Zotsatira Zakuchulukirachulukira kwa Sodium Cyanide mu Njira Yotulutsa Golide

Mu makampani opanga migodi ya golide, njira yochotsera cyanide, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide, ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochotsera golide kuchokera ku miyala . Komabe , kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri Sodium Cyanide munjira imeneyi kungayambitse mavuto ambiri , omwe amawononga chuma cha ntchito za migodi komanso chilengedwe.

1Kukwera kwa Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito

1.1 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Apamwamba

Sodium cyanide si reagent yotsika mtengo . Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka, mtengo wogulira mankhwala awa umakwera kwambiri. Migodi imafunika kugawa gawo lalikulu la bajeti yawo kuti ipeze kuchuluka kofunikira kwa sodium cyanide . Mwachitsanzo, ngati mgodi nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa MA l cyanide kwa 0.05% - 0.1% mu yankho la Leaching , koma chifukwa cha kusayendetsa bwino kapena kusamvetsetsa bwino njira yogwiritsira ntchito, kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka kufika pa 0.2%, kuchuluka kwa Sodium Cyanide komwe kumadyedwa pa unit ya ore yokonzedwa kudzawirikiza kawiri kapena katatu. Izi zimawonjezera mwachindunji ndalama zogulira mankhwala , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu la ntchito ya Migodi likhale lochepa.

1.2 Ndalama Zowonjezera Zamankhwala

Kuchuluka Sodium cyanide mu Leaching Process zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'zinyalalamadzi Kukonza madzi otayira awa kuti akwaniritse zosowa za anthuchitsulomiyezo yochotsera matenda amisala imakhala yovuta komanso yokwera mtengo. Njira zachikhalidwe zochotsera matenda amisala Kuchotsa Cyanide kuchokera ku madzi otayira, monga Chemical oxidation (kugwiritsa ntchito Chlorine or hydrogen peroxide), chithandizo chachilengedwe, kapena kusinthana kwa ma ion, zonse zimafuna zambiri othandiziramphamvu, ndi nthawi yayitali yochizira pamene Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide yakwezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu mankhwala okosijeni ndondomeko, zambiri Maofesi Othandizira ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti zithetse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'gululi CyanideIzi sizimangowonjezera mtengo wa okosijeni mankhwala komanso zingafunike zazikulu anachita zombo ndi mphamvu zambiri zosakaniza ndi kuchitapo kanthu, motero zimawonjezera ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito mu mgodi.

2. Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe

2.1 Kuipitsa madzi

2.1.1 Kusanthula kwa Zachilengedwe Zam'madziUPzochitika

Ngati sodium cyanide yochuluka ikupezeka mu ndondomeko ya Leaching , pamakhala chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha cyanide kutayikira m'madzi. Cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa zamoyo zam'madzi. Ngakhale pakakhala zochepa, imatha kuvulaza kwambiri nsomba, zamoyo zopanda mafupa, ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi. Mwachitsanzo, pankhani ya kutayikira kwa cyanide ya Baia Mare ku Romania mu 2000, dambo la tailings linaphulika linatulutsa ma cubic metres 100.000 a cyanide - madzi otayira omwe adaipitsidwa mu mitsinje ya Tisza ndi Danube. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi kunapha nsomba zambiri, kusokoneza unyolo wonse wa chakudya cha m'madzi . Zomera zam'madzi zingakhudzidwenso, chifukwa cyanide imatha kusokoneza njira zawo zopangira zithunzi ndi kupuma , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukula ndi kupanga ziwongola dzanja zichepe.

2.1.2 Kumwa Kuipitsidwa kwa Madzi

Madzi oipitsidwa ndi cyanide ochokera ku Migodi amathanso kulowa m'madzi apansi panthaka kapena kuipitsa madzi apansi panthaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi akumwa . Cyanide m'madzi akumwa ndi ngozi yaikulu ya thanzi . Ngakhale cyanide yochepa ingayambitse mavuto aakulu paumoyo monga mutu kupweteka mutu , chizungulire, ndipo pazochitika zazikulu, ikhoza kupha . Ku United States, mu 1982, ku mgodi wa Zortman-Landusky ku Montana, magaloni 52.000 a cyanide solution adatulutsa ndi kuipitsa madzi a m'nyanja omwe amapereka madzi abwino akumwa ku tawuni ya Zortman. Chochitikachi chinawonetsa kuthekera kwa kuipitsa kwa cyanide komwe kumakhudzana ndi Migodi kuyika pachiwopsezo thanzi la anthu kudzera mu kuipitsidwa kwa madzi akumwa.

2.2 dothi Kuwononga

Ngati Cyanide - yokhala ndi madzi otayira kapena zinyalala zolimba kuchokera ku ntchito ya Migodi (monga mipata) itatayidwa bwino pamtunda, ikhoza kuipitsa nthaka. Cyanide m'nthaka ikhoza kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka m'malo omwe alibe mpweya. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zingapo pa PAC pa chilengedwe cha nthaka. Zingalepheretse kukula kwa zomera posokoneza ntchito ya mizu yawo komanso kutenga michere. Zomera zina zimatha kuwonetsa kukula koyipa, chikasu cha masamba, kapena kufa. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuzungulira kwa michere ndi chonde m'nthaka, zitha kukhudzidwa kwambiri. Ntchito ya mabakiteriya opindulitsa ndi bowa ikhoza kulepheretsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka isakhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso yobereka bwino.

2.3 Kuipitsa mpweya

Mu ndondomeko yochotsa golide , ngati zinthu sizikuyendetsedwa bwino, sodium cyanide yochuluka ingayambitse kupangidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya wa Hydrogen cyanide ( HCN ). HCN ndi mpweya woopsa kwambiri komanso woopsa kwambiri . Pamene sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito ndi asidi (yomwe ingakhalepo mu ore kapena yowonjezeredwa panthawiyi) kapena pansi pa zinthu zina za pH, HCN ikhoza kupangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene pH ya yankho lochotsa golide imatsika pansi pa mlingo winawake, sodium cyanide imatha kuchita zinthu ndi asidi mu yankho kuti ipange Hydrogen Cyanide ndi Sodium compounds. Kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya wa HCN mumlengalenga kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi la ogwira ntchito m'migodi ndi madera oyandikana nawo. Kupuma mpweya wa HCN kungayambitse kupuma mofulumira, chizungulire, nseru, komanso ngati zinthuzo zili ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, kungakhale koopsa nthawi yomweyo.

3. Kukhudzidwa pa Njira Yokhomerera Payokha

3.1 Pang'onopang'ono Leaching rates

Mosiyana ndi zomwe zingayembekezeredwe, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide yochulukirapo sikuti kumabweretsa kuchotsedwa kwa Golide mwachangu kapena kogwira mtima kwambiri . Ndipotu, nthawi zina, kungakhale ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide kungayambitse kupangika kwa ma complexes achitsulo ndi cyanide ndi zitsulo zina zomwe zili mumkuwa, monga Copper , zinc , kapena iron . Ma complexes awa amatha kudya cyanide ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa Free cyanide komwe kumapezeka kuti kugwirizane ndi golide. Mwachitsanzo, mkuwa womwe ulipo mumkuwa ukhoza kupanga ma complexes okhazikika a mkuwa ndi cyanide. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa Golide kumatha kuchepa, ndipo Kutulutsa konse kumatha kuchepa.

3.2 Kusokoneza Njira Zotsatira za Chithandizo

Kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu njira yochotsera golide kungayambitsenso mavuto m'magawo otsatira a njira yochotsera Golide . Mwachitsanzo, mu ndondomeko yochotsa golide kuchokera mu leachate pogwiritsa ntchito fumbi la Zinc (njira ya Merrill-Crowe), kuchuluka kwa Cyanide kungayambitse kupangika kwa zinc-cyanide complexes. Ma complexes awa amatha kusokoneza kutsika kwa golide, kuchepetsa kubweza kwa golide . Kuphatikiza apo, pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito kaboni woyambitsa kuti golide alowe mu leachate, cyanide yochulukirapo ingakhudze mphamvu ya kaboni, chifukwa ma cyanide ena - Metal complexes amathanso kulowetsedwa pamwamba pa kaboni, kuphatikiza PET ndi golide kuti alowe m'malo osungiramo Adsorption.

Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri sodium cyanide mu njira yochotsera golide ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lili ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pamakampani opanga migodi , chilengedwe cha Iron , ndi thanzi la anthu. Migodi iyenera kuyang'anira mosamala kuchuluka kwa Sodium cyanide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa golide kuti iwonetsetse kuti golide akuchotsedwa bwino, mopanda mtengo, komanso motetezeka ku chilengedwe.