Sodium Cyanide: Poizoni ndi Njira Zothandizira Choyamba

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amaika chiwopsezo ku thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira cha kawopsedwe ndi zofunikira zake Njira zothandizira ngati awonetsedwa.

Kumvetsetsa Kuopsa kwa Sodium Cyanide

Njira ya Toxicity

Sodium cyanide imatulutsa cyanide ions (CN-) ikakumana ndi madzi kapena zidulo. Ma cyanide ions awa ali ndi mgwirizano wapamwamba kwambiri wachitsulo mu cytochrome oxidase, puloteni yofunika kwambiri pamayendedwe a ma elekitironi m'maselo. Pomanga ku cytochrome oxidase, cyanide imasokoneza kayendedwe kabwino ka ma elekitironi, ndikuletsa kupuma kwa aerobic. Zotsatira zake, maselo amalephera kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kuti apange mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a adenosine triphosphate (ATP), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo afe mofulumira.

Njira Zowonetsera

1. Kutsegula: Kupuma mpweya wa cyanide, womwe umatha kupangidwa pamene Sodium cyanide imakhudzidwa ndi zidulo kapena kutentha, ndi imodzi mwa njira zowopsa kwambiri zowonekera. Ngakhale cyanide yaying'ono yokokedwa imatha kulowa mwachangu m'magazi kudzera m'mapapo ndikuyambitsa kawopsedwe.

2. Kusakaniza: Kumeza Sodium Cyanide m’njira iliyonse, kaya ngati cholimba, chosungunuka m’madzi, kapena m’zakudya zoipitsidwa kapena zakumwa zoipitsidwa, zingayambitsenso poizoni wakupha. Malo acidic m'mimba amatha kufulumizitsa kutulutsidwa kwa ayoni a cyanide, ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa mayamwidwe m'thupi.

3. Dermal Contact: Ngakhale khungu limapereka chitetezo, kukhudzana kwanthawi yayitali kapena kwakukulu sodium cyanide amatha kulola kuti mankhwalawo alowe pakhungu ndi kulowa m'magazi. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati khungu lathyoka, lophwanyika, kapena lakhudzana ndi madzi, chifukwa likhoza kupititsa patsogolo kuyamwa kwa cyanide.

Acute Poizoni Zizindikiro

1. Zizindikiro Zoyamba: Ozunzidwa amatha kukumana ndi zizindikiro mofulumira, kuyambira mutu, chizungulire, kufooka, ndi chisokonezo. Angathenso kumva kupuma movutikira, kupuma mofulumira, ndi kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira. Pakhoza kukhala fungo la "amondi - ngati" pa mpweya, ngakhale kuti si aliyense amene angazindikire fungo ili.

2. Kukula kwa Zizindikiro: Pamene chiphecho chikukulirakulira, zizindikiro zimakula kwambiri. Kukomoka, kukomoka, ndi kulephera kupuma kumatha kuchitika. Pazovuta kwambiri, kumangidwa kwa mtima kungatsatire, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa mkati mwa mphindi zochepa mpaka maola okhudzidwa, malingana ndi mlingo ndi njira yowonetsera.

Thandizo Loyamba la Kuwonekera kwa Sodium Cyanide

Zochitika Zapomwepo Pamsewu

1. Onetsetsani Chitetezo: Asanapereke chithandizo choyamba, wopulumutsayo ayenera kutsimikizira chitetezo chawo. Valani zida zodzitetezera zoyenera, monga magolovesi, magalasi, ndi chotchinga chopumira, kuti mupewe kukhudzidwanso ndi cyanide. Ngati kuwonetseredwa kunachitika pamalo otsekedwa, tulukani pamalopo nthawi yomweyo ndikupita kumpweya wabwino.

2. Itanirani kwa Emergency Medical Services: Imbani nambala yadzidzidzi yakuderalo (mwachitsanzo, 911 ku United States) mwachangu momwe mungathere. Perekani zidziwitso zomveka bwino za mtundu wa kuwonetseredwa, kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide yomwe akuganiziridwa, komanso momwe wodwalayo alili.

Thandizo Loyamba Pakupuma Pakamwa

1. Pitani ku Mpweya Watsopano: Ngati wovulalayo wapuma mpweya wa cyanide, asunthireni msanga kumalo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Masulani zovala zothina pakhosi, pachifuwa, kapena m'chiuno kuti muzipuma bwino. Sungani wozunzidwayo kukhala wofunda ndi womasuka.

2. Yang'anirani Kupuma: Muziyang’anira mosalekeza kupuma kwa wozunzidwayo. Ngati kupuma kwasiya kapena kwawonongeka kwambiri, yambani kutsitsimula mtima kwa mtima (CPR) mwamsanga ngati mwaphunzitsidwa kutero. Gwiritsani ntchito chida chotchinga, monga choteteza kumaso, kuti musakhudze mkamwa ndi mphuno za wozunzidwayo.

Thandizo Loyamba la Kuwonetsa Kudya

1. Osayambitsa KusanzaMosiyana ndi poizoni wina, kusanza sikuvomerezeka kuti munthu amwe sodium cyanide. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kusanza kumatha kuonjezera chiwopsezo cha chiwopsezo cha cyanide - chokhala ndi zinthu m'mapapu, zomwe zitha kukulitsa vutoli.

2. Tsukani Pakamwa: Ngati wovulalayo akudziwa, muzimutsuka bwino mkamwa ndi madzi kuti muchotse sodium cyanide yotsalayo. Osapatsa wozunzidwayo chakudya kapena chakumwa pokhapokha atalangizidwa ndi achipatala.

Thandizo Loyamba la Kuwonekera kwa Dermal

1. Chotsani Zovala Zowonongeka: Chotsani nthawi yomweyo chovala chilichonse chomwe chakhudzana ndi sodium cyanide. Samalani kuti musafalitse matendawa ku ziwalo zina za thupi kapena kwa wopulumutsa.

2. Tsukani Khungu: Tsukani khungu lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi madzi ochulukirapo kwa mphindi 15 - 20. Gwiritsani ntchito sopo wocheperako ngati alipo, koma pewani kuchapa khungu mwamphamvu chifukwa izi zitha kuwonjezera kuyamwa. Mukamaliza kuchapa, phimbani ndi chovala choyera, chowuma.

Pomaliza, sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chapoizoni kwambiri, ndipo kuwonekera kulikonse kokayikiridwa kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Pomvetsetsa kuopsa kwake komanso kudziwa njira zoyenera zothandizira, titha kupulumutsa miyoyo pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.