Sodium cyanide, mankhwala oyenera kutulutsa migodi ya golide

Mu dziko la migodi ya golide , kuchotsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi njira yovuta komanso yosangalatsa. Mankhwala amodzi omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ntchitoyi ndi Sodium Cyanide . Kwa zaka zoposa zana, sodium cyanide yakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa kuchotsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndipo mpaka pano, ikadali njira yothandiza kwambiri yochotsera golide m'migodi yambiri ya golide.

Zoyambira za Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi gulu la cyano, lomwe limapangidwa ndi kaboni ndi nayitrogeni wolumikizidwa katatu. Imatha kukhalapo mumitundu yonse yolimba komanso yamadzimadzi. Sodium cyanide yolimba nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ngati briquette yoyera ya kristalo, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "cyanoid." Ma briquette awa amasungunuka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pochita migodi. Madzi a sodium cyanide amaperekedwa kumalo osungiramo zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito matanki a ISO omangidwa ndi cholinga choyenera mayendedwe pamsewu kapena sitima.

Momwe Sodium Cyanide Amagwiritsidwira Ntchito Mu Migodi Ya Golide

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golide kuchokera ku miyala imadziwika kuti Cyanide Leaching kapena cyanidation. Nayi chidule cha momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito:

1. Kukonzekera kwa Miyala : Choyamba, miyala yokhala ndi golide imaphwanyidwa kukhala ufa wabwino pogwiritsa ntchito makina a mafakitale. Izi zimawonjezera malo a pamwamba pa miyalayi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwirizane bwino ndi yankho la sodium cyanide.

2. Kutulutsa : Mchere wophwanyikawo umawonjezedwa ku yankho la sodium cyanide lomwe limayang'aniridwa mosamala. Panthawiyi, mamolekyu agolide amapanga mgwirizano wamphamvu kwambiri ndi sodium cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sungunuka m'madzi. Machitidwe a mankhwala amatha kuyimiridwa ndi equation: 4 Au + 8 NaCN+O₂ + 2 H₂O = 4 Na(Au(CN)₂)+4 NaOH. Mu yankholi, golide amachitapo kanthu ndi sodium cyanide, mpweya, ndi madzi kuti apange golide wosungunuka - cyanide complex, sodium aurocyanide (Na(Au(CN)₂)).

3. Kulekanitsa : Golide akasungunuka mu yankho, gawo lotsatira ndikulilekanitsa ndi miyala yotsala ndi zinyalala zina. Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinc kuti golide atuluke mu yankho. Zinc imagwira ntchito ndi golide-cyanide complex, ndikuchotsa golide ndikupanga zinc-cyanide complex, motero imasintha golide kukhala wolimba. Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito activated carbon kuti itenge golide-cyanide complex kuchokera mu yankho. Mpweya wodzaza ndi golide umakonzedwanso kuti ubwezeretse golide.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide mu Migodi ya Golide

1. Mtengo ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito : Sodium cyanide ndi yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochotsera golide . Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yokopa makampani amigodi, makamaka akamagwira ntchito zazikulu kapena miyala yotsika mtengo.

2. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Kwambiri : Kuchotsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito cyanide kumatha kubweretsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa golide, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 90%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti golide wambiri akhoza kupezedwa kuchokera ku miyala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yofufuza migodi ipindule kwambiri.

3. Kusungunuka : Sodium cyanide imasungunuka bwino m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ifalikire mwachangu ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi golide womwe uli mumkuwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito yotulutsa ifulumizitse.

Kuganizira za Chitetezo ndi Zachilengedwe

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Komabe, makampani opanga migodi ali ndi ndondomeko zotetezeka zotetezera kuti sodium cyanide isagwire bwino. M'malo mwake, ku North America ndi Australia, sipanakhalepo imfa yokhudzana ndi cyanide pakati pa ogwira ntchito ku mgodi pazaka zopitilira 100. Pogwira ntchito ya sodium cyanide, ogwira ntchito amayenera kuvala zida zodzitetezera zoyenera, monga zophimba nkhope kuti ateteze ku fumbi lopangidwa ndi mpweya kapena mpweya wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide.

Kuchokera ku chilengedwe, chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu ndi kuthekera kwa cyanide kulowa m'madzi a pamwamba. Nsomba zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi cyanide kuposa anthu, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika cyanide kumatha kuwononga chilengedwe. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwopsezochi, makampani opanga migodi amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana posamalira ndi kuchiza cyanide - yomwe ili ndi mayankho. Mwachitsanzo, angagwiritse ntchito malo opangira mankhwala kuti athetse cyanide asanatulutse madzi. Kuonjezera apo, migodi yambiri ili ndi njira zosungiramo katundu kuti ateteze kutulutsidwa mwangozi kwa cyanide - yomwe ili ndi mayankho.

Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide yakhala, ndipo ikupitilizabe kukhala, mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri pantchito yamigodi ya golide. Kutha kwake kutulutsa golide m'miyala pamtengo wotsika kwambiri kwapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunikira kwambiri pantchito zamakono zokumba golide. Ngakhale kukhudzidwa kwa chitetezo ndi chilengedwe kumakhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, makampani amigodi apita patsogolo kwambiri popanga njira zoyendetsera bwino komanso njira zoyendetsera chilengedwe. Pamene teknoloji ikupitirizabe kusinthika, zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuona ngati njira zatsopano zochotsera golide zikutuluka, koma pakalipano, sodium cyanide idakali yofunika kwambiri pakufuna kutsegula mtengo wa golide kuchokera ku miyala.