The activation and passivation zotsatira za lead salt pa gold cyanidation process

Introduction

Golide cyanidation ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yamigodi pochotsa golide m'miyala yake. Kuwonjezera kwa mankhwala ena kungakhudze kwambiri momwe ntchitoyi ikuyendera. Zina mwa zowonjezera izi, Kutsogolera Salts awonetsa zovuta, zonse kuyambitsa ndi kuletsa, pa Gold Cyanidation anachita. Kumvetsetsa zotsatirazi ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse bwino Kutulutsa Golide njira, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndi kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

The Gold Cyanidation Process Basics

Gold cyanidation, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti MacArthur-Forrest process, imakhudza momwe golide amachitira cyanide ions pamaso pa mpweya. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuti golidi asungunuke kuchokera ku matrix a ore kupita ku yankho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ayambenso kuchira. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa zonyansa zosiyanasiyana mu ore ndi momwe zinthu zimachitikira zimatha kukhudza momwe golide amasungunuka mwachangu komanso kwathunthu.

Kuyambitsa Zotsatira za Mchere Wotsogolera

Njira Yoyambitsa

Ntchito Yothandizira mu Electrochemical Reactions

Mchere wotsogolera ukhoza kukhala ngati chothandizira mu ndondomeko ya golide ya cyanidation. M'madera otsika kwambiri (- 0.35 V vs. Ag / AgCl), kuwonjezera mchere wotsogolera kwasonyezedwa kuti kufulumizitsa ndondomeko ya golide muzitsulo za cyanide. Kuyesa kwa cyclic voltammetry (CV) kukuwonetsa kuti lead imatenga nawo gawo pamachitidwe a electrochemical omwe amapezeka pamtunda wagolide. Pansi pa cyanidation, golidi amapanga ma alloys okhala ndi lead. Ma alloys awa amapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta electrochemical pamwamba pa golide, pomwe makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuchepetsa zimachitika nthawi imodzi. The makutidwe ndi okosijeni anachita pa mawonekedwe a golide - aloyi amalimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa golide, pamene kuchepetsa kuchitapo kanthu kumaphatikizapo okosijeni kapena zinthu zina okosijeni mu yankho. Izi electrochemical action imathandizira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa golide.

Kuletsa Zochita Zonyansa

M'miyala yokhala ndi mkuwa ndi zonyansa zina, mchere wamtovu umathandizira. Mchere wamkuwa mu ore amatha kudya cyanide ndi mpweya, kupikisana ndi golide - cyanidation reaction. Mchere wamchere umalumikizana ndi ayoni amkuwa kapena mchere wokhala ndi mkuwa, kupanga zinthu zosasungunuka zomwe zimalepheretsa mchere wamkuwa kusungunuka. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide yomwe imadyedwa ndi mkuwa, ndikusiya cyanide yochulukirapo pakuchita kwa golide - cyanidation ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide. Pamwamba - wamkuwa wokhala ndi miyala yamkuwa, kuwonjezera mchere wotsogolera kwawonedwa kuti kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mkuwa wosungunuka mu njira ya cyanide, kusunga chiŵerengero chabwino cha kusungunuka kwa golide.

Umboni Woyesera Woyambitsa

Maphunziro a labotale ndi mafakitale atsimikizira Ntchito Yoyambitsamchere wamchere. Mu kafukufuku wina pa golide - okhala ndi golide ndi 0.25% galena, kuwonjezera mchere wotsogolera kwambiri patsogolo golide leaching mlingo. Zochita zamafakitale zimathandiziranso izi. M'migodi ina ya golide, pokonza mitundu ina ya ore, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mchere wofunikira kumachepetsa kumwa kwa mchere. Sodium Cyanide kuchokera kupitirira 12 kg/t kufika pa 5 kg/t ndipo anawonjezera kubweza golide kufika pa 98%.

Kuzimitsa Zotsatira za Mchere Wotsogolera

Zoyenera Kuyimitsa

Kukhalapo kwa Silicate ndi Mtsogoleri Wina - Wokhala ndi Mchere

Pazifukwa zina, makamaka pamaso pa silicate ndi kutsogolera enieni - kukhala ndi mchere, kuwonjezera kutsogolera kungachedwetse makutidwe ndi okosijeni a golidi. Pa kuthekera kwa - 0.35 V (vs. Ag / AgCl), mlingo umene golide amasungunuka amachepa. Chifukwa chenichenicho ndi chovuta, koma chitha kuphatikizira kupanga mafilimu apamwamba kapena kuyanjana kwa zinthu zotsogola ndi golide pamwamba, zomwe zimatchinga ma ion cyanide ndi okosijeni kuti afikire golidi. Mwachitsanzo, mchere wina wokhala ndi lead umachita ndi cyanide solution kupanga zinthu zomwe zimaphimba pamwamba pa golide, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupita patsogolo kwa cyanidation reaction.

High - Sulfur Ores

M'matanthwe apamwamba a sulfure, kuwonjezera lead sikungakhale kopindulitsa ndipo kungayambitsenso kuyimitsa. Pamene sulfure ili mu ore ndi yochuluka, mchere wa sulfide umapangidwa ndi oxidized kukhala elemental sulfure panthawi ya cyanidation. Sulfure yoyambira iyi imapanga wosanjikiza pamwamba pa golide womwe umalepheretsa kuti isagwirizane ndi cyanide - yankho la okosijeni. Mthovu ukhoza kulimbikitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni a mchere wa sulfide kukhala sulfure, kulepheretsanso kuchitapo kanthu kwa golide wa cyanidation ndikupangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa kusungunuka kwa golide.

Umboni Wowunika Wakulepheretsa

Kusanthula kwa X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) kumapereka umboni wa zotsatira zolepheretsa. Mu zitsanzo kuchokera ku njira za sulfure ore cyanidation zokhala ndi kutsogolera, mawonekedwe a XPS amawonetsa kukhalapo kwa sulfure - yokhala ndi zinthu pamtunda wa golide, zomwe zikuwonetsa mapangidwe a sulfure wosanjikiza. Mayeso a Electrochemical amatsimikiziranso kuti kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wagolide kumachepa pamaso pa silicate ndi lead - kukhala ndi mchere.

Zinthu Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kusamvana pakati pa Kuyambitsa ndi Kuletsa

Kuthira kwa Mchere Wotsogolera

Kuchuluka kwa mchere wamtovu wowonjezeredwa ku dongosolo la cyanidation ndikofunikira. Pakuchulukirachulukira, mchere wa lead nthawi zambiri umapangitsa kuti golide azisungunuka. Koma ngati ndende ndi okwera kwambiri, zingachititse kuti mapangidwe kwambiri anachita mankhwala kuti deactivation. Mwachitsanzo, kuchulukirachulukira kwa ayoni amtovu kumatha kupangitsa kuti ma cyanide achuluke kwambiri omwe amavala pamwamba pa golide ndikuletsa cyanidation reaction.

Ore Composition

Mapangidwe a ore, kuphatikizapo mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere wa sulfide, silicates, ndi zonyansa zina, zimatsimikizira ngati mchere wotsogolera umakhala ngati woyambitsa kapena wolepheretsa. Ores omwe ali ndi mchere wambiri wa sulfide, monga pyrite mu high-sulfur ores, amatha kutsekedwa pamene lead yawonjezedwa. Mosiyana ndi izi, ores okhala ndi mchere wambiri wamkuwa amatha kupindula ndi kuyambitsa kwa mchere wamchere.

Zochita Zochita

Zomwe zimachitika monga kutentha, pH, komanso kuchuluka kwa okosijeni ndi cyanide mu yankho zimakhudzanso kuyambitsa ndi kuletsa kwa mchere wa lead. Kutentha kwapamwamba kumatha kufulumizitsa zonse zomwe zimapindulitsa komanso zovulaza zokhudzana ndi mtovu. PH ya yankho imakhudza momwe lead ndi ayoni ena achitsulo amakhalira, zomwe zimakhudza kuyanjana kwawo ndi golide ndi mchere wina. Mpweya wokwanira wa okosijeni ndi wofunikira kuti golide - cyanidation reaction ichitike bwino, ndipo mchere wotsogolera umatha kulumikizana ndi okosijeni m'njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, mwina kukulitsa kapena kuletsa zomwe zimachitika.

Kutsiliza

Mchere wotsogolera umakhala ndi mphamvu zoyambitsa komanso zolepheretsa pa njira ya golide ya cyanidation. Zotsatira zoyambitsa, monga kuchititsa ma electrochemical reaction ndi kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa zonyansa, zitha kupititsa patsogolo bwino kutulutsa golide. Komabe, pansi pazifukwa zina, monga kukhalapo kwa silicate, mchere wopangidwa ndi lead, kapena miyala ya sulfure yapamwamba, mchere wotsogolera ungayambitse kutsekeka mwa kuchepetsa kutsekemera kwa golide kapena kupanga zigawo zotchinga pamwamba pa golide. Kumvetsetsa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza izi, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mchere wotsogolera, kapangidwe ka ore, ndi momwe amachitira, ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mchere wamchere mu golide cyanidation. Poyang'anira zinthu izi mosamala, makampani amigodi amatha kukulitsa kutulutsa golide, kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa reagent, kuchulukitsa phindu, ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo atha kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga mitundu yolondola kwambiri yolosera zamchere zamchere m'malo osiyanasiyana opangira ore ndikupeza njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi zotsatirapo.