Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mpweya Woyambitsa Kuchotsa Cyanide Yaulere (CN-) m'madzi a Waste

Introduction

Madzi otayira m'mafakitale nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za poizoni, zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi Free cyanide (CN−) chifukwa cha poizoni wake wambiri. Ngakhale pang'ono, cyanide imatha kupha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithandizo cha madzi otayira omwe ali ndi madzi otayira chikhale vuto lalikulu pa chilengedwe. Pali malamulo okhwima oletsa kutulutsa kwa cyanide - madzi otayira, cholinga chake si kukwaniritsa zofunikira zokha komanso kubwezeretsa cyanide yochuluka momwe zingathere kuchokera ku zinyalala ndi zinyalala za fakitale. Activated Carbon yakhala ngati chinthu chodalirika chochotsera cyanide yaulere m'madzi otayira, ndipo nkhaniyi ifufuza momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito, njira zake, ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mwatsatanetsatane.

Magwero a Cyanide mu Wastewater

Kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi onyansa makamaka kumachokera kumafakitale monga electroplating, cyanide - zochokera ku golidi, kutsuka gasi ndi madzi ozizira mu uvuni wa coke ndi ng'anjo zophulika, komanso mafakitale ena amankhwala, mineral processing, labala opangira, fiber, ndi utoto. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi oyipawa kumatha kuchoka pa 1 - 180 mg/L kapena kupitilira apo.

Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Carbon Pochotsa Cyanide Yaulere

Physical Adsorption

Kaboni yogwira ntchito ili ndi kapangidwe kake kamene kali ndi ma microporous komanso malo akeake akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 500 mpaka 3000 m²/g. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapatsa mphamvu zokoka madzi. Ma ioni a cyanide m'madzi otayira amatha kukoka madzi pamwamba pa Kaboni Yogwira Ntchito kudzera mu mphamvu za van der Waals. Malo akuluakuluwa amapereka malo ambiri okoka madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti cyanide igwire bwino ntchito.

Chemical Adsorption ndi Catalytic Oxidation

Kuphatikiza pa kutsatsa kwakuthupi, activated carbon imathanso kutenga nawo gawo pamachitidwe amankhwala. Mpweya woyatsa umatulutsa mpweya ndi madzi m'madzi otayidwa, ukhoza kupanga hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) pamwamba pake, ndi mpweya womwe umagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira. Pamaso pa mchere wamkuwa, H₂O₂ yopangidwa imatha kutulutsa okosijeni ndikuwola cyanide. The reaction mechanism ndi:

1. M'badwo wa H₂O₂: Oxygen ndi madzi zimakokedwa pamtunda wopangidwa ndi mpweya kuti apange H₂O₂.

2. Oxidation ya cyanide: Cyanide imapangidwa ndi okosijeni ndi H₂O₂ pansi pa mphamvu yamchere yamkuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa cyanide kukhala zinthu zosavulaza.

Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuchotsa Mwachangu kwa Mpweya Wogwiritsa Ntchito

Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide Koyamba

Kuchulukirachulukira kwa cyanide yaulere m'madzi otayidwa kumachulukirachulukira, m'pamenenso mphamvu yothamangitsira imachulukirachulukira. Komabe, popeza mphamvu ya adsorption ya carbon activated imakhala yochepa, pamene ndende yoyamba iposa mtengo wina, kuchotsa bwino sikungachuluke mofanana. M'kafukufuku wina, zapezeka kuti pakuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya cyanide, kuchuluka kwa cyanide komwe kumatsatiridwa pagawo lililonse la kaboni wolumikizidwa kumayamba kumawonjezeka kenako ndikutsika.

PH Mtengo

Phindu la pH la madzi onyansa limakhudza kwambiri kutengeka kwa cyanide ndi activated carbon. Nthawi zambiri, pansi pa acidic, mphamvu ya adsorption ya activated carbon ya cyanide imakhala yochepa. Pamene mtengo wa pH ukuwonjezeka, mphamvu ya adsorption imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Pamene pH ili mumtundu wa alkaline, makamaka pamwamba pa 11. mlingo wochotsa cyanide ukhoza kufika kupitirira 95% mkati mwa mphindi 30 nthawi zina. Izi ndichifukwa choti mawonekedwe a cyanide mu yankho amasintha ndi pH, ndipo mawonekedwe a ayoni a cyanide ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuti adsorption pa activated carbon pansi pamikhalidwe yamchere.

kutentha

Kutengera kwa cyanide ndi activated carbon ndi njira yowopsa. Pamene kutentha kumakwera, mphamvu ya adsorption nthawi zambiri imachepa. Mwachitsanzo, mkuwa - wothira mpweya wopangidwa ndi kaboni, ukasakanizidwa ndi yankho la cyanide, mphamvu ya cyanide imachepa ndi kutentha. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuwonjezeka kutentha kumalimbikitsa desorption wa adsorbed zinthu kuchokera pamwamba adamulowetsa mpweya.

Kuyambitsa Nthawi

Nthawi yokwanira yosonkhezera ndiyofunikira kuti cyanide m'madzi oyipa agwirizane mokwanira ndi mpweya wopangidwa. Pachiyambi choyamba, pamene nthawi yogwedeza ikuwonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa cyanide kumawonjezeka mofulumira. Komabe, ikafika nthawi inayake, chiwopsezo chochotsa chimakonda kukhazikika, kuwonetsa kuti njira yotsatsa yafika pamlingo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mpweya Wogwiritsa Ntchito Pochiza Cyanide - Muli Madzi Onyansa

M'makampani a Migodi ya Golide

M'migodi ya golide, makamaka m'machitidwe ochotsa golide wa cyanide, madzi ambiri otayira okhala ndi cyanide amapangidwa. Mpweya wokhazikika ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa cyanide yaulere m'madzi oipawa. Kuphatikiza pakuchotsa cyanide, activated carbon imathanso kutsatsa golide - cyanide complexes (monga Au(CN)₂⁻) m'madzi oipa. The adsorbed golide - cyanide complexes akhoza kukonzedwanso kuti apezenso golide, kukwaniritsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu.

M'makampani a Electroplating

Zomera zopangira ma electroplating nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito cyanide - zomwe zimakhala ndi mayankho pakuyika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cyanide - madzi oyipa aipitsidwe. Kuchiza kwa carbon activated kumatha kuchepetsa bwino cyanide zomwe zili m'madzi oyipa kuti zikwaniritse miyezo yotulutsa. Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochiritsira zachikhalidwe, monga chlorination yamchere, mankhwala a carbon activated ali ndi ubwino wocheperako kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri komanso kuthekera kwa kubwezeretsanso zinthu.

Kuyerekeza ndi Njira Zina Zochizira

Alkaline Chlorination

Kuthira chlorine pogwiritsa ntchito alkaline ndi njira yokhwima yowonongera cyanides m'madzi otayira. Imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi chlorine monga mpweya wa chlorine, chlorine wamadzimadzi, kapena ufa wothira bleaching kuti ipangitse cyanide kukhala carbon dioxide (CO₂) ndi nayitrogeni (N₂). Komabe, njira iyi ikhoza kubweretsa zinthu zoopsa, ndipo njira yogwirira ntchito imafuna kuwongolera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa chlorine ndi momwe zinthu zimachitikira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chithandizo cha carbon activated ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera chilengedwe yokhala ndi mphamvu yosankha cyanide ndikubwezeretsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali.

Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation

Hydrogen peroxide oxidation itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi oyipa. Itha kutulutsa cyanide pamlingo wotsika - kawopsedwe. Komabe, hydrogen peroxide ndi reagent okwera mtengo, ndipo njirayi ingafunike kuwonjezera ma reagents mosalekeza, ndikuwonjezera mtengo wamankhwala. Komano, activated carbon imakhala ndi ntchito yokhazikika ikasankhidwa bwino ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kukonzanso kwake kungaganizidwenso kuchepetsa ndalama.

Zochitika Zamtsogolo

Kukula kwa Modified Activated Carbon

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya carbon activated pochotsa cyanide yaulere, kafukufuku akuchitika pa carbon activated carbon. Mwachitsanzo, kulowetsa mpweya wa carbon ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana (monga mkuwa, chitsulo, ndi zina zotero) kungathe kupititsa patsogolo luso lake la okosijeni la cyanide. Zosiyanasiyana zitsulo - zodzaza ma carbon zitha kukonzedwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe enieni amadzi onyansa kuti akwaniritse bwino chithandizo.

Njira Zophatikiza Zochizira

Kuphatikiza chithandizo cha kaboni wochitidwa ndi njira zina zochizira ndi chizolowezi. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kulowetsedwa kwa kaboni wochitidwa ndi chithandizo chachilengedwe kungagwiritse ntchito kaboni wochitidwa kuti muchepetse cyanide yambiri m'madzi otayira kufika pamlingo woyenera kwambiri wochizira, kenako kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tiwole ndikuchotsa zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi cyanide. Njira yophatikizana iyi ingagwiritse ntchito mphamvu za njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira ndikupeza chithandizo chabwino komanso chokwanira cha Madzi Otayira.

Kutsiliza

Mpweya wokhazikika umasonyeza kuthekera kwakukulu pakuchotsa kwa cyanide yaulere (CN-) m'madzi oipa. Kupyolera mu kutengeka kwa thupi ndi machitidwe a mankhwala, imatha kuchepetsa bwino cyanide zomwe zili m'madzi onyansa, kukwaniritsa miyezo ya chilengedwe komanso kupangitsa kuti zinthu zibwezeretsedwe nthawi zina. Ngakhale pali madera ena omwe akuyenera kuwongolera, monga kukhathamiritsa kwabwino kwa adsorption ndi kuchepetsa ndalama, ndikukula kosalekeza kwa kafukufuku wokhudza kusinthidwa kwa kaboni wolumikizidwa ndi njira zophatikizira zochitira, kaboni wolumikizidwa udzakhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pochiza cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi onyansa m'tsogolomu.