Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ Cyanidation osisi cyanide nke ọla edo

In Osisi Cyanidation ọla edos, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ Mmiri mkpofu Cyanide a na-emegharịgharị ya, a ka nwere ụfọdụ cyanide A na-ewepụ ihe mkpofu mmiri ma ọ bụ cyanide. Cyanide bụ ihe na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, ya mere ọgwụgwọ ọkachamara maka mmiri mkpofu cyanide a dị mkpa tupu ahapụ ya iji zere mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi na imebi ahụike mmadụ na anụmanụ. Ugbu a, ndị na-esonụ bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu cyanide na-emekarị na osisi cyanidation ọla edo.

Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ maka mmiri mkpofu Cyanide dị ọkara na nke dị ala

Usoro Alkaline Chlorination

Usoro chlorination alkaline bụ ụzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe. N'ụzọ a, a na-agbakwunye chlorine oxidant nwere ọnọdụ oxidation dị elu na mmiri mkpofu alkaline cyanide. Ihe ndị na-eme ka oxidation dịkarịsịrị gụnyere ClO₂, Cl₂ (gas na mmiri mmiri), ntụ ọcha, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, na chlorite. N'ime ngwọta alkaline, a na-emepụta OCl⁻ ma ọ bụ oxidation chloride dị elu. Nke mbụ, a na-eme ka cyanide dị ka cyanate, wee mee ka ọ dịghachi ka ọ bụrụ Carbon dioxide na nitrogen.

• Uru : Ihe ndị e ji mee ihe ndị a dị n'ọtụtụ ebe ma dịkwa ọnụ ala. Mmetụta ọgwụgwọ dị mma, akụrụngwa e ji mee ihe dịkwa mfe, nke dị mfe iji akpaaka.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Ebe ọ bụ na cyanogen chloride emepụtara na-egbu egbu, ọ na-emerụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ ahụ nke ukwuu. Cyanogen chloride mgbe ọ na-emetụ mmiri aka nwere ike ịkpata anwụrụ ọkụ na-emebi ihe, na-emebi akụrụngwa nke ukwuu.

Usoro Inc

Emepụtara usoro Inco site na Inco Ltd. na 1982. Ọ na-agụnye ịgbakwụnye ngwakọta nke SO₂ na ikuku na mmiri mkpofu cyanide na ịchịkwa uru pH n'etiti 8 - 10. Divalent ọla kọpa ion na-eme ka oxidation nke cyanide dị na mmiri mkpofu.

• Uru : Usoro Inco dị mfe, akụrụngwa ejiri eme ihe adịghịkwa mgbagwoju anya. Mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ahụ ka mma karịa usoro chlorination (n'echeghị nsí nke thiocyanate). Isi mmalite reagent dị oke, itinye ego ya dịkwa ala karịa nke usoro alkaline chlorination.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Usoro Inco nwere nsogbu n'ime ka SCN⁻ ghara ịdị ọcha, SCN⁻ nwekwara ike ikewapụ CN⁻ ma emechaa, yabụ ọ dịghị mma maka ịgwọ mmiri mkpofu cyanide na SCN⁻ dị elu. SO₂ bụkwa ihe na-emetọ ikuku ma nwee ike ịpụ ma gbapụta n'oge mmeghachi omume ahụ, na-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

Usoro Oxidation H₂O₂

N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke pH uru nke 9.5 - 11. okpomọkụ nkịtị, na ọla kọpa (Cu²⁺) ions dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, H₂O₂ oxidizes cyanide iji mepụta CNO⁻. CNO⁻ ga-enwekwu hydrolyzed iji mepụta NH₄⁺ na CO₃²⁻, na hydrolysis ọnụego dabere na pH.

• Uru : Mmetụta ọgwụgwọ nke mmiri mkpofu cyanide dị mma, usoro a dịkwa mfe. Usoro oxidation dị mma maka ịgwọ mmiri mkpofu cyanide dị obere, ebe mkpokọta cyanide mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị erughị 0.5mg/L.

• Ihe ọghọm : H₂O₂ na-egbu egbu ma na-emebi emebi, yabụ njem na ojiji ya dị ize ndụ. Usoro oxidation nwere nsogbu n'ime ka SCN⁻ dị na mmiri mkpofu, mmiri mkpofu a na-agwọkwa ka na-egbu egbu.

Usoro Oxidation Ozone

Ozone nwere ikike oxidation siri ike nke ukwuu, nwere ikike electrode nke 2.07mV, nke abụọ na fluorine. Ọ nwere ike imebi ihe ndị ọzọ oxidants ndị ọzọ na-apụghị ire ere. Usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkal nke usoro ozone oxidation bụ na ozone na-emeghachi omume na cyanide iji mepụta cyanate, nke a na-emezi hydrolyzed iji mepụta nitrogen na carbonate.

• Uru : Ọ chọrọ naanị ngwa iji mepụta ozone, ọ dịghịkwa mkpa ịzụta ma bufee kemịkalụ. Usoro a dị mfe ma dịkwa mma, enweghị mmetọ ọzọ.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : N'ihi oke ọnụ ahịa nke ihe na-emepụta ozone na nsogbu nke mmezi akụrụngwa, enwere ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi na ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Usoro oxidation ozone na-eri nnukwu ọkụ eletrik, yabụ ọ na-esiri ike iji ya n'ebe enweghị ike zuru oke.

Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ maka elu - itinye uche na mmiri mkpofu Cyanide

Usoro acidification

Usoro acidification nwere ike ịgwọ ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ngwọta cyanide dị elu (60 × 10⁻⁶ + NaCN) ewepụtara na ụlọ ọrụ. Enwere ike ibelata ion cyanide n'efu na ngwọta na 1 × 10⁻⁶.

• Uru : Ọ nwere ike ime ka cyanide nwetaghachi ike, megharịa akụrụngwa, ma nwee nnukwu uru akụ na ụba.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Ego e tinyere n'otu oge buru ibu nke ukwuu, ụfọdụ obere na obere ụlọ ọrụ enweghịkwa ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ya. Ọrụ a dị mgbagwoju anya, pulp e gwọrọ ka na-esikwa ike iru ihe achọrọ maka mwepụta ya.

Ụzọ mmebi eke

Usoro mmebi nke okike bụ usoro nchacha nke na-emebi cyanide site na iji ihe okike dị ka ìhè. Ọ na-agụnye mmetụta nke cyanide volatilization, decomposition, oxidation, photochemical degenradation, biodegradation, mmiri ozuzo, na adsorption, nke bụ n'ihi mmetụta dị mgbagwoju anya nke kemịkalụ anụ ahụ, photochemistry, na biochemistry.

• Uru : Ụzọ nhicha eke nwere ike imezu ebumnuche nke iwepụ cyanide na-enweghị ngwa ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ ọ bụla, yabụ ọnụ ahịa ya dị obere nke ukwuu.

• Ihe ọghọm : Usoro a na-aga nwayọ nwayọ, mmiri mkpofu a gwọrọ enweghịkwa ike iru ụkpụrụ mwepụta.

Abụọ - Usoro mmiri ozuzo nke ọkwa

The abụọ - ogbo ọdịda usoro bụ nke ọma mechiri emechi - loop full - okirikiri usoro emebere maka obere na ọkara - sized gold cyanidation osisi na elu - itinye uche SCN⁻ mmiri mkpofu, nke nwere ike nweta "efu efu" nke mmiri mkpofu. Ụzọ mmiri ozuzo nke abụọ na-agụnye ịgbakwụnye ihe na-akpali akpali na oxygen zuru ezu na cyanide na mmiri mkpofu, wee wepụ cyanide site na mmeghachi omume ndị a na ọla edo - ihe na-ebu.

2Cu⁺ + 2SCN⁻Cu₂(SCN)₂↓

Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→CaSO₄↓

Pb²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→PbSO₄↓

H⁺ + CN → HCN

• Uru : Ọ nwere ike iwepụ ion ígwè dị arọ n'ime ngwọta ahụ wee nweta imegharị mmiri mkpofu.

• Ihe Ọjọọ : Mmiri ozuzo nke mbụ ga-akwụsị kpamkpam. Ma ọ bụghị ya, mgbe ị na-etinye alkali, cuprous rhodanate ga-agbaze ọzọ, na-emetụta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ ahụ. CaSO₄ na-enweghị mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ibute mkpọchi valvụ.

Ndị a bụ ụzọ a na-esi agwọ mmiri mkpofu cyanide na osisi cyanidation ọla edo. Na mgbakwunye na cyanide dị n'elu - ụzọ iwepụ, ibelata ojiji nke cyanide n'ime usoro cyanidation ọla edo nwekwara ike ibelata nkwụsị nke mmiri mkpofu cyanide.