Usoro mmepụta na ọganihu teknụzụ nke sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) bụ ihe dị mkpa maka kemịkalụ dị mkpa, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ọhịa dịka mwepụta ọla edo, electroplating, na mmepụta nke ọgwụ ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'etiti ya dị iche iche. Usoro Mmepụta ya agafeela ihe karịrị otu narị afọ nke mgbanwe teknụzụ, ugbu a, e guzobela usoro mmepụta ihe nke usoro mmepụta ihe na-achịkwa. Isiokwu a ga-ahazi usoro mmepụta ihe bụ isi nke Sodium Cyanide na ọganihu teknụzụ ha n'usoro, ma tụlee ntụziaka mmepe n'ọdịnihu.

I. Evolushọn nke usoro mmepụta sodium Cyanide

1. Usoro mmalite (Ngwụsị nke narị afọ nke 19 - etiti narị afọ nke 20)

N'oge mbụ, mmepụta nke sodium cyanide dabere na mwepụta sitere na ihe ndị sitere n'okike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, "usoro cyanidation maka mwepụta ọlaedo" nke e mepụtara na 1887 ewepụtara cyanide site na nhazi osisi nwere cyanide (dị ka almọnd ilu). Agbanyeghị, usoro a adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, dị oke ọnụ, ma sie ike igbo mkpa nke mmepụta ihe. Na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị German bụ Friedrich Kahlbaum mepụtara usoro ịgbaze cyanide, nke kwadebere Sodium cyanide site na imeghachi omume na calcium cyanide na sodium carbonate. N'ihi obere ọnụ ahịa nke ihe eji emepụta ihe na mfe nke usoro ahụ, usoro a ghọrọ teknụzụ bụ isi n'oge mbụ.

2. Nbilite nke Usoro Synthesis (N'etiti narị afọ nke 20 ruo ugbu a)

Site na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical, usoro njikọ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie usoro ọdịnala. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-emepụta ihe karịrị 90% nke sodium cyanide n'ụwa niile site na iji usoro nhazi atọ ndị a:

• Usoro Andrussow

Iji methane, amonia, na oxygen dị ka akụrụngwa, mmeghachi omume oxidation na-eme n'okpuru ọrụ nke platinum-rhodium alloy catalyst:

A na-etinye gas hydrogen cyanide (HCN) nke emepụtara site na sodium hydroxide iji nweta ngwọta sodium cyanide. Usoro a nwere uru nke akụrụngwa dị ọnụ ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmeghachi omume ngwa ngwa, mana oke okpomọkụ (1000 - 1200 ° C) na iji ígwè dị oké ọnụ ahịa na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọnụ ahịa dị elu.

• Ụzọ pyrolysis mmanụ ọkụ

Iji mmanụ ọkụ (dị ka naphtha) dị ka ihe eji eme ihe, a na-emepụta HCN site na pyrolysis na okpomọkụ dị elu (1400 - 1500 ° C), na ọgwụgwọ na-esote yiri nke usoro Andrussow. Usoro a dabara adaba maka nnukwu mmepụta mana ọ nwere oke ume ike ma na-emepụta nnukwu carbon ojii dị ka ngwaahịa sitere na ya.

• Methanol Amonia Oxidation Method

N'iji methanol, amonia, na ikuku dị ka akụrụngwa, a na-emepụta HCN n'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe mkpali (dị ka V₂O₅-MoO₃):

Usoro a nwere ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa dị ala yana ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dị nro (400 - 500 Celsius C), ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ bụrụ nhọrọ kachasị mma maka ikike mmepụta ewuru ọhụrụ.

II. Ọganihu teknụzụ na ntụzịaka ọhụrụ

1. Mmepe nke Green Processes

Usoro ọdịnala nwere nsogbu nke oke ike oriri na mmetọ dị elu. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị nchọpụta enyochala teknụzụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ndị a:

• Usoro biosynthesis

Iji obere nje (dịka Pseudomonas) mee ka hydrolysis nke ihe ndị dị na nitrile dịgide iji mepụta Cyanide , mana ọ ka nọ n'ọkwa ụlọ nyocha.

• Njikọ nke Electrochemical

Ịmegharị sodium cyanide site na iji mmiri mkpofu nwere cyanide nwere electrolyzing iji nweta nrụpụta akụrụngwa, mana ọ dị mkpa ka emeziwanye arụmọrụ na ọnụ ahịa ugbu a.

2. Njikwa ọgụgụ isi na teknụzụ nchekwa

Mmepụta nke sodium cyanide na-agụnye ihe ndị na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, na njikwa nchekwa dị oke mkpa. Ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-ejikarị Sistemụ Njikwa Ekesa (DCS) iji nweta nleba anya zuru oke nke usoro a niile, ma webata teknụzụ nyocha ihe ntanetị iji nyochaa ntinye HCN ozugbo, na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ntapu.

3. Ụdị Economy okirikiri

Meziwanye ojiji akụrụngwa site na teknụzụ mmepụta mmekọrịta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iji carbon dioxide nke emepụtara na usoro Andrussow maka mmepụta urea, enwere ike iji carbon ojii nke emepụtara na Usoro Pyrolysis Mmanụ Ọkụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka roba sie ike, na-emepụta usoro ụlọ ọrụ mechiri emechi nke "akụrụngwa - ngwaahịa - ihe mkpofu - akụrụngwa ndị a na-emegharị emegharị".

III. Ihe ịma aka na Ọdịnihu Ọdịnihu

1. Mgbanwe na ọnụ ahịa ihe akụrụngwa

Usoro Andrussow na usoro methanol na-adabere na gas (methane) na coal (dị ka akụrụngwa maka methanol). Mgbanwe nke ọnụ ahịa ike mba ụwa na-emetụta ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ozugbo. Ịmepụta ụzọ akụrụngwa na-abụghị nke fossil (dị ka biomass ruo methanol) bụ isiokwu nyocha na-ekpo ọkụ n'ọdịnihu.

2. Na-abawanye nrụgide nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi

Site na ịgbachi usoro iwu nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ, mmepụta nke sodium cyanide kwesịrị ibelata ntupu nke nitrogen oxides (NOx) na mmiri mkpofu nwere cyanide. Teknụzụ nkewa nke membrane, denitrification catalytic oxidation, na usoro ndị ọzọ ka agbagoro n'ụlọ ọrụ ụfọdụ.

3. Mgbasawanye ngwa ngwa dị elu

Ọchịchọ nke sodium cyanide dị ọcha (ịdị ọcha ≥ 99.9%) na njikọ nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe cathode maka batrị lithium-ion na-eto ngwa ngwa, na-akwalite nkwalite nke mmepụta usoro maka nchacha na ịdị ọcha dị elu.

mmechi

Mmepe nke usoro mmepụta sodium cyanide na-amalite mgbe niile na ebumnuche atọ bụ isi nke "nchekwa, arụmọrụ, na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ". N'ọdịnihu, na ọganihu na ike ọhụrụ na teknụzụ nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, yana njikọ miri emi nke mmepụta ihe dijitalụ, ụlọ ọrụ sodium cyanide ga-anọgide na-ebuli elu na ntụziaka nke obere ume ike, obere mmetọ, na ọnụ ahịa dị elu.