pH Tus nqi tswj ntawm Sodium Cyanide Solution hauv Heap Leaching rau Kub Extraction

1. Introduction

Kev rho tawm kub ntawm cov pob zeb me me yog ib txoj kev siv ntau heev rau kev rho kub ntawm cov pob zeb qib qis. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov tshuaj Sodium cyanide feem ntau siv ua tus neeg sawv cev rho tawm kub. Ntawm ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev rho tawm kub, kev tswj tus nqi pH ntawm Sodium Cyanide Solution yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

2. Chemical Principles hauv qab pH tus nqi tswj

2.1 Kub Dissolution Reaction

Thaum siv cov tshuaj Sodium Cyanide los ntxuav kub, muaj kev tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline, qhov kev tshuaj tiv thaiv no zoo dua. Thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov cyanide ions hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib cuam tshuam nrog kub. Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam no ua rau muaj cov kub yaj - cyanide complexes, uas ua rau muaj peev xwm rho tawm kub ntawm cov hlau.

2.2 Cyanide Stability thiab pH

Cyanide muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev equilibrium nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Cyanide tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog hydrogen ions tam sim no hauv cov tshuaj. Thaum cov tshuaj acidic ntau dua (qis pH qhov tseem ceeb), qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau tsim cov hydrogen cyanide, cov pa roj uas muaj kuab lom heev. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog ua rau poob ntawm cyanide, nce kev noj cov tshuaj leaching, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm vim muaj tshuaj lom ntawm hydrogen cyanide. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj xyuas qhov tsim nyog alkaline pH tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws pab txo qis kev tsim cov roj hydrogen cyanide thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cyanide hauv kev daws kom tau txais txiaj ntsig kub leaching.

3. Qhov zoo tshaj pH tus nqi ntau

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm Heap Leaching rau Kub Extraction siv sodium cyanide kua, qhov zoo tshaj plaws pH ntau yam yog suav tias yog ntawm 10 thiab 11.5.

3.1 pH Hauv qab Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws

Yog tias tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj sodium cyanide poob qis dua 10. ob peb qhov tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim. Ua ntej, tus nqi uas kub yaj yuav poob qis heev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kub thiab cyanide ions dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo, ua rau txo qis kev rho tawm ntawm cov kub los ntawm cov ore. Qhov thib ob, raws li tau hais dhau los, kev tsim cov roj hydrogen cyanide yuav nce ntxiv. Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw mining thiab tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm qhov qis pH qhov tseem ceeb, qee qhov impurities hauv cov ore yuav yaj tau yooj yim dua, cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov kub - cyanide complexes thiab ntxiv txo qhov kub leaching tus nqi.

3.2 pH saum toj no qhov Optimal Range

Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kub thiab cyanide ions tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline, yog tias tus nqi pH siab dhau (siab tshaj 11.5), cov teeb meem kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Ntau dhau alkalinity tuaj yeem ua rau nag lossis daus ntawm qee cov hlau hydroxides. Piv txwv li, hlau ions xws li hlau, txhuas, thiab calcium uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ore tuaj yeem tsim cov hydroxides insoluble. Cov insoluble hydroxides no tuaj yeem pleev xim rau saum npoo ntawm cov ore hais. Cov txheej txheej txheej no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev sib cuag ntawm cov tshuaj sodium cyanide thiab cov kub - cov khoom muaj nqis, yog li txo qhov kub leaching tus nqi. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig pH siab dua yuav xav tau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntau cov tshuaj alkaline, ua rau tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem.

4. Cov txheej txheem rau kev hloov kho tus nqi pH

4.1 Txiv qaub (Calcium Hydroxide)

Txiv qaub ntsuab yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj siv feem ntau rau kev kho qhov pH ntawm cov kua sodium cyanide hauv kev ntxuav heap. Thaum ntxiv txiv qaub ntsuab rau hauv cov kua, nws ua rau dej tsis haum. Qhov kev ua no tso tawm cov hydroxide ions, uas ua rau pH ntawm cov kua nce ntxiv, ua rau nws muaj alkaline ntau dua. Txiv qaub ntsuab pheej yig thiab yooj yim nrhiav tau, uas ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau kev ua haujlwm ntxuav heap loj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv txiv qaub ntsuab, yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau nws cov koob tshuaj. Kev ntxiv txiv qaub ntsuab ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li kev tsim cov nplai hauv cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv. Qhov no yog vim tias calcium hauv txiv qaub ntsuab tuaj yeem ua rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide hauv cov kua los tsim cov calcium carbonate.

4.2 Soda (Sodium hydroxide)

Sodium hydroxide yog lwm qhov zoo pH - kho tus neeg sawv cev. Thaum ntxiv rau cov tshuaj sodium cyanide, nws dissociates hauv dej. Qhov kev sib cais no tso tawm hydroxide ions, uas tuaj yeem nce pH tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj sai sai. Piv rau txiv qaub, sodium hydroxide muaj pH sai dua thiab meej dua - kho cov nyhuv. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsum tau hloov kho sai thiab raug ntawm tus nqi pH, xws li hauv chav kuaj - kev sim ntsuas lossis qee qhov kev ua haujlwm me me ntawm heap leaching. Txawm li cas los xij, sodium hydroxide kuj tseem kim dua li txiv qaub, uas tuaj yeem txwv nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam loj.

5. Kev saib xyuas thiab tswj pH tus nqi

5.1 pH sensors

Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj sodium cyanide hauv cov txheej txheem heap leaching tseem nyob hauv qhov kev pom zoo, pH sensors feem ntau siv rau kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm. pH sensors yog cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem ntes cov concentration ntawm hydrogen ions hauv cov tshuaj. Lawv hloov qhov concentration no rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob sib raug, uas yog tom qab ntawd nthuav tawm raws li tus nqi pH. Cov sensors no feem ntau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv lub heap leaching system, xws li nyob rau hauv lub leaching tov cia tso tsheb hlau luam, cov kav dej rau xa cov leaching tov rau lub heap, thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub heap tom qab leaching txheej txheem. Los ntawm kev saib xyuas tus nqi pH tsis tu ncua, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv cov kev ntsuas kom raug.

5.2 Automated Control Systems

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub heap leaching kev khiav hauj lwm, automated tswj systems yog feem ntau integrated nrog pH sensors kom tiav ntau meej thiab npaum pH tus nqi tswj. Cov txheej txheem tswj kev tswj hwm no tuaj yeem tsim kho kom hloov kho qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm pH - kho cov neeg ua haujlwm (xws li txiv qaub lossis dej qab zib) raws li cov ntaub ntawv pH tus nqi tiag tiag los ntawm cov sensors. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj poob qis qis dua qhov kev txwv qis, qhov kev tswj hwm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav nce tus nqi ntawm cov kua qaub slurry lossis sodium hydroxide tov ntxiv rau cov tshuaj leaching kom nce tus nqi pH. Hloov pauv, yog tias tus nqi pH siab tshaj qhov txwv siab, lub kaw lus yuav txo qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm pH - kho tus neeg sawv cev. Txoj kev tswj hwm qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm pH tus nqi tswj tab sis kuj txo qis kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem heap leaching.

6. xaus

Nyob rau hauv heap leaching rau kub extraction siv sodium cyanide tov, nruj tswj hwm tus nqi pH ntawm cov tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Qhov zoo tshaj pH tus nqi nyob nruab nrab ntawm 10 thiab 11.5 ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kub yaj, txo qis cyanide noj, thiab lav kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig. Los ntawm kev siv cov pH tsim nyog - kho cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo li txiv qaub thiab dej qab zib, thiab ua raws li kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm thiab kev tswj xyuas kev tswj hwm los ntawm pH sensors thiab kev tswj hwm lub tshuab, cov tuam txhab mining tuaj yeem txhim kho cov txheej txheem heap leaching, txhim kho cov nqi rov qab, thiab txo cov nqi khiav lag luam. Raws li qhov kev thov rau kub tseem nce ntxiv, kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab txhim kho hauv pH tus nqi tswj kev siv tshuab yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam kub mining.