Kafukufuku pa Njira Yoletsa ya Sodium Cyanide mu Lead-Zinc Separation Flotation

1. Introduction

Pankhani ya mineral processing, kulekanitsa kwa lead ndi zinki mchere kumakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Froth flotation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulekanitsa uku, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opondereza oyenera ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kupatukana koyenera. Sodium cyanide wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati depressant mu lead-zinki kulekana flotation. Kumvetsetsa kachitidwe kake kolepheretsa ndikofunikira pakuwongolera njira yoyandama, kupititsa patsogolo kulekanitsa bwino, komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagent. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kuchita kafukufuku mwadongosolo pa njira yoletsa Sodium cyanide mu lead-zinc kupatukana flotation.

2. Udindo wa Depressants mu Flotation

Mu njira ya foam flotation, depressants ndi reagents zomwe zingalepheretse kapena kuchepetsa adsorption kapena zochita za otolera pamwamba pa mchere omwe sali chandamale ndikupanga filimu ya hydrophilic pazitsulo za mcherezi. Pakuyandama kolekanitsa kwa lead-zinc, cholinga chachikulu ndikulekanitsa mchere wotsogolera (monga galena) ndi mchere wa zinc (monga sphalerite). Popanda zodetsa nkhawa zogwira mtima, zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa kulekanitsa kwakukulu chifukwa zonse zamtovu ndi zinki zimatha kuwonetsa machitidwe oyandama ofanana pamaso pa osonkhanitsa.

3. Hydrolysis ya Sodium Cyanide ndi Ubale Wake ndi pH

Sodium cyanide hydrolyzes m'madzi, ndipo zinthu za hydrolysis ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi pH yazamkati. Kafukufuku woyeserera wasonyeza kuti pamene zamkati pH ndi 7.0. pafupifupi zonse Sodium Cyanide hydrolyzes kupanga mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide. Pamene zamkati pH ndi 12.0. sodium cyanide pafupifupi amasiyanitsidwa kwathunthu kukhala ayoni a cyanide. Pamene zamkati pH ndi 9.3. chiŵerengero cha hydrogen cyanide ndi cyanide ayoni ndi 1: 1. Khalidwe lodalira pH la hydrolysis la sodium cyanide limakhudza kwambiri kuletsa kwake ku mchere.

4. Njira Zoletsa za Sodium Cyanide pa Sphalerite

4.1 Kuwonongeka kwa Kanema Wopangidwa ndi Copper Sulfide pa Sphalerite Surface

Pamene sphalerite imayendetsedwa ndi mkuwa sulfate, filimu yamkuwa ya sulfide imapanga pamwamba pake, yomwe imawonjezera kuyandama kwa sphalerite. Sodium cyanide imatha kusungunula filimu yamkuwa ya sulfide pamwamba pa sphalerite. Pamene filimu yamkuwa ya sulfide imasungunuka, malo oyambirira a sphalerite osasunthika bwino amawonekera. Chifukwa chake, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti wokhometsa adsorb pamtunda wa sphalerite, ndikulepheretsa kuyandama kwa sphalerite.

4.2 Kupanga Mafilimu a Hydrophilic pa Sphalerite Surface

Ma cyanide ions mu sodium cyanide amatha kusinthanitsa-adsorb ndi anions ngati ayoni a sulfate ndi omwe amachokera kwa osonkhanitsa monga xanthates pamtunda wa sphalerite. Mwachitsanzo, pochita ndi ayoni a zinki pamtunda wa sphalerite, amatha kupanga filimu ya hydrophilic zinc cyanide. Filimu ya hydrophilic iyi imalepheretsa kuyanjana pakati pa sphalerite pamwamba ndi wosonkhanitsa, kuchepetsa kutsatsa kwa osonkhanitsa pamtunda wa sphalerite, motero kukwaniritsa cholinga choletsa kuyandama kwa sphalerite.

4.3 Kusungunuka - Kusokonezeka kwa Metal Xanthates

Sodium cyanide imatha kusungunuka komanso kusakanikirana ndi zitsulo za xanthate, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posonkhanitsa mu sulfide mineral flotation. Kwa mchere wokhudzana ndi zinc, zovuta za xanthate-zinc zomwe zimapangidwira pamwamba pa sphalerite zimatha kuwonongeka ndi sodium cyanide. Kuphatikizika kwa sodium cyanide ndi ayoni achitsulo mu xanthates kumafooketsa mgwirizano pakati pa osonkhanitsa ndi mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti xanthates awonongeke kuchokera ku sphalerite pamwamba. Zotsatira zake, kuyandama kwa sphalerite kumalephereka.

5. Kusankhidwa kwa Sodium Cyanide kupita ku Mchere Wosiyanasiyana

Kutengera kuthekera kwa sodium cyanide kupanga ma cyanide okhazikika okhala ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, zitsulo wamba ndi mchere wawo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Maminolo a lead, thallium, bismuth, antimoni, arsenic, tini, rhodium: Mcherewu sungathe kupanga makina okhazikika a cyanide okhala ndi sodium cyanide. Chifukwa chake, sodium cyanide ilibe choletsa chilichonse pamichere iyi. Pakuyandama kolekanitsa kwa lead-zinc, malowa amawonetsetsa kuti mchere wamtovu suletsedwa ndi sodium cyanide ndipo ukhoza kuyandama bwino.

2. Mchere wa platinamu, CHIFUNDO, siliva, cadmium, mkuwa: Mcherewu ukhoza kupanga cyanide complexes okhazikika ndi sodium cyanide, koma mlingo wochuluka wa sodium cyanide umafunika kuti utetezeke. Pankhani ya kupatukana kwa lead-zinc, ngati pali zonyansa zokhala ndi mkuwa mu ore, kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide kungafunike kuletsa mchere wokhudzana ndi mkuwa ndikuletsa kusokoneza kulekanitsa kwa lead ndi zinc.

3. Minerals zinki, faifi tambala, golide, chitsulo: Mcherewu ukhoza kupanga makina okhazikika a cyanide okhala ndi sodium cyanide. Sodium cyanide imakhala ndi mphamvu yoletsa kwambiri mcherewu, ndipo sodium cyanide yaying'ono imatha kuletsa kwambiri. Pakuyandama kolekanitsa kwa lead-zinc, izi zimapangitsa kuletsa kogwira mtima kwa mchere wokhala ndi chitsulo (monga pyrite) ndi mchere wokhala ndi zinc, womwe umapindulitsa pakuyandama kosankha kwa mchere wotsogolera.

6. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mothandiza ndi Kuganizira

M'machitidwe oyendetsa olekanitsa a lead-zinki, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kumafuna kukhathamiritsa mosamala. Mlingo wa sodium cyanide uyenera kusinthidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ka miyala, zomwe zili mu lead ndi zinc minerals, komanso kupezeka kwa zonyansa zina. Ngati mlingowo ndi wochepa kwambiri, kulepheretsa kwa mchere wa zinki ndi mchere wogwirizana nawo kungakhale kosakwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lead ikhale yochepa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ngati mlingowo ndi wochuluka kwambiri, sikuti umangowonjezera mtengo wa reagent komanso ungayambitse mavuto a chilengedwe chifukwa cha poizoni wa cyanide.

Komanso, mtengo wa pH wa zamkati, womwe umakhudza hydrolysis ya sodium cyanide, uyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Mitundu yoyenera ya pH yoyendetsa kupatukana kwa lead-zinc pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi 9 - 11. M'kati mwa pH iyi, sodium cyanide ikhoza kukhalapo mu mawonekedwe omwe amathandiza kuletsa mchere wa zinki pamene akuchepetsa kutaya kwa mchere wotsogolera chifukwa cha kulepheretsa kwambiri.

7. Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyandama kwa lead-zinc kulekanitsa kudzera munjira zingapo zoletsa. Ndi kusungunula adamulowetsa mkuwa sulfide filimu pa sphalerite pamwamba, kupanga hydrophilic filimu pamwamba sphalerite pamwamba, ndi Kusungunuka-complexing zitsulo xanthates, izo bwino linalake ndipo tikulephera kuyandama kwa zinki mchere. Kusankhidwa kwake ku mchere wosiyanasiyana kumapereka maziko olekanitsa mchere wa lead ndi zinc. Komabe, pakugwiritsa ntchito, zinthu monga kuwongolera mlingo ndi kusintha kwa pH ya zamkati ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala kuti tikwaniritse kulekanitsa kwa lead-zinc koyenera, kopanda ndalama, komanso kosamalira zachilengedwe. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka m'derali atha kuyang'ana pakupanga njira zina zogwirira ntchito bwino komanso zowononga chilengedwe m'malo mwa sodium cyanide ndikusunga kapena kupititsa patsogolo kulekanitsa kwa mchere wa lead-zinc.