Inganta Ingantacciyar Sodium Cyanide a cikin Leaching Vat

Gabatarwa

Leaching vat tsari ne mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar hakar ma'adinai, musamman don fitar da karafa masu mahimmanci kamar zinari daga ma'adanai marasa daraja. Sodium cyanide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan tsari yayin da yake samar da hadaddun tare da zinare, yana ba da damar rushewa da dawowa daga baya. Duk da haka, da yadda ya dace na sodium cyanide A cikin vat leaching na iya yin tasiri da abubuwa da yawa. Haɓaka waɗannan abubuwan yana da mahimmanci ba kawai don haɓaka ƙimar dawo da ƙarfe ba amma har ma don rage farashi da rage tasirin muhalli mai alaƙa da amfani da wannan sinadari mai guba.

Matsayin Sodium Cyanide a cikin Vat Leaching

A cikin leaching, sodium Cyanide yana hulɗa da zinariya a gaban oxygen da ruwa. Cyanide ions a ciki Sodium cyanide hada da zarra na gwal, suna mai da gwal din zuwa hadadden fili mai narkewa. Ana iya raba wannan nau'in zinari mai narkewa daga matrix ɗin tama kuma a ci gaba da sarrafa shi don samun zinare mai tsafta.

Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Ingantacciyar Sodium Cyanide a cikin Leaching Vat

Halayen Ore

1. Girman barbashi: Girman ɓangarorin ma'adinai suna tasiri sosai ga ingancin leaching. Ƙananan barbashi suna ba da wuri mafi girma don amsawa tsakanin sodium cyanide da zinariya - ma'adanai masu ɗaukar nauyi. Misali, idan ba a murkushe ma'adinan da kyau ba, maganin cyanide ba zai iya shiga yadda ya kamata ba, yana barin gwal mai yawa ba tare da an kunna shi ba. Bincike ya nuna cewa rage girman gwal - masu ɗauke da ma'adanai daga juzu'in juzu'i zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta na iya ƙara yawan rushewar gwal. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙima suna ba da izini ga mafi sauri da cikakkiyar narkewa idan aka kwatanta da barbashi masu ƙarfi.

2. Ma'adanai: Kasancewar wasu ma'adanai na iya haɓakawa ko hana tsarin leaching. Ma'adanai irin su pyrite da arsenopyrite na iya cinye iskar oxygen da cyanide, rage yawan wadatar waɗannan reagents don halayen zinari - cyanide. A gefe guda, wasu ma'adanai na gangue na iya yin tasiri mai tasiri, suna inganta rushewar zinariya. Bugu da ƙari, faruwar zinari a cikin ma'adinan, ko yana da kyauta - niƙa (sauƙin 'yantar da shi) ko kuma an rufe shi a cikin wasu ma'adanai, yana shafar samun damar zinari zuwa maganin cyanide. Misali, zinari da ke cikin ma'adinan sulfide na iya buƙatar riga-kafi, kamar gasasshen abinci ko bio-oxidation, don fallasa gwal da haɓaka haɓakar leaching.

Yanayin Tsari

1. Cyanide Concentration: Kula da ƙwayar cyanide mai dacewa yana da mahimmanci. Hakanan - ƙarancin maida hankali ba zai iya samar da isassun ion cyanide don amsawa tare da duk zinare da ke akwai ba, wanda ke haifar da rashin cikawar leach. Sabanin haka, babban taro mai yawa zai iya haifar da samuwar da ba a so ta - samfurori, irin su karfe - cyanide complexes tare da wasu ƙananan karafa masu daraja a cikin ma'adinai, kuma yana ƙara farashi da haɗarin muhalli. Mafi kyawun ƙwayar cyanide sau da yawa yakan bambanta dangane da nau'in tama da kasancewar ma'adanai masu shiga tsakani. Gabaɗaya, don nau'ikan nau'ikan zinare na yau da kullun, ana amfani da jeri na maida hankali na cyanide daban-daban a matakai daban-daban na leaching don daidaita inganci da farashi.

2. Sarrafa pH: pH na maganin leaching yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan kwanciyar hankali na cyanide da halayen leaching. Cyanide ba shi da kwanciyar hankali a cikin yanayin acidic kuma yana iya rubewa don samar da iskar hydrogen cyanide mai guba sosai. Don hana wannan, ana kiyaye pH na maganin leaching yawanci a cikin kewayon 10 - 11 ta amfani da lemun tsami ko wasu reagents na alkaline. A wannan kewayon pH, cyanide ya kasance a cikin nau'in ionic, yana taimakawa wajen samar da zinari - cyanide complex. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin alkaline kuma zai iya taimakawa wajen narkar da wasu ma'adanai waɗanda za su iya tsoma baki tare da tsarin leaching.

3. Zafin jiki: Adadin halayen cyanidation ya dogara da yanayin zafi. Mafi girman yanayin zafi gabaɗaya yana haɓaka ƙimar amsawa, amma a aikace, kiyaye yanayin zafi mai matuƙar tsada yana iya haifar da ƙarar bazuwar cyanide. A cikin yanayin sanyi, zafin zafin jiki na iya zama abin iyakancewa. A ƙasa da 10 ° C, adadin narkar da zinariya yana raguwa sosai. Wasu ma'adanai a Kanada sun yi amfani da zafi mai zafi don dumama maganin leaching, wanda ba wai kawai yana taimakawa wajen karya iyakar zafin jiki ba amma kuma yana kara lokacin leaching.

4. Samun Oxygen: Oxygen yana da mahimmancin amsawa a cikin tsarin cyanidation yayin da yake oxidizes zinariya don samar da hadaddun zinariya - cyanide mai narkewa. Isasshen iskar oxygen na iya haɓaka ƙimar leaching. Shigar da na'urorin da ke sauƙaƙe shigar da iskar oxygen, irin su iska - tsarin allura, yayin gina ginin zai iya inganta haɓakar ma'adinai - cakuda maganin cyanide da kuma ƙara saurin leaching. Bincike da Cibiyar Hazen da ke Amurka ta yi ya nuna cewa ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a cikin takin ma'adinai (wanda za a iya amfani da shi ta hanyar ra'ayi don vat leaching) ba zai iya rage yawan leaching ba kawai amma kuma yana kara yawan adadin zinare.

Lokacin Leaching

The lokacin leaching wani muhimmin al'amari ne. Ana buƙatar isashen lokaci don cyanide don amsawa da duk zinare da ke akwai. Koyaya, tsawon lokacin leaching na iya zama rashin daidaituwa kuma yana iya haifar da samuwar ƙarin ta - samfuran. Mafi kyawun lokacin leaching ya dogara da dalilai kamar girman barbashi na tama, tattarawar cyanide, da zafin jiki. Alal misali, a wasu lokuta inda ma'adinan yana da kyau - hatsi kuma yanayin tsari yana da kyau - an inganta shi, lokacin leaching zai iya ragewa sosai idan aka kwatanta da maɗaukaki - hatsin hatsi ko ƙananan yanayi - mafi kyawun yanayi.

Dabarun ingantawa

Maganin Kaya

1. Murkushewa da Nika: Don tabbatar da girman ɓangarorin da ya dace, yakamata a murƙushe tama a hankali kuma a ƙasa. Yin amfani da ci-gaba crushing da nika kayan aiki zai iya taimaka cimma wani karin uniform barbashi size rarraba, kara da surface yankin samuwa ga cyanide - zinariya dauki.

2. Pre-maganin Refractory Ores: Don ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da zinari da aka lulluɓe a cikin sulfide ko wasu ma'adanai, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin magani na farko kamar gasa, bio-oxidation, ko oxidation na matsa lamba. Gasasshiyar na iya rushe ma'adinan sulfide, yana sakin gwal ɗin da aka makale kuma ya sa ya fi dacewa da maganin cyanide. Bio-oxidation yana amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don oxidize ma'adinan sulfide, madadin da ya fi dacewa da muhalli ga gasa a wasu lokuta.

Gudanar da Gudanarwa

1. Kulawa da Daidaita Tattaunawar Cyanide: Ci gaba da saka idanu akan maida hankali na cyanide a cikin maganin leaching ta amfani da dabarun nazari kamar titration ko ion - electrodes masu zaɓi. Dangane da sakamakon sa ido, daidaita ƙimar ƙari na cyanide don kula da mafi kyawun maida hankali a duk lokacin aikin leaching.

2. Kulawa da Daidaita pH: Kullum auna pH na maganin leaching ta amfani da mita pH kuma ƙara lemun tsami ko wasu reagents na alkaline kamar yadda ake buƙata don kula da pH a cikin mafi kyawun kewayon 10 - 11.

3. zazzabi Control: A cikin yanayin da zafin jiki ya kasance abin iyakancewa, yi la'akari da amfani da tsarin dumama ko sanyaya don kula da yanayin zafin da ya dace don amsawar leaching. Wannan na iya zama mahimmanci musamman a yankuna masu matsanancin yanayi.

4. Inganta Samar da Oxygen: Tabbatar da isasshen isashshen iskar oxygen zuwa tsarin leaching. Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar amfani da ingantacciyar iska - tsarin allura ko ta ƙara oxygen - sakin mahadi irin su hydrogen peroxide zuwa maganin leaching. Duk da haka, ya kamata a kula lokacin amfani da hydrogen peroxide kamar yadda zai iya amsawa tare da cyanide idan ba a sarrafa shi da kyau ba.

Ƙarin Taimakon Leaching

Ana iya ƙara kayan aikin leaching zuwa slurry leaching cyanide don haɓaka inganci. Abubuwan taimakon leaching na yau da kullun sun haɗa da abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar oxygen, ingantattun abubuwan leaching, da abubuwan jika. Alal misali, ƙara wani oxygen - dauke da oxidizing wakili ga cyanide leaching tsari zai iya ƙara m aiki oxygen a cikin slurry, inganta leaching yadda ya dace. Ma'aikatan jika na iya taimakawa maganin cyanide mafi kyau su shiga barbashi na ma'adinai, musamman ma a cikin yanayin hydrophobic ores.

Kammalawa

Inganta ingancin sodium cyanide a cikin vat leaching aiki ne mai rikitarwa amma mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar ma'adinai. Ta hanyar yin la'akari da hankali da sarrafa abubuwa irin su halaye na ma'adinai, yanayin tsari, da lokacin leaching, da kuma aiwatar da dabarun ingantawa da suka dace, yana yiwuwa a inganta farfadowa na karafa masu mahimmanci, rage yawan amfani da sinadarai, da kuma rage haɗarin muhalli da ke hade da amfani da sodium cyanide. Ci gaba da bincike da ƙirƙira a cikin wannan yanki suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da aikin leaching na vat ɗin ya zama mai dorewa da tattalin arziki a cikin dogon lokaci.