Kafukufuku pa Njira Yoletsa ya Sodium Cyanide mu Lead-Zinc Separation Flotation

1. Introduction

Mu ntchito yokonza mchere, kulekanitsa kwa mchere wa lead ndi zinc ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kuyandama kwa thovu ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulekanitsa kumeneku, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kupsinjika ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kulekanitsa koyenera. Sodium cyanide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala oletsa kupsinjika pakulekanitsa kwa lead ndi zinc. Kumvetsetsa njira yake yoletsa kupsinjika ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukonza njira yoyandama, kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa, komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagent. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kuchita kafukufuku wokhazikika pa njira yoletsa kuyandama kwa Sodium cyanide pakulekanitsa kwa lead ndi zinc.

2. Udindo wa Depressants mu Flotation

Mu njira ya foam flotation, depressants ndi reagents zomwe zingalepheretse kapena kuchepetsa adsorption kapena zochita za otolera pamwamba pa mchere omwe sali chandamale ndikupanga filimu ya hydrophilic pazitsulo za mcherezi. Pakuyandama kolekanitsa kwa lead-zinc, cholinga chachikulu ndikulekanitsa mchere wotsogolera (monga galena) ndi mchere wa zinc (monga sphalerite). Popanda zodetsa nkhawa zogwira mtima, zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa kulekanitsa kwakukulu chifukwa zonse zamtovu ndi zinki zimatha kuwonetsa machitidwe oyandama ofanana pamaso pa osonkhanitsa.

3. Hydrolysis ya Sodium Cyanide ndi Ubale Wake ndi pH

Sodium cyanide imasungunuka m'madzi, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi pH ya zamkati. Kafukufuku woyesera wasonyeza kuti pamene zamkati pH ndi 7.0, pafupifupi Sodium Cyanide yonse imasungunuka kuti ipange mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide. Pamene zamkati pH ndi 12.0, sodium cyanide imagawanika pafupifupi kwathunthu kukhala ma ayoni a cyanide. Pamene zamkati pH ndi 9.3, chiŵerengero cha hydrogen cyanide ndi ma ayoni a cyanide ndi 1:1. Khalidwe la sodium cyanide lomwe limadalira pH limakhudza kwambiri mphamvu yake yoletsa mchere.

4. Njira Zoletsa za Sodium Cyanide pa Sphalerite

4.1 Kuwonongeka kwa Kanema Wopangidwa ndi Copper Sulfide pa Sphalerite Surface

Pamene sphalerite imayendetsedwa ndi mkuwa sulfate, filimu yamkuwa ya sulfide imapanga pamwamba pake, yomwe imawonjezera kuyandama kwa sphalerite. Sodium cyanide imatha kusungunula filimu yamkuwa ya sulfide pamwamba pa sphalerite. Pamene filimu yamkuwa ya sulfide imasungunuka, malo oyambirira a sphalerite osasunthika bwino amawonekera. Chifukwa chake, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti wokhometsa adsorb pamtunda wa sphalerite, ndikulepheretsa kuyandama kwa sphalerite.

4.2 Kupanga Mafilimu a Hydrophilic pa Sphalerite Surface

Ma cyanide ions mu sodium cyanide amatha kusinthanitsa-adsorb ndi anions ngati ayoni a sulfate ndi omwe amachokera kwa osonkhanitsa monga xanthates pamtunda wa sphalerite. Mwachitsanzo, pochita ndi ayoni a zinki pamtunda wa sphalerite, amatha kupanga filimu ya hydrophilic zinc cyanide. Filimu ya hydrophilic iyi imalepheretsa kuyanjana pakati pa sphalerite pamwamba ndi wosonkhanitsa, kuchepetsa kutsatsa kwa osonkhanitsa pamtunda wa sphalerite, motero kukwaniritsa cholinga choletsa kuyandama kwa sphalerite.

4.3 Kusungunuka - Kusokonezeka kwa Metal Xanthates

Sodium cyanide imatha kusungunuka komanso kusakanikirana ndi zitsulo za xanthate, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posonkhanitsa mu sulfide mineral flotation. Kwa mchere wokhudzana ndi zinc, zovuta za xanthate-zinc zomwe zimapangidwira pamwamba pa sphalerite zimatha kuwonongeka ndi sodium cyanide. Kuphatikizika kwa sodium cyanide ndi ayoni achitsulo mu xanthates kumafooketsa mgwirizano pakati pa osonkhanitsa ndi mchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti xanthates awonongeke kuchokera ku sphalerite pamwamba. Zotsatira zake, kuyandama kwa sphalerite kumalephereka.

5. Kusankhidwa kwa Sodium Cyanide kupita ku Mchere Wosiyanasiyana

Kutengera kuthekera kwa sodium cyanide kupanga ma cyanide okhazikika okhala ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, zitsulo wamba ndi mchere wawo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Mineral ya lead, thallium, bismuth, antimony, arsenic, tin, rhodium : Mineral iyi singathe kupanga ma complexes a cyanide okhazikika ndi sodium cyanide. Chifukwa chake, sodium cyanide ilibe mphamvu yoletsa mcherewu. Pakusiyana kwa lead-zinc, izi zimatsimikizira kuti mchere wa lead sulepheretsedwa ndi sodium cyanide ndipo ukhoza kuyandama bwino.

2. Mineral ya platinamu, MERCURY , siliva, cadmium, mkuwa : Mineral iyi imatha kupanga ma cyanide okhazikika ndi sodium cyanide, koma kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide kumafunika kuti pakhale kuletsa. Pankhani yolekanitsa lead-zinc, ngati pali zinthu zodetsedwa zokhala ndi mkuwa mumkuwa, kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide kungafunike kuti kulepheretse mchere wokhudzana ndi mkuwa ndikuletsa kusokonezana kwa lead ndi zinc.

3. Mineral ya zinc, nickel, golide, ndi chitsulo : Mineral iyi imatha kupanga ma cyanide complexes okhazikika kwambiri ndi sodium cyanide. Sodium cyanide imakhala ndi mphamvu yoletsa kwambiri pa mcherewu, ndipo kuchuluka kochepa kwa sodium cyanide kungayambitse kuletsa kwakukulu. Pakulekanitsidwa kwa lead-zinc, khalidweli limalola kuletsa bwino kwa mchere wokhala ndi chitsulo (monga pyrite) ndi mchere wokhala ndi zinc, zomwe zimathandiza pakuyandama kwa mchere wokhala ndi lead.

6. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mothandiza ndi Kuganizira

M'machitidwe oyendetsa olekanitsa a lead-zinki, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kumafuna kukhathamiritsa mosamala. Mlingo wa sodium cyanide uyenera kusinthidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ka miyala, zomwe zili mu lead ndi zinc minerals, komanso kupezeka kwa zonyansa zina. Ngati mlingowo ndi wochepa kwambiri, kulepheretsa kwa mchere wa zinki ndi mchere wogwirizana nawo kungakhale kosakwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lead ikhale yochepa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ngati mlingowo ndi wochuluka kwambiri, sikuti umangowonjezera mtengo wa reagent komanso ungayambitse mavuto a chilengedwe chifukwa cha poizoni wa cyanide.

Komanso, mtengo wa pH wa zamkati, womwe umakhudza hydrolysis ya sodium cyanide, uyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Mitundu yoyenera ya pH yoyendetsa kupatukana kwa lead-zinc pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupi ndi 9 - 11. M'kati mwa pH iyi, sodium cyanide ikhoza kukhalapo mu mawonekedwe omwe amathandiza kuletsa mchere wa zinki pamene akuchepetsa kutaya kwa mchere wotsogolera chifukwa cha kulepheretsa kwambiri.

7. Kutsiliza

Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyandama kwa lead-zinc kulekanitsa kudzera munjira zingapo zoletsa. Ndi kusungunula adamulowetsa mkuwa sulfide filimu pa sphalerite pamwamba, kupanga hydrophilic filimu pamwamba sphalerite pamwamba, ndi Kusungunuka-complexing zitsulo xanthates, izo bwino linalake ndipo tikulephera kuyandama kwa zinki mchere. Kusankhidwa kwake ku mchere wosiyanasiyana kumapereka maziko olekanitsa mchere wa lead ndi zinc. Komabe, pakugwiritsa ntchito, zinthu monga kuwongolera mlingo ndi kusintha kwa pH ya zamkati ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala kuti tikwaniritse kulekanitsa kwa lead-zinc koyenera, kopanda ndalama, komanso kosamalira zachilengedwe. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka m'derali atha kuyang'ana pakupanga njira zina zogwirira ntchito bwino komanso zowononga chilengedwe m'malo mwa sodium cyanide ndikusunga kapena kupititsa patsogolo kulekanitsa kwa mchere wa lead-zinc.