Reagents na-egbochi ntanye ọla kọpa na cyanidation ọla edo na-ebu ọla

Okwu Mmalite

Cyanidation bụ usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe ma dị irè maka mmepụta ọla edo site na ọla edo - ndị na-ebu ọla, karịsịa n'ihe gbasara ọla kọpa - na-ebu ọla edo. Ọ dabeere na ike nke ion cyanides na-etolite ụlọ kwụsiri ike na ọla edo, na-enye ohere igbasa ọla edo site na matriks ore. Mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ bụ isi na usoro cyanidation maka ọla edo bụ 4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O=4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH. Usoro a abụrụla isi nkuku nke ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo ihe karịrị otu narị afọ n'ihi arụmọrụ ya dị oke elu yana teknụzụ ghọtara nke ọma.

Otú ọ dị, mgbe a na-emeso ọla kọpa - na-ebu ọla edo, ọnụnọ nke ịnweta ọla kọpas na-ebute nnukwu ihe ịma aka. Ngwakọta ọla kọpa nkịtị jikọtara ya na ọla edo, dị ka chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2), chalcocite (Cu_2S), malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3), na azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2), na-emeghachi omume na ngwọta cyanide. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na cyanide - nwere ọkara, chalcocite nwere ike meghachi omume dịka ndị a: Cu_2S + 4NaCN=2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2S. Mmeghachi omume ndị a na-eduga na oriri nke nnukwu cyanide. Ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè nke cyanide ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ihe dịkwuo elu kamakwa ọ na-enwe mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi nsị nke cyanide.

Ọzọkwa, mgbasa nke ọla kọpa nwere ike igbochi usoro ndị na-esote mgbake ọla edo. Ọkwa ọla kọpa dị elu na ngwọta cyanide nwere ike belata arụmọrụ nke ọla edo - mgbagwoju anya cyanide, si otú a na-ebelata ọla edo. ọnụego leaching. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ọla kọpa na-asọ mpi ọla edo maka ion cyanide na oxygen na ngwọta, na-emebi nha kemịkalụ achọrọ maka mgbaze ọla edo nke ọma. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọnụnọ ọla kọpa nwekwara ike ịkpata nsogbu na usoro mgbada dị ka zinc - cimentation ma ọ bụ carbon - in - pulp (CIP) maka mgbake ọla edo, na-eduga n'ịbelata ọnụego mgbake ọla edo na adịghị mma ngwaahịa.

Ya mere, ịchọta reagents dị irè iji gbochie nkwụsị nke ọla kọpa n'oge cyanidation nke ọla kọpa - na-ebu ọla edo dị oke mkpa. Ndị dị otú ahụ reagents nwere ike inye aka kwalite usoro cyanidation, belata oriri cyanide, ma melite arụmọrụ zuru oke nke mmịpụta ọla edo, na-eme ka ọrụ Ngwuputa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na akụ na ụba na enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Na ngalaba ndị na-esonụ, anyị ga-enyocha ụdị reagents dị iche iche a mụọla ma jiri ya mee ihe maka nke a.

Àgwà ndị Leaching nke ọla kọpa na Cyanide Solutions

N'ihe ngwọta cyanide, mineral ọla kọpa jikọtara ya na ọla edo na-egosipụta àgwà ịhịa aka n'ahụ pụrụ iche. A na-ahụkarị mineral ọla kọpa dị ka chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2) na chalcocite (Cu_2S), yana malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3), azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2), bornite (Cu_5FeS_4), cuprite (Cu_2O) dịtụ.

Enwere ike ịgbanye mineral ọla kọpa ndị a na okpomọkụ nke ụlọ (25 ^ {\circ} C). Ọnụego mkpocha ọla kọpa dịgasị iche iche, sitere na 5 - 10% ruo ihe karịrị 90%. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, malachite na azurite, nke bụ ọla kọpa - mineral carbonate, na-emeghachi omume na ngwọta cyanide. Enwere ike igosipụta mmeghachi omume kemịkal nke malachite na cyanide dị ka Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3+4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Nke a na-egosi na n'okpuru ọrụ cyanide, ọla kọpa dị na malachite nwere ike ịgbaze nke ọma.

Mgbe ị na-emeso nnukwu ọla edo ọla kọpa dị elu, usoro ịhịa aka n'ahụ n'oge cyanidation nwere ụfọdụ akara ngosi "ụlọ ọgwụ". Oriri nke cyanide na-adị oke elu. N'ozuzu, maka mineral ọla kọpa dị iche iche, mgbasa nke 1 gram ọla kọpa chọrọ oriri nke 2.3 - 3.4 grams. sodium cyanide. N'otu oge ahụ, mgbasa nke ọla kọpa na-erikwa oxygen na ngwọta. Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, na usoro leaching nke chalcocite, mmeghachi omume 2Cu_2S+8NaCN + O_2+2H_2O = 4Na[Cu(CN)_2]+2Na_2S + 4NaOH na-eme, nke na-abụghị nanị na-eri nnukwu cyanide kamakwa nnukwu oxygen.

Ọzọkwa, mmetụta leaching na-aghọ nke na-adịghị mma. Ọkwa ọla kọpa dị elu na ngwọta cyanide nwere ike ibelata arụmọrụ nke ọla edo - mgbagwoju anya cyanide. Ọla kọpa na-asọmpi ọla edo maka ion cyanide na oxygen na ngwọta. N'ihi ya, kemịkalụ kemịkalụ achọrọ maka mgbaze ọla edo dị mma na-akụghasị. Nke a na-eduga n'ịbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntanye ọla edo ma nwee ike ịkpata nsogbu na ọla edo na-esote - usoro mgbake dị ka zinc - cementation ma ọ bụ carbon - in - pulp (CIP), n'ikpeazụ na-ebute ọla edo dị ala - ọnụego mgbake na belata àgwà ngwaahịa.

Reagents ndị a na-ahụkarị maka igbochi ịcha ọla kọpa

Nnu ndu

A na-ejikarị nnu lead eme ihe dị ka reagents iji gbochie ịcha ọla kọpa na cyanidation nke ọla kọpa - na-ebu ọla edo. Nnu ndu ndị a na-ejikarị gụnyere lead nitrate (Pb(NO_3)_2), lead acetate (C_4H_6O_4Pb\cdot3H_2O), na lead oxide (PbO).

Were ụzọ acetate dịka ọmụmaatụ. Nnyocha egosiwo na ịgbakwụnye acetate ụzọ tupu cyanide leaching nwere ike igbochi ịcha ọla kọpa nke ọma, kwalite leaching nke ọla edo na ọlaọcha, ma belata oriri nke sodium cyanide. N'ihi na ụfọdụ gold itinye uche na a ọla kọpa ọdịnaya nke 4.92%, mgbe 150 g / t nke lead acetate na-agbakwunyere ozugbo tupu leaching, n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke a-egweri fineness nke -0.037 mm urughuru size aza ajụjụ maka 95%, a leaching oge nke 48 h, a sodium cyanide ịta nke 0.5%, a pH 12% nke gold, na pH 40% nke pulp. Enwere ike ibelata ihe fọdụrụ na leaching ka ọ bụrụ 1.20 g / t, ọnụ ọgụgụ leaching ọla edo ruru 97.55%, ọnụego mgbake ọlaọcha bụ 60.28%, yana oriri sodium cyanide bụ 14.37 kg / t. Nke a gosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya mmetụta dị mma nke acetate ndu na usoro a.

Usoro mgbochi nke nnu ndu nwere ike jikọta ya na nguzobe nke ogige ndị a na-apụghị ịsacha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndu nwere ike iji sọlfọ mee ihe - nwere ihe ndị dị na ore iji mepụta sulfide ndu na-adịghị edozi. Mmeghachi omume a na-ebelata ọnụọgụ sọlfọ - nwere ihe ndị nwere ike imeghachi na mineral ọla kọpa, si otú ahụ na-egbochi mgbasa nke mineral ọla kọpa. Na mgbakwunye, nnu nnu nwekwara ike imetụta ọdịdị elu nke mineral ọla kọpa, na-ebelata mmeghachi omume ha na ngwọta cyanide.

Ndị ọrụ aghụghọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, citric acid)

Ihe ndị na-egbu egbu, dị ka citric acid, nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ n'igbochi nsị ọla kọpa n'oge cyanidation. The chelating - ụdị leaching - ihe enyemaka dị ka citric acid na-arụ ọrụ site na usoro pụrụ iche. Citric acid nwere otu carboxyl na hydroxyl, nke nwere ike chelate na ion na-emerụ ahụ dị ka Cu^{2 +}, Zn^{2+}, Fe^{2+}, na Fe^{3+} n'ime pulp iji mepụta chelates kwụsiri ike.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu carboxyl dị na citric acid nwere ike ịhazi ya na ion metal site na naanị ya - ụzọ abụọ electrons nke ikuku oxygen, na-eme mgbanaka - dịka nhazi. Site n'ichegharị ion ọla ndị a, citric acid nwere ike iwepụ mmetụta ọjọọ ha na usoro leaching cyanidation, dị ka ibelata oriri oxygen ha na ngwọta. Ọzọkwa, citric acid nwere ike igbochi mgbasa nke mineral gangue dị ka calcium - na magnesium - nwere mineral. Ọ nwere ike na-emekọrịta ihe na elu nke mineral gangue ndị a, na-agbanwe ụgwọ elu ha na hydrophilic - hydrophobic Njirimara, na-eme ka ha sie ike igbari na ngwọta cyanide. Mgbochi a nke mineral gangue nwekwara ike melite "oxygen na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma" na pulp. Mgbe mineral nke gangue na-adịkarịghị agbaze, ha na-eri obere oxygen, na ikuku oxygen dị maka cyanidation nke ọla edo, nke bara uru maka ịchacha ọla edo. N'ozuzu, mgbakwunye nke citric acid nwere ike inye aka ịmepụta ebe obibi kemịkal dị mma maka cyanidation nke ọla edo, na-ebelata nnyonye anya nke ion ígwè ndị ọzọ na imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke mmịpụta ọla edo.

Ndị ọzọ (Okwu mmalite)

Na mgbakwunye na reagents ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, ịchịkwa ịta nke ion cyanide nwekwara ike ịbụ ụzọ dị irè isi mee ka mgbaze nke ọla kọpa ghara ịda mbà. Mgbe a na-achịkwa ntinye nke ion cyanide nke ọma n'ime ebe ụfọdụ, enwere ike ibelata mmeghachi omume nke mineral ọla kọpa na cyanide. Dị ka ihe atụ, maka ụfọdụ ọla ores na a dịtụ elu ọdịnaya nke mfe - soluble ọla kọpa mineral, site na-edebe ịta nke free CN ^ - ions na a dịtụ ala larịị (dị ka 0.05% - 0.10%), mgbasa ọnụego nke ọla kọpa mineral nwere ike budata nwayọọ nwayọọ, mgbe mgbasa ọnụego nke ọla edo isi minerals ka dịtụ elu, nke mere na-eme ihe na mineral disolution.

Ụzọ ọzọ bụ iji amonia - cyanide usoro. Na amonia - cyanide usoro, amonia nwere ike ịmepụta ogige na ion ọla kọpa, nke nwere ike igbochi nkwụsị nke ọla kọpa ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi mgbanwe dị elu nke amonia, ọ na-esiri ike ịnọgide na-enwe ike ịnọgidesi ike na usoro mmepụta mmepụta ihe, nke na-egbochi nnukwu ngwa ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro a nwere uru nke ibelata ịcha ọla kọpa, ihe ịma aka ndị dị na arụ ọrụ bara uru na ọnụ ahịa - irè kwesịrị ka a na-edozikwu ya.

Ihe Na-emetụta Mmetụta Reagents

Ịdị irè nke reagents eji egbochi ịcha ọla kọpa n'oge cyanidation nke ọla kọpa - na-ebu ọla ọla edo na-emetụta ọtụtụ ihe, nke dị oke mkpa iji ghọta maka ịkwalite usoro cyanidation.

Njirimara ore

1. Ụdị mineral ọla kọpa

1. Mineral ọla kọpa dị iche iche nwere mmeghachi omume dị iche iche na ngwọta cyanide. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọla kọpa - carbonate mineral dị ka malachite (Cu_2 (OH) _2CO_3) na azurite (Cu_3 (OH) _2 (CO_3) _2) na-emeghachi omume ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụfọdụ mineral ọla kọpa sulfide bụ isi dị ka chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2). Malachite na-emeghachi ngwa ngwa na cyanide dịka mmeghachi omume Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3+4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Nke a dị elu reactivity pụtara na mgbe ị na-eji reagents na-egbochi ọla kọpa leaching, a elu usoro onunu ogwu nwere ike chọrọ maka ores bara ụba na ndị dị otú ahụ reactive ọla kọpa mineral.

2. N'ụzọ dị iche, chalcopyrite nwere usoro dị mgbagwoju anya ma na-achọkwu ume na ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume kpọmkwem iji gbazee na ngwọta cyanide. Otú ọ dị, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ ka nwere ike itinye aka na oriri cyanide dị ịrịba ama. Ịghọta ọla kọpa kachasị - ụdị ịnweta na ore bụ nzọụkwụ mbụ iji chọpụta reagent kwesịrị ekwesị na usoro ọgwụgwọ ya.

2. Ọdịnaya nke ọla kọpa mineral

1. Nke dị elu nke ọla kọpa - ịnweta ịnweta na ore, nke ka ukwuu nke nwere ike ịnweta ọla kọpa na oriri cyanide kwekọrọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ọla edo - nke nwere ọla kọpa nke 5%, ọnụọgụ cyanide nke ọla kọpa na-eri - mmeghachi omume leaching ga-adị elu karịa nke ore nwere ọla kọpa nke 1%. N'ihi nke a, a ga-edozirịrị reagenti achọrọ iji gbochie ịcha ọla kọpa. Ọdịnaya dị elu - ọla kọpa - nwere ike ịchọ nnukwu nnu nnu ma ọ bụ ihe na-egbu egbu iji gbochie mgbasa ọla kọpa nke ọma. Nnyocha egosiwo na maka 1% ọ bụla na-abawanye na ngwa ngwa - ọdịnaya ọla kọpa soluble na ore, oriri nke ndu - nnu - inhibitor nwere ike ịbawanye site na 10 - 20 g / t iji nọgide na-enwe otu ọkwa nke ọla kọpa - mgbochi leaching.

Usoro Usoro

1. Ntụkwasị Cyanide

1. Ịta nke cyanide na ngwọta na-arụ ọrụ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ọla kọpa na ịdị irè nke ndị na-egbochi ya. Mgbe mkpokọta cyanide dị ala, ọnụego ọla kọpa - mmeghachi omume leaching na-ebelata. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na a na-edobe mkpokọta cyanide n'efu (CN ^ -) na 0.05% - 0.10%, enwere ike ibelata ọnụego mgbasa nke mineral ọla kọpa nke ukwuu. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ntinye nke cyanide dị ntakịrị, ọ pụkwara imetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọla edo na-adịghị mma.

2. Mgbe ị na-eji reagents dị ka nnu nnu, mkpokọta cyanide kacha mma maka ịdị irè ha nwere ike ịdị iche. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike ịchọrọ itinye uche nke cyanide dị ntakịrị elu (ihe dị ka 0.15% - 0.20%) iji hụ na ndu - onye na-egbochi nnu nwere ike mepụta ogige ndị na-adịghị edozi ya na sọlfọ - nwere ihe dị na ore, na-egbochi ịcha ọla kọpa nke ọma. Ma ọ bụrụ na ntinye nke cyanide dị oke elu, ọ nwere ike ịkwalite mgbasa nke mineral ọla kọpa n'agbanyeghị ọnụnọ nke inhibitors.

2. pH Uru

1. PH nke cyanide ngwọta dị oké mkpa maka ma ọ bụ ọla kọpa leaching na omume nke inhibitors. N'ozuzu, a na-eme usoro cyanidation na etiti alkaline, na-ejikarị pH dị na 10 - 11. N'ebe pH a, a na-echekwa nkwụsi ike nke cyanide ion, na hydrolysis nke cyanide na-ebelata.

2. Maka ndị ọrụ chelating dị ka citric acid, pH nke ngwọta na-emetụta ikike chelating ha. Citric acid nwere otu carboxyl na hydroxyl nke na-eji ion metal chelate. N'ime usoro alkaline, a na-akwalite nkewa nke otu ndị a na-arụ ọrụ, na-eme ka ikike chelating ha na ions ọla kọpa dịkwuo elu. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na pH dị elu (karịa 12), ọ nwere ike ịkpata akụkụ - mmeghachi omume nke nwere ike ibelata irè nke onye na-ahụ maka chelating. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ngwọta alkaline nke ukwuu, ụfọdụ metal - ụlọ chelate nwere ike daa, na-ahapụ ions ọla kọpa chelated laghachi na ngwọta.

3. Oge nkuzi

1. Oge nkwụsịtụ nwere ike imetụta ogo ịcha ọla kọpa na arụmọrụ nke ndị na-egbochi ya. Ka oge mkpofu ahụ na-abawanye, ọla kọpa karịa nwere ike ịgbaze ma ọ bụrụ na egbochighị ya nke ọma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime usoro nkwụsịtụ obere oge (ihe na-erughị awa 12), ọnụọgụ ọla kọpa leached nwere ike ịdị ntakịrị, na onye na-egbochi ya nwere ike ịchịkwa ọla kọpa - ọnụego leaching. Mana ọ bụrụ na agbatịkwu oge nlegharị anya ahụ ruo awa 48 ma ọ bụ karịa, mmetụta mkpokọta ọla kọpa - mmeghachi omume leaching nwere ike ịdị mkpa karịa.

2. N'ihe banyere ndị na-egbochi nnu nnu, ogologo oge ịhịa aka n'ahụ nwere ike ịchọ ka usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ dị elu dị elu. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ka oge na-aga, a ga-eji nke nta nke nta rie ndu - nwere ogige ndị na-adịghị soluble guzobere ma ọ bụ ịdị irè ha nwere ike daa n'ihi ọnụnọ na-aga n'ihu nke ihe na-emeghachi omume na ngwọta cyanide. Yabụ, ọ dị mkpa ka e jiri nlezianya tụlee oge nlegharị anya mgbe ị na-achọpụta ọnụọgụ na ụdị reagent a ga-eji maka mgbochi ọla kọpa - leaching.

Ọmụmụ ikpe na ngwa bara uru

Ikpe 1: Ngwa nke nnu ndu n'ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo na South Africa

Otu ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo na South Africa nọ na-ahazi ọla kọpa - nke nwere ọla kọpa nwere ihe dị ihe dị ka pasent 3. Tupu iji nnu nnu dị ka ihe mgbochi, usoro cyanidation chere ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu. Oriri nke cyanide dị oke elu, na-eru ihe ruru 15 kg / t nke ore, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntanye ọla edo dị naanị 80%. Ọdịnaya ọla kọpa dị elu nke dị na ọla mere ka mgbaze ọla kọpa dị ịrịba ama n'oge cyanidation, nke ọ bụghị naanị na-eri nnukwu cyanide kamakwa na-egbochi ọla edo - usoro ịsa mmiri.

Mgbe ọ gbakwụnyechara nitrate lead (Pb(NO_3)_2) na nha 200 g/t nke ore, a hụrụ mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama. E belatara oriri cyanide na 8 kg / t nke ore, mbelata nke ihe dịka 47%. Ọnụego mwepu ọla edo gbagoro ruo 90%. Uru akụ na ụba dị ịrịba ama. N'ịtụle ọnụ ahịa cyanide na uru nke ọla edo agbakwunyere enwetara, ogbunigwe ahụ zọpụtara ihe dị ka $50 kwa ton nke ọla a na-ahazi. Site n'echiche gburugburu ebe obibi, mbelata oriri cyanide pụtara obere ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi jikọtara na ntapu na mkpofu cyanide. A na-ebelatakwa ihe mkpofu nke cyanide nwere, nke bara uru maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke mpaghara.

Ikpe 2: Ngwa Chelating (Citric Acid) n'ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo na Australia

N'ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo nke Australia, ọla ahụ nwere nnukwu ọla kọpa, ọkachasị chalcopyrite na ụfọdụ mineral ọla kọpa - carbonate. Usoro cyanidation nke mbụ na-ejighi onye na-ere ahịa chelating nwere ọnụego ntanye ọla edo nke 75% yana ọnụ ọgụgụ leaching ọla kọpa nke 30%. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọla kọpa na-eduga na nnukwu oriri nke cyanide, ihe dịka 12 kg / t nke ore.

Mgbe agbakwunyere citric acid na usoro cyanidation na usoro 1 kg / t nke ore, ọnọdụ ahụ ka mma. E belatara ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpocha ọla kọpa ka ọ bụrụ 10%, yana ọnụ ahịa leaching ọla edo mụbara ruo 85%. Oriri cyanide gbadara ruo 6 kg/t nke ore. N'ụzọ akụ na ụba, ọnụ ahịa mgbakwunye citric acid dị ntakịrị ma e jiri ya tụnyere ego echekwara na oriri cyanide na mgbake ọla edo na-abawanye. Ngwuputa a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ nwere ike ịbawanye uru ọ na-enweta kwa afọ site na $300,000. N'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, mgbanaka ọla kọpa belatara pụtara obere ọla kọpa - nwere mmiri mkpofu, nke dị mfe ọgwụgwọ yana enwechaghị mmetụta na akụrụngwa mmiri na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu.

Ikpe 3: Ngwa nke New Inhibitor (MZY) n'ime ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo nke China

Otu ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo na China nọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọla kọpa na-ekpugharị - nke nwere ọla edo. Usoro cyanidation ọdịnala nwere ọnụ ahịa ntanye ọla edo nke naanị 70% na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọla kọpa, nke butere nnukwu oriri cyanide. Mgbe agbakwunyere MZY ọhụrụ inhibitor na usoro ọgwụgwọ, yana ọnọdụ usoro kachasị mma gụnyere mgbakwunye nke 18 kg / t nke wayo na 1.2 kg / t nke sodium cyanide, ọnụ ahịa leaching ọla edo ruru 83% - 84%, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọla kọpa belatara ruo 4% - 5%.

Usoro ọhụrụ a abụghị naanị na ọ na-eme ka ọla edo dịkwuo mma - ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma kamakwa belata oriri cyanide nke ukwuu. Uru akụ na ụba bụ okpukpu abụọ: mgbake ọla edo na-abawanye gbakwunyere uru na mmepụta, yana mbelata oriri cyanide na-echekwa ego. N'ihe gbasara nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, oriri cyanide dị ala na obere ọla kọpa - nwere ihe mkpofu na-ebelata ibu gburugburu ebe obibi, na-eme ka ọrụ Ngwuputa na-adigide. Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ ndị a gosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya uru bara uru nke iji reagents na-egbochi ịcha ọla kọpa na cyanidation nke ọla kọpa - na-ebu ọla edo, ma n'ihe gbasara uru akụ na ụba na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.

mmechi

N'ime usoro cyanidation nke ọla kọpa - na-ebu ọla ọla edo, ịcha ọla kọpa ọ bụghị naanị na-eduga n'inwe nnukwu oriri nke cyanide kamakwa ọ na-enwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na ọnụọgụ nke ọla edo na ọla edo na-esote - usoro mgbake. Ya mere, iji reagents na-egbochi ịcha ọla kọpa dị oke mkpa.

Nnụnụ nnu, dị ka nitrate lead, lead acetate, na lead oxide, nwere ike igbochi nsị ọla kọpa n'ụzọ dị irè site n'ịmepụta ogige ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe na sọlfọ - nwere ihe ndị dị na ore ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe ọdịdị elu nke mineral ọla kọpa. Ndị na-eme aghụghọ dị ka citric acid nwere ike iji ion ọla kọpa na ion ọla ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ chelate, na-ebelata mmetụta ọjọọ ha na usoro cyanidation. Na mgbakwunye, ịchịkwa ịta cyanide na iji usoro amonia - cyanide nwekwara ike rụọ ọrụ na-ebelata mgbaze ọla kọpa ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ.

A na-emetụta ịdị irè nke reagents ndị a site na ihe dị iche iche. Ngwongwo ore, gụnyere ụdị na ọdịnaya nke mineral ọla kọpa, na-ekpebi mmeghachi omume nke ọla kọpa na ore ma si otú a na-emetụta ọnụọgụ reagent achọrọ. Ọnọdụ usoro dị ka ịta ahụhụ cyanide, uru pH na oge mkpofu nwekwara mmetụta dị ukwuu na arụmọrụ nke reagents. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ntinye cyanide kwesịrị ekwesị na uru pH nwere ike hụ na nkwụsi ike nke ngwọta cyanide na ịdị irè nke reagent, ebe oge nkwụsịtụ nwere ike imetụta mmetụta nchịkọta nke ọla kọpa - mmeghachi omume leaching.

Site na ọmụmụ ihe, anyị ahụla uru ngwa bara uru nke reagents ndị a. Na South Africa, iji nitrate lead na-egwupụta ọla edo belatara oriri cyanide ma mụbaa ọnụ ahịa ntanye ọla edo, na-eweta nnukwu uru akụ na ụba na uru gburugburu ebe obibi. N'Australia, mgbakwunye nke citric acid n'ime ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo na-ebelata nke ọma mkpocha ọla kọpa na oriri cyanide ka ọ na-abawanye ọnụego ntanye ọla edo, nke bara uru ma akụkụ akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo nke China, iji ihe mgbochi ọhụrụ MZY, yana ọnọdụ usoro kachasị mma, kwalitere ọla edo - arụmọrụ leaching ma belata ọla kọpa - ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eri nri, na-enweta nsonaazụ akụ na ụba na gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma.

N'ozuzu, mgbe ị na-emeso cyanidation nke ọla kọpa - na-ebu ọla edo, ọ dị mkpa iji nlezianya tụlee njirimara nke ore na ihe ndị a chọrọ nke usoro ahụ, ma họrọ reagent kwesịrị ekwesị na ọnọdụ ọrụ. Ọdịnihu nnyocha nwere ike ilekwasị anya n'ihu inyocha ọzọ oru oma na gburugburu ebe obibi enyi na enyi reagents, nakwa dị ka optimizing Nchikota reagents na usoro parameters iji nweta ọzọ nke ọma, echekwa, na gburugburu ebe obibi na-adigide ọla edo - mmịpụta usoro.