Zotsatira Zakuchulukirachulukira kwa Sodium Cyanide mu Njira Yotulutsa Golide

M'makampani a migodi ya golide, a cyanide leaching ndondomeko, makamaka ntchito Sodium cyanide, ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochotsera golide m'miyala. Komabe, a Kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso of Sodium Cyanide mu ndondomekoyi zingayambitse mavuto aakulu, omwe amawononga mbali zonse zachuma za ntchito za migodi ndi chilengedwe.

1. Kuwonjezeka kwa Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito

1.1 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Apamwamba

Sodium cyanide si reagent yotsika mtengo. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira, mtengo wachindunji wogula mankhwalawa umakwera kwambiri. Migodi iyenera kugawa gawo lalikulu la bajeti yawo kuti ipeze kuchuluka kofunikira sodium cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mgodi nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa cyanide ndende ya 0.05% - 0.1% mu njira ya leaching, koma chifukwa cha kusasamalira bwino kapena kumvetsetsa kolakwika kwa njirayi, kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa unit ya ore kukonzedwa pafupifupi kawiri kapena katatu. Izi zimakweza mwachindunji ndalama zogulira mankhwala, kudya m'mphepete mwa phindu la ntchito yamigodi.

1.2 Ndalama Zowonjezera Zamankhwala

Kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide mu leaching process kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi onyansa opangidwa. Kuthira madzi oyipawa kuti akwaniritse miyezo ya kutulutsa zachilengedwe kumakhala kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo. Njira zodziwika bwino zochotsera cyanide m'madzi otayidwa, monga okosijeni wamankhwala (pogwiritsa ntchito chlorine kapena hydrogen peroxide), chithandizo chachilengedwe, kapena kusinthana kwa ion, zonse zimafunikira ma reagents ochulukirapo, mphamvu, komanso nthawi yayitali yochizira pomwe ndende ya cyanide ikukwera. Mwachitsanzo, popanga makutidwe ndi okosijeni, ma oxidation owonjezera amafunika kuwonjezeredwa kuti awononge kuchuluka kwa cyanide. Izi sizimangowonjezera mtengo wa mankhwala oxidizing komanso zingafunike ziwiya zazikulu zomwe zimayendera komanso mphamvu zambiri zosakanikirana ndikuchita, motero zimawonjezera ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito zamgodi.

2. Kuwononga Kwachilengedwe

2.1 Kuipitsa madzi

2.1.1 Kusokonezeka kwa Zamoyo Zam'madzi

Pamene sodium cyanide yochuluka ilipo mu leaching ndondomeko, pali chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha cyanide kutayikira m'madzi. Cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri ku zamoyo zam'madzi. Ngakhale m'malo otsika kwambiri, zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri nsomba, nyama zopanda msana, ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi. Mwachitsanzo, pa nkhani ya Baia Mare cyanide cyanide ku Romania mu 2000. kuphulika kwa damu kunatulutsa 100.000 cubic metres ya cyanide - madzi oipa oipitsidwa mu mitsinje ya Tisza ndi Danube. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide m’madzi kunapha nsomba zambirimbiri, kusokoneza ndandanda yonse ya chakudya cha m’madzi. Zomera zam'madzi zimathanso kukhudzidwa, chifukwa cyanide imatha kusokoneza photosynthesis ndi kupuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kukula ndi zokolola.

2.1.2 Kudetsedwa kwa Madzi akumwa

Cyanide - madzi oipitsidwa kuchokera kumigodi amathanso kulowa pansi pamadzi kapena kuipitsa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potunga madzi akumwa. Cyanide m'madzi akumwa ndi chiwopsezo cha thanzi. Ngakhale cyanide yaying'ono imatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa zaumoyo monga mutu, chizungulire, komanso zovuta kwambiri, zimatha kupha. Ku United States, mu 1982. pa mgodi wa Zortman - Landusky ku Montana, magaloni 52.000 a cyanide solution adawukhira ndikuyika poyizoni pamadzi omwe amapereka madzi abwino akumwa a tauni ya Zortman. Chochitikachi chikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa kuipitsidwa kwa migodi - kokhudzana ndi cyanide kuyika pachiwopsezo thanzi la anthu kudzera mukumwa madzi akumwa.

2.2 Kuipitsa nthaka

Ngati cyanide - yomwe ili ndi madzi oipa kapena zinyalala zolimba zochokera ku migodi (monga tailings) zitatayidwa molakwika pamtunda, zitha kuwononga nthaka. Cyanide m'nthaka imatha kupitilirabe kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka mumikhalidwe ya anaerobic. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zovuta zingapo pazachilengedwe. Ikhoza kulepheretsa kukula kwa zomera mwa kusokoneza ntchito yawo ya mizu ndi kuyamwa kwa michere. Zomera zina zimatha kuwonetsa kufota, masamba achikasu, kapena kufa. Kuonjezera apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyenda kwa michere ndi chonde m'nthaka, zimatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri. Ntchito ya mabakiteriya opindulitsa ndi bowa akhoza kuletsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa nthaka ndi zokolola.

2.3 Kuipitsa mpweya

Mu Gold leaching ndondomeko, ngati zinthu sizikuyendetsedwa bwino, sodium cyanide yambiri ingapangitse kupanga ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide (HCN). HCN ndi mpweya wokhazikika komanso wapoizoni kwambiri. Pamene sodium cyanide imachita ndi ma acid (omwe angakhalepo mu ore kapena kuwonjezeredwa panthawiyi) kapena pansi pa pH zina, HCN ikhoza kupangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pH ya yankho la leaching ikatsika pamlingo wina, sodium cyanide imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zinthu za acidic mu njira yopangira hydrogen cyanide ndi sodium compounds. Kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya wa HCN mumlengalenga kumawopseza kwambiri thanzi la ogwira ntchito mumigodi ndi madera oyandikana nawo. Kukoka mpweya wa HCN kungayambitse kupuma mofulumira, chizungulire, nseru, ndi ndende zambiri, kungakhale koopsa nthawi yomweyo.

3. Kukhudzidwa pa Njira Yokhomerera Payokha

3.1 Miyezo Yocheperako Yobwereketsa

Mosiyana ndi zomwe tingayembekezere, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide wochulukirapo sikupangitsa kuti munthu azifulumira kapena kuchita bwino. Kuchotsa golide. Ndipotu, nthawi zina, zimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide kumatha kuyambitsa zitsulo - cyanide complexes ndi zitsulo zina zomwe zimapezeka mu ore, monga mkuwa, zinki, kapena chitsulo. Maofesiwa amatha kudya cyanide ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide yaulere yomwe imapezeka kuti igwirizane ndi golide. Mwachitsanzo, mkuwa womwe umapezeka mu ore ukhoza kupanga mkuwa wolimba - cyanide complexes. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa golidi kumatha kuchepa, ndipo mphamvu yonse ya leaching imatha kuchepa.

3.2 Kusokoneza Njira Zotsatira za Chithandizo

Kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu yankho la leaching kungayambitsenso zovuta pamasitepe otsatirawa pakubwezeretsa golide. Mwachitsanzo, pakutulutsa golide kuchokera ku leachate pogwiritsa ntchito fumbi la zinki (njira ya Merrill - Crowe), kuchuluka kwa cyanide kumatha kupangitsa kuti zinki - cyanide zipangidwe. Maofesiwa amatha kusokoneza mvula ya golide, kuchepetsa zokolola za golide. Kuphatikiza apo, pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito kaboni wothira golide kuchokera ku leachate, cyanide yochulukirapo imatha kusokoneza mphamvu ya kaboni, popeza ma cyanide - zitsulo zachitsulo zimathanso kukongoletsedwa pamtunda wa kaboni, kupikisana ndi golide pazotsatsa.

Pomaliza, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa sodium cyanide pakutulutsa golide ndi vuto lamitundumitundu lomwe limakhudza kwambiri ntchito yamigodi, chilengedwe, komanso thanzi la anthu. Migodi imayenera kuyang'anitsitsa ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa golide kuti awonetsetse kuti kuchotsedwa kwa golide koyenera, kokwera mtengo, komanso kosunga chilengedwe.