Sodium Cyanide: Chemical dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ

Okwu Mmalite

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) bụ ngwakọta inorganic dị mkpa n'ime nnukwu akụrụngwa akụrụngwa. Site na njirimara kemịkalụ ya pụrụ iche, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-enweghị atụ n'ọtụtụ ngalaba mmepụta ihe. Edemede a na-enyocha njirimara, ngwa, mmepụta na akụkụ nchekwa nke sodium cyanide, na-achọ ịnye nghọta zuru oke nke kemịkalụ a dị mkpa.

Njirimara nke sodium cyanide

Njirimara ahụ

Sodium cyanide na-apụta dị ka kristal ọcha siri ike, lumps, ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ. Ọ bụ hygroscopic ma nwee isi almond na-esighị ike. Ọ na-agbaze nke ukwuu na mmiri, yana ihe dị ka kilogram 0.4 nke siri ike sodium cyanide ike igbari na 1 n'arọ nke mmiri na 30 Celsius C. Ọ nwekwara ụfọdụ solubility na ethanol. Ngwakọta ahụ nwere ịdị arọ molekụla nke 49.007 g/mol, ebe mgbaze nke 564 Celsius, na ebe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke 1469 Celsius C, na nrụgide vapor nke 0.1 kPa na 800 Celsius.

Chemical Properties

Sodium cyanide bụ ntọala siri ike - nnu acid na-adịghị ike. Ya aqueous ngwọta nwere ike crystallize na-etolite sodium cyanide hydrates nwere otu ma ọ bụ abụọ molekul mmiri n'okpuru 1.34 Celsius. Mgbe okpomọkụ gafere 34.7 Celsius C, ọ na-efunahụ mmiri kristal na-aghọ nnu na-ekpo ọkụ. Ọ na-emeghachi ngwa ngwa na acids, ọbụlagodi acid adịghị ike. Ọla dị ka ígwè, zinc, nickel, ọla kọpa, cobalt, ọlaọcha, na cadmium nwere ike igbari na ngwọta sodium cyanide, na-eme ka e guzobe nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ. cyanides. N'ebe ikuku oxygen dị, ọ nwere ike igbari ọla ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa dị ka ọla edo na ọlaọcha iji mepụta nnu mgbagwoju anya. Ọ ekwekọghị na acids ma nwee ike imeghachi omume na carbon dioxide. N'ikuku iru mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri, ọ nwere ike ire ere. Mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ihu ikuku oxygen, ọ na-emepụta gas na-egbu egbu dị ka hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, na nitrogen oxides. Ọ na-emeghachi omume ike na nitrates, nitrites, na chlorates, na-ebute ihe egwu mgbawa.

Ngwa nke sodium Cyanide

Ulo oru Ngwuputa

na Ulo Ngwuputa, karịsịa na mmịpụta nke ọla ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa dị ka ọla edo na ọlaọcha, sodium cyanide dị ezigbo mkpa. Usoro cyanidation, nke gụnyere iji sodium cyanide ngwọta na-agbaze ọla edo na ọlaọcha site na ọla, na-anabata nke ọma n'ihi ịdị mfe ya na ọnụ ala dị ala. Maka kilogram ọla edo ọ bụla emepụtara, enwere ike ịchọ ihe dị ka tọn anọ ma ọ bụ ise nke sodium cyanide. Ọchịchọ sodium cyanide n'ọhịa a nwere njikọ chiri anya na mgbanwe ọnụahịa nke ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa n'ahịa ụwa. Ka akụ na ụba ụwa na-agbake na ọnụ ahịa ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa na-arị elu, mmụba ọrụ ngwuputa na-eduga n'ọchịchọ dị elu maka sodium cyanide.

Chemical njikọ

1.Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Sodium cyanide na-eje ozi dị ka akụrụngwa dị mkpa na njikọ ọgwụ. A na-eji ya emepụta ọgwụ ndị a na-ahụkarị na ihe mgbakwunye nri dị ka penicillin, vitamin B6. folic acid, guanine, na caffeine. N'ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, ọrụ ya n'ịmepụta ụdị kemịkalụ kpọmkwem n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ọgwụ dị mkpa, na-enye aka nke ukwuu na mmepe na mmepụta ọgwụ na-agwọ ọrịa dị iche iche.

2.Pestide Production

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ pesticide, a na-eji sodium cyanide na-emepụta ọgwụ ndị dị ka glyphosate, fenvalerate, paraquat, atrazine, na isoprothiolane. Ọgwụ nje ndị a na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ichekwa ihe ọkụkụ n'aka ahụhụ na ahịhịa, na-ahụ maka nchekwa nri. Ụzọ sịntetịt nke gụnyere sodium cyanide na-enyere aka ịmepụta ogige pesticid dị irè nwere njirimara kemịkal akọwapụtara.

3.Synthesis of Other Chemical Compounds

Ọ bụ ngọngọ ụlọ dị mkpa maka mmepụta nke ụdị inorganic na organic Cyanides. Iji sodium cyanide eme ihe ozugbo, enwere ike imepụta cyanide inorganic dị mkpa dị ka sodium ferrocyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, na potassium thiocyanate. N'ógbè nke cyanides organic, a na-ejikọta ogige ndị dị ka cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, benzyl cyanide, na cyanuric chloride. Na mgbakwunye, site na ọgbọ nke hydrogen cyanide sitere na sodium cyanide, enwere ike imepụta ngwaahịa ndị dị ka methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, nitrilotriacetic acid na glycolonitrile. A na-eji ogige ndị a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'imepụta ihe ndị sịntetik, gụnyere plastik, rọba, na eriri.

Ụlọ ọrụ Electroplating

Na electroplating, sodium cyanide bụ ihe bụ isi ihe na electroplating baths maka ọla dị ka ọla kọpa, ọlaọcha, cadmium, na zinc. Ọ nwere ike belata mmetụta polarization nke anodic, na-eme ka mgbasa nke anode na-emekarị. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ nwere ike welie mmetụta polarization nke cathodic, na-enyere aka nweta mkpuchi metal edo edo n'elu ọrụ ahụ. Ọ bụghị nanị na nke a na-eme ka nguzogide corrosion nke akụkụ ígwè ahụ dịkwuo mma kamakwa ọ na-eme ka ọdịdị ha dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ngwaahịa electroplated dịkwuo mma ma na-adịgide adịgide.

Mmepụta nke sodium cyanide

Mmepụta nke sodium cyanide bụ usoro kemịkalụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Otu usoro a na-ahụkarị bụ usoro Andrussow, nke gụnyere mmeghachi omume nke methane, amonia, na oxygen n'elu platinum - rhodium catalyst na okpomọkụ dị elu. Ụzọ ọzọ bụ usoro Castner, nke na-eji mmeghachi omume nke sodium amide na carbon n'ime ọkụ eletrik. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi oke nsi na ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi nke sodium cyanide, ngalaba gọọmentị dị mkpa gburugburu ụwa na-achịkwa mmepụta ya nke ọma. Ndị na-emepụta ihe kwesịrị izute nchekwa nchekwa na ụkpụrụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi iji hụ na mmepụta kemịkalụ a dị mma ma dịgidere.

Nchekwa na njikwa nke sodium Cyanide

Mgbu

Sodium cyanide na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Ọbụna obere ego, dị ka 100 - 200 mg, nwere ike igbu mmadụ ma ọ bụrụ na etinye ya, kuru ya, ma ọ bụ banye na akpụkpọ ahụ. Ozugbo ọ banyere n'ahụ mmadụ, ọ na-ahapụ cyanide ion (CN-), bụ nke nwere njikọ siri ike maka ion ígwè na sel. Nke a na-akpaghasị usoro oxidation nkịtị na mkpụrụ ndụ, na-eduga na asphyxia cell na hypoxia anụ ahụ, n'ikpeazụ na-ebute ọnwụ. Mkpughe nke ukwuu nwere ike ịkpata mgbaàmà dịka adịghị ike, isi ọwụwa, isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, njigide obi, ike iku ume, obi mgbawa, na nkwụsị nke mmụọ.

Nchedo nchedo

1.Nchekwa

Ekwesịrị ịchekwa sodium cyanide n'ebe dị jụụ, kpọrọ nkụ, nke ọma - ikuku ventilashị, pụọ na isi iyi ọkụ, mgbanye, na acid. Ekwesịrị idowe ya n'ime akpa akpọchichiri nke ọma nke ejiri ihe kwesịrị ekwesị mee ka ọ gbochie ntapu na mmeghachi omume na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụlọ nchekwa kwesịrị ịbụ nke nwere ntapu - usoro nchịkọta na akara ịdọ aka ná ntị iji gbochie mkpughe na mberede.

2. Ụgbọ njem

N'oge njem, sodium cyanide ga-agbasorịrị iwu siri ike. A chọrọ ụgbọ njem pụrụ iche nwere atụmatụ nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị. Ekwesịrị iji nlezianya nyochaa usoro njem iji gbochie mwụfu ma ọ bụ ihe mberede ọ bụla. Atụmatụ nzaghachi mberede na akụrụngwa kwesịrị ịdị n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ndị a na-atụghị anya ya.

3.Handling na Ntọala ụlọ ọrụ

Ndị ọrụ na-ejikwa sodium cyanide na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ga-enwerịrị ọzụzụ nchekwa nchekwa. Ha kwesịrị iyi ngwa nchebe nkeonwe kwesịrị ekwesị, gụnyere ihe iku ume, uwe nchebe, uwe aka na anya. Ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ụlọ kwesịrị ịgbaso usoro arụ ọrụ siri ike iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ikpughe. Ọ bụrụ na mwụfu ma ọ bụ ntapu, ekwesịrị iwere usoro nzaghachi mberede ozugbo, dị ka iji hydrogen peroxide wepụ sodium cyanide.

Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi

Ntufu na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke sodium cyanide ma ọ bụ ihe mkpofu ya nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsonaazụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Cyanide - nwere mmiri mkpofu na ihe mkpofu nwere ike imerụ ala na isi mmiri, na-etinye ndụ nke osisi, anụmanụ, na ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri n'ihe ize ndụ. Na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nnukwu cyanide - nwere ọdụ ọdụ na-emepụta kwa afọ. Ọdụdọ ndị a, ma ọ bụrụ na ejikwaghị ya nke ọma, nwere ike ibute ihe egwu gburugburu ebe obibi ogologo oge. Ya mere, usoro nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike na teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ mkpofu dị mkpa iji belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe omume ndị metụtara sodium cyanide.

mmechi

Sodium cyanide, n'agbanyeghị oke nsi ya, bụ kemịkalụ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Ngwongwo kemịkalụ ya pụrụ iche na-enyere ya aka ịrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịwepụta ígwè dị oké ọnụ ahịa. Ngwakọta kemịkalụ, na electroplating. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi ihe egwu ọ nwere na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, iwu nchekwa siri ike na usoro njikwa kwesịrị ekwesị ga-agbasorịrị n'oge nrụpụta, njem, nchekwa na ojiji ya. Dị ka nkà na ụzụ na-aga n'ihu, ekwesịrị ịme mgbalị iji mepụta ndị ọzọ enyi na enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ usoro dị mma iji belata ịdabere na ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara sodium cyanide mgbe ọ ka na-egbo mkpa mmepe ụlọ ọrụ.