txheem leaching. Piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov qhib - qhov kub mines qhov twg qib ore nyob ib puag ncig 1 - 3 g / t, sodium cyanide concentration ntawm li 0.01% tuaj yeem siv.

• Txawm li cas los xij, yam xws li permeability ntawm ore heap, muaj lwm yam minerals uas yuav haus cyanide (xws li tooj liab - bearing minerals), thiab huab cua tej yam kev mob yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov pom kev concentration. Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj dej nag ntau, cov tshuaj leaching tej zaum yuav diluted, yuav tsum tau kho kom haum ntawm sodium cyanide concentration.

Concentration Ratios hauv Electroplating

1.In Copper Cyanide Plating

• Nyob rau hauv tooj liab cyanide electroplating da dej, sodium cyanide ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug complexing neeg sawv cev. Qhov concentration ntawm sodium cyanide hauv cov da dej no feem ntau yog li ntawm 15 - 60 g / L. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem tooj liab cyanide electroplating txheej txheem rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, sodium cyanide concentration yuav nyob ib ncig ntawm 30 g / L. Qhov kev xav tau no pab tsim cov tooj liab ruaj khov - cyanide complexes, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tso nyiaj tsis zoo ntawm tooj liab rau ntawm substrate. Cov tooj liab - cyanide complex dissociates ntawm lub cathode, tso cai rau tooj liab ions raug txo thiab tso.

• Yog hais tias cov sodium cyanide concentration tsawg dhau lawm, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tooj liab - cyanide complex yog txo, ua rau tsis sib xws deposition thiab pluag - zoo coatings. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias lub concentration yog siab dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau ntau complexation, uas ua rau ib tug qeeb deposition tus nqi thiab tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem nrog lub adhesion ntawm txheej.

2.In Kub Electroplating

• Nyob rau hauv kub electroplating, sodium cyanide kuj yog siv rau complex kub ions. Qhov concentration ntawm sodium cyanide hauv kub electroplating da dej tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Rau nyias - zaj duab xis kub electroplating, sodium cyanide concentration yuav nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 5 - 20 g / L. Qee qhov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau muaj cov nyiaj tso nyiaj ntau dua, qhov concentration yuav raug kho siab dua, tab sis feem ntau tsis tshaj 50 g / L.

• Qhov concentration ntawm sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv kub electroplating cuam tshuam tus nqi deposition, purity ntawm kub deposit, thiab cov tsos ntawm cov plated txheej. Yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm electroplating cov txiaj ntsig, xws li lub teeb ci, du, thiab ua raws li kub txheej.

Yam Uas Muaj Feem Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Cuam Tshuam

1.Nyob ntawm cov Ore los yog Substrate

• Hauv kev khawb kub, qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov ore ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm sodium cyanide concentration. Ores nrog siab - cov ntsiab lus ntawm tooj liab, zinc, lossis lwm yam hlau hauv paus tuaj yeem haus cyanide thaum lub sij hawm leaching. Piv txwv li, tooj liab tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog cyanide los ua tooj liab - cyanide complexes, yog li txo cov nyiaj dawb cyanide muaj rau cov kub dissolution. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, qhov pib siab dua ntawm sodium cyanide yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj peev xwm cyanide rau kev rho tawm kub.

• Hauv electroplating, hom substrate kuj cuam tshuam rau sodium cyanide concentration. Cov hlau sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov chemistry, thiab qee qhov substrates yuav xav tau cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm cyanide - muaj cov da dej kom ua tiav adhesion zoo thiab plating zoo. Piv txwv li, thaum plating ntawm tej alloys, ib tug ntau dua concentration ntawm sodium cyanide tej zaum yuav xav tau los txhawb lub tsim ntawm ib tug ruaj khov daim ntawv cog lus ntawm lub plating txheej thiab lub substrate.

2. Txheej txheem txheej txheem

• Kub thiab pH yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov sib piv concentration. Nyob rau hauv cyanidation leaching ntawm kub, ib tug me ntsis alkaline pH (feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 9 - 11) yog tswj los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov tshuaj lom hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). Cov pH tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais ntawm sodium cyanide thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov hlau - cyanide complexes. Kev kub siab dua tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si kub leaching thiab electroplating, tab sis kuj yuav ua rau muaj zog cyanide noj. Qee qhov xwm txheej, qhov ntsuas kub siab yuav tsum tau txo qis hauv thawj zaug sodium cyanide concentration kom tsis txhob dhau - complexation lossis ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

• Lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen kuj cuam tshuam rau cov concentration ratios, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kub leaching. Cov pa oxygen yog xav tau rau oxidation ntawm kub los ua cov kub soluble - cyanide complexes. Lub concentration ntawm yaj oxygen nyob rau hauv lub leaching tov yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib tug tsim nyog piv nrog rau cov sodium cyanide concentration. Kev siv cov pa oxygen tsis txaus tuaj yeem txo qis tus nqi leaching, thaum cov pa ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau oxidation ntawm cyanide tsawg dua - hom tsiaj.

Kev txiav txim siab txog kev nyab xeeb txog kev xav

1. Toxicity Risks

• Sodium cyanide yog tshuaj lom heev, thiab txawm tias qhov kev hloov me me ntawm cov concentration tuaj yeem muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev nyab xeeb. Qhov siab dua ntawm sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov pa phem hydrogen cyanide gas, uas tuaj yeem tso tawm thaum sodium cyanide reacts nrog acids lossis nyob rau hauv qee yam pH. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog, suav nrog roj - nruj suits, lub tshuab ua pa, thiab hnab looj tes, thaum tuav cov kev daws teeb meem nrog ib qho concentration ntawm sodium cyanide.

• Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev huam yuaj los yog xau, qhov concentration ntawm sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv cov kua uas nchuav los txiav txim seb lub peev xwm txaus ntshai. Cov phiaj xwm teb xwm ceev yuav tsum nyob hauv qhov chaw, thiab qhov tsim nyog nruab nrab lossis ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug siab - concentration sodium cyanide tov, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm ib tug neutralizing neeg sawv cev (xws li lub hauv paus muaj zog los kho pH thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm HCN) yuav tsum tau.

2. Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig

• Cov concentration ntawm sodium cyanide hauv cov dej khib nyiab tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam yog nruj me ntsis tswj. High - concentration sodium cyanide hauv dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev rau cov dej hauv dej thiab ib puag ncig. Txoj kev kho kom raug, xws li tshuaj oxidation (siv txoj kev zoo li cov txheej txheem alkaline chlorination) los hloov cov cyanide kom tsawg - cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj lom, yog qhov tsim nyog. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev kho mob no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov pib concentration ntawm sodium cyanide hauv dej khib nyiab. Siab dua - cov dej khib nyiab ntau dua yuav xav tau cov kauj ruam kho ntau dua lossis cov tshuaj kho ntau dua kom ua tau raws li cov qauv tso tawm ib puag ncig.

xaus

Cov concentration ntawm sodium cyanide hauv nws daim ntawv thov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kub mining thiab electroplating, yog ua tib zoo txiav txim siab raws li ntau yam. Cov xwm txheej no suav nrog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom raug ua tiav, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, thiab kev nyab xeeb thiab kev xav txog ib puag ncig. Kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm sodium cyanide concentration yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm zoo, ua kom cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Kev lag luam uas siv sodium cyanide yuav tsum tsis tu ncua saib xyuas thiab kho qhov sib piv ntawm cov concentration kom tau raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv thiab ua raws li kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig cov cai.