Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Mineral Processing Chemicals

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala ofunikira m'malo a mineral processing, ngakhale kuti ndi poizoni kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake kapadera kamankhwala kamathandiza kuti azigwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ntchito ndi ntchito za sodium cyanide mu mineral processing.

Ma Chemical Properties a Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide ndi ufa woyera, crystalline ndi kukomoka, amondi fungo owawa. Ndiwosungunuka kwambiri m'madzi ndipo ndi hygroscopic, kutanthauza kuti imatenga chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga. Mu njira yamadzimadzi, imasiyanitsidwa kukhala ayoni a sodium (Na⁺) ndi ayoni a cyanide (CN⁻). Cyanide ion ndiye mtundu wofunikira kwambiri womwe umapangitsa kuti ntchito zake zizigwiranso ntchito pakukonza mchere. Ili ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu wa ayoni ena achitsulo, omwe amapanga maziko a ntchito zake.

Udindo pa Kukumba Golide ndi Siliva

Kutulutsa Golide

Chimodzi mwazodziwika bwino ntchito za Sodium Cyanide mu mineral processing ndi mu kutulutsa golide. Njirayi imachokera ku mfundo yakuti golidi akhoza kupanga zovuta zokhazikika ndi ma cyanide ions pamaso pa mpweya. Zomwe zimachitika zonse zitha kuyimiridwa motere:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Pochita izi, golide amathiridwa ndi okosijeni kenako amapanga chosungunuka chosungunuka, sodium aurocyanide (Na[Au(CN)₂]). Vutoli limatha kupatulidwa ndi matrix ore, nthawi zambiri kudzera munjira yotsatsira kaboni wolumikizidwa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito fumbi la zinc pomanga simenti kuti golideyo agwe.

The ntchito Sodium cyanide mu m'zigawo golide amapereka angapo ubwino. Ndiotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zina. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri, yomwe imatha kubweza golide ku miyala yamtengo wapatali. Mwachitsanzo, pa ntchito zazikulu za migodi ya golidi monga ku South Africa ndi Australia, cyanide leaching imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golidi kumadzetsanso nkhawa zachilengedwe komanso chitetezo chifukwa cha kawopsedwe.

Kutulutsa Siliva

Mofanana ndi golide, siliva amathanso kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Siliva imapanga chosungunuka chosungunuka ndi ma cyanide ions, monga Na[Ag(CN)₂]. Njira yochotsera siliva ndi yofanana ndi ya golidi, yomwe imaphatikizapo kutulutsa miyala ndi cyanide - yomwe ili ndi yankho. Njirayi ndiyothandiza pochotsa siliva kumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya siliva - yokhala ndi ores, kuphatikiza argentite (Ag₂S) ndi nyanga yasiliva (AgCl).

Udindo Pakulekanitsa Chitsulo ndi Kuyeretsa

Selective Dissolution

Sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posankha zitsulo zina kuchokera ku mchere wosakaniza. Mwachitsanzo, mu miyala yamtengo wapatali yokhala ndi mkuwa, zinki, ndi zitsulo zina pamodzi ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungunula golide ndi siliva mwapadera ndikusiya zitsulo zina kumbuyo. Kusankha kumeneku kumatengera kukhazikika kwachitsulo - cyanide complexes. Kukhazikika kwazitsulo - ma cyanide complexes amasiyana, ndi golidi ndi siliva kupanga maofesi okhazikika, pamene zitsulo zina zoyambira zimapanga zovuta zosakhazikika pansi pazifukwa zina.

Mwachitsanzo, muzitsulo zamkuwa - golide, mkuwa ukhoza kuchotsedwa koyamba ndi njira zina monga kuyandama kapena leaching acid. Kenako, sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa golide wotsalayo. Kusungunuka kosankha kumeneku kumapangitsa kulekanitsa bwino ndi kuyeretsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku ores ovuta.

Kuvuta kwa Kuyeretsedwa

Zitsulo zachitsulo - cyanide zikapangidwa, zimatha kukonzedwanso kuti ziyeretsedwe. Mwachitsanzo, pankhani ya kutulutsa golide, pambuyo popanga Na[Au(CN)₂], zovutazo zimatha kupatulidwa ndi zonyansa mu yankho. Zovuta za cyanide zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi chochepetsera kuti agwetse golide weniweni. Nthawi zina, zitsulo - cyanide complexes angagwiritsidwe ntchito njira electroplating. Mu electroplating, zitsulo - cyanide complex zimakhala ngati gwero la ayoni zitsulo. Ma cyanide ions muzovuta amathandizira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwachitsulo pagawo laling'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zikhale zofananira komanso zomatira.

Kuganizira Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

Ngakhale kuti ndi othandiza pakukonza mchere, sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri. Ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono akhoza kupha ngati atalowetsedwa, atakoka mpweya, kapena atalowetsedwa pakhungu. M'chilengedwe, ngati sodium cyanide itatulutsidwa, imatha kuwononga zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zapadziko lapansi. Cyanide imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi madzi kupanga hydrogen cyanide (HCN), mpweya wotentha kwambiri komanso wapoizoni.

Kuchepetsa zoopsazi, chitetezo chokhwima ndi malamulo achilengedwe amalamulira kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kasungidwe, ndi kayendedwe ka sodium cyanide m'makampani opanga mchere. Malo osungiramo migodi ndi pokonza zinthu ayenera kukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zosungiramo ndi chithandizo kuti asatulutse cyanide - yomwe ili ndi zinyalala. Mwachitsanzo, njira zochizira monga alkaline chlorination, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, ndi sulfure dioxide - air oxidation amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphwanya cyanide m'madzi onyansa asanatulutsidwe.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunikira pakukonza mchere, makamaka pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva komanso kulekanitsa zitsulo ndi kuyeretsa. Kukhoza kwake kupanga ma complexes okhazikika ndi ayoni ena achitsulo kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yothandiza. Komabe, kuopsa kwake koopsa kumafunikira chitetezo chokhazikika komanso kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe. Pamene ntchito ya migodi ikupitabe patsogolo, pali kufunika kokulirapo kuti pakhale njira zina zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa zotsatira zofanana popanda kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Komabe, pakadali pano, sodium cyanide ikadali mankhwala ofunikira m'gulu la zida zopangira mchere, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa polimbana ndi kufunikira kwa chitetezo ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.