Sodium cyanide Leaching Efficiency: Zomwe Zimagwira Ntchito ndi Njira Zowonjezera

Introduction

Cyanide leaching, makamaka ndi sodium cyanide, wakhala mwala wapangodya kwa nthaŵi yaitali pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, makamaka golidi ndi siliva, kuchokera ku miyala ya miyala. Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mafakitale ku 1887. Njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri komanso mtengo wake. Komabe, njirayi ndi yovuta, ndipo mphamvu zake zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri. Kumvetsetsa zinthu izi n'kofunika kwambiri kuti zitsulo ziwonjezeke komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito m'mafakitale amigodi ndi zitsulo.

Mfundo ya Sodium Cyanide Leaching

Sodium Cyanide, chigawo chopanda mtundu komanso chapoizoni kwambiri, chimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga leaching. Mu njira yamadzimadzi, pansi pa alkali

e zikhalidwe (nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa ndikuwonjezera laimu), cyanide ma ion (CN⁻) amachita ndi golide (Au) ndi siliva (Ag) pamaso pa mpweya. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga golide cyanidation zitha kuyimiridwa motere:

4Au + 8CN⁻+ O₂ + 2H₂O → 4[Au(CN)₂]⁻ + 4OH⁻

Izi zimachitika mu dzimbiri electrochemical - ngati njira. Mpweyawu umakhala ngati wothandizira oxidizing, womwe umathandizira kusungunuka kwa golide mu yankho ngati ion yovuta ya cyanide, [Au(CN)₂]⁻. Mofananamo, siliva amatsatira njira yofananira.

Zomwe Zimathandizira pa Kuchita Bwino kwa Cyanide Leaching

Makhalidwe a Ore

1.Kukula kwa Tinthu

• Kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kwa ore ndikofunikira kwambiri. M'mbuyomu cyanide kuchotsa, miyala imayenera kukonzedwa kale pophwanya, kuyesedwa, kugaya, ndi kusanja. Kwa ores okhala ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zokongoletsedwa bwino kapena zokutira, kugaya koyenera ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse kudzipatula kwa monomer. Ngati chitsulo chatha, sikungowonjezera mtengo wogaya komanso kuyika zinyalala zomwe zimatha kutayikira. Kuphatikiza apo, kugaya mopitilira muyeso kumatha kulepheretsa kulekanitsa kolimba - kwamadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa zinyalala za cyanide ndikutayika kwa golide. Mwachitsanzo, pochita ndi golide wokhala ndi golide woyengedwa bwino komanso wotsekeredwa, kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kwa - 38 μm wokhala ndi chiŵerengero cha 75% nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa leaching ndi mtengo.

• Komano, ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, malo omwe amapezeka kuti cyanide achitepo ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali amakhala ochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti leaching ikhale yosakwanira komanso kuchepetsa kutulutsa bwino.

2.Mineralogy

• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ore imakhala ndi ma mineralogical osiyanasiyana. Ores okhala ndi mkuwa wambiri, arsenic, antimoni, sulfure, kapena kaboni amatha kukhala ndi zovuta pakutulutsa kwa cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, mkuwa ukhoza kupanga mankhwala ovuta a cyanide, kupikisana ndi golidi ndi siliva wa ma cyanide ions. Arsenic ndi antimony amathanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide ndi okosijeni, kuwononga ma reagents ndikuletsa kutulutsa kwazitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Sulfide - ore olemera angafunike chithandizo chisanadze, monga kuwotcha kapena bio - oxidation, kuvumbulutsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zatsekedwa ndikuchotsa sulfure, zomwe zitha kusokoneza njira ya cyanidation.

Chemical Reagents

1.Cyanide Concentration

• Kuchuluka kwa Sodium Cyanide zowonjezera zimakhudza kwambiri leaching ufanisi. M'mitundu ina, kuchuluka kwa cyanide kumayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kwamafuta a ore. Ngati cyanide ili yotsika kwambiri, golide ndi siliva leaching zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa, ndipo ndondomekoyi imachedwa, zomwe zimawononga nthawi zosafunikira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchuluka kwa cyanide kukakhala kochulukira, kutulutsa mphamvu kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kukafika pamlingo wina, kuwonjezeka kwina kwa cyanide sikumayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa leaching, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cyanide awonongeke komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zopangira. Mwachitsanzo, pochotsa golide wokhazikika kuchokera ku finely - embedded - particle - size gold ores, a Sodium cyanide Mlingo wa 1.5 - 3.0 kg / t nthawi zambiri umakhala woyenera. Komabe, pakupanga kwenikweni, mulingo woyenera kwambiri uyenera kutsimikiziridwa kutengera mawonekedwe a ore ndi mayeso opindulitsa.

2. Lime (Alkalinity)

• Laimu amawonjezeredwa ku yankho la cyanide ngati alkali yoteteza. Popeza ma cyanide ions mu yankho amakhala ndi mankhwala osakhazikika ndipo amatha kusinthasintha mosavuta ngati mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, kukhala ndi alkalinity yoyenera ndikofunikira. Kuonjezera laimu mu njira ya cyanidation kumathandiza kuti zamkati zikhale pa pH yoyenera. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa mayeso, kutsika kwa golide kumakhalanso bwino pambuyo powonjezera laimu. Pamene kuchuluka kwa laimu wowonjezeredwa ndi 2 kg/t ndi kupitirira apo, pH mtengo wa zamkati nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 11 - 12.

Zochita za Ndondomeko

1.Slurry Concentration

• The ndende ya leaching zamkati mwachindunji zimakhudza leaching liwiro ndi mphamvu ya wamtengo wapatali amaika zitsulo. Nthawi zambiri, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumakhala ndi madzi abwino kumapangitsa kuti golide ndi siliva zikhazikike bwino. Komabe, izi zingafunike kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma reagents owonjezera, komanso kukula kwa zida zazikulu komanso ndalama zambiri zogulira. Kuti muthe kulinganiza bwino chitsulo chamtengo wapatali cha leaching ndi mtengo wopangira, slurry yoyenerera iyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Kwa ores okhala ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kusunga ndende ya zamkati pafupifupi 20% - 33% nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kopitilira muyeso uwu, mphamvu ya leaching ya zitsulo zamtengo wapatali imatha kuchepa m'malo mowonjezereka. Pakupanga kwenikweni, kukhazikikako kumatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zochitika zenizeni, koma sikuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwambiri.

2. Leaching Time

• Nthawi ya leaching ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga cyanidation. Kusankha nthawi yoyenera leaching n'kofunika kuti asungunuke kwathunthu zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Komabe, ngakhale zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zikusungunuka, zonyansa zina mu zamkati zimapitirizabe kusungunuka, zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa golidi ndi siliva. Kutalikitsa nthawi ya leaching sikungakhale kopindulitsa pakutha kwa tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tachitsulo komanso kumafuna zida zokulirapo komanso malo ochulukirapo, motero kuonjezera ndalama zopangira. Kwa ores okhala ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono, kusunga nthawi ya cyanidation leaching pafupifupi maola 4 nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera. Ngati leaching nthawi yoposa maola 24, leaching ya zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zikhoza kuletsedwa, ndipo ndende ya ayoni zitsulo zamtengo wapatali mu yankho akhoza kuchepa.

3.Kupereka Oxygen

• Monga momwe zimasonyezedwera mu chemical reaction equation, mpweya ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakupanga cyanidation. Mpweya wokwanira wa okosijeni umalimbikitsa okosijeni wa golide ndi siliva, kufulumizitsa cyanidation reaction. M'mafakitale, mpweya nthawi zambiri umatuluka kudzera muzamkati kuti upereke mpweya. Ngati mpweya wokwanira suli wokwanira, kuchuluka kwa momwe zimachitikira kumacheperachepera, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yonse ya leaching.

4.Agitation Conditions

• Kugwedezeka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kulumikizana pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ore, yankho la cyanide, ndi mpweya. Zoyenera mukubwadamuka zinthu akhoza kusintha anachita mlingo mwa kuonetsetsa bwino kusakaniza ndi kufalitsa reagents. Komabe, kugwedezeka kwakukulu kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa makina ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndipo kungayambitsenso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Kukhathamiritsa Njira

Ore Pretreatment

1.Kupititsa patsogolo Kugaya

• Kutsatira mfundo ya "kuphwanya kwambiri ndi kugaya pang'ono" kungathandize kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi chiopsezo chopitirira - kugaya. Ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wogaya, monga kupera kwa masitepe ambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopukutira bwino kwambiri, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitheke kugawa kukula kwa tinthu moyenera.

2.Pre - chithandizo cha Maminolo Ovuta

• Kwa ores okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere wosokoneza, njira zochizira zisanachitike ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Kuwotcha kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa sulfure ndikuyika ma oxidize ena mwa minerals of refractory, kupangitsa kuti zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zifike ku cyanide. Bio - oxidation, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti iphwanye mchere wa sulfide, ndi njira yabwino yotetezera zachilengedwe kwa mitundu ina ya ores.

Reagent Management

1.Kukhathamiritsa kwa Cyanide

• Kuyesa kupindula pafupipafupi komanso kolondola kuti muwone mulingo woyenera wa cyanide wamagulu osiyanasiyana a ores ndikofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagents opangidwa ndi cyanide kapena kuwonjezera ma activator amatha kufufuzidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kutulutsa bwino ndikuchepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera zinthu zina zowonjezera kungathandize kuti cyanide ikhale ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

2.Alkalinity Control

• Kuwunika mosalekeza ndikusintha pH ya zamkati za leaching kuti mukhale ndi alkalinity yoyenera. Makina owongolera a pH amatha kukhazikitsidwa kuti atsimikizire zosintha zolondola komanso zanthawi yake, kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha cyanide volatilization ndikuwongolera malo otsetsereka.

Kusintha kwa Parameter

1.Slurry Concentration Kusintha

• Ikani masensa kuti muwunikire kuchuluka kwa slurry munthawi yeniyeni ndikusintha chiŵerengero cha madzi - to - ore molingana. Izi zitha kuphatikizidwa mudongosolo lodzilamulira lokha kuti mukhalebe ndi slurry ndende yabwino kwambiri kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino.

2.Leaching Time kukhathamiritsa

• Gwiritsani ntchito njira zenizeni zowunikira nthawi, monga kusanthula kuchuluka kwa ayoni azitsulo zamtengo wapatali mu yankho pa nthawi ya leaching, kuti mudziwe mathero oyenera - mfundo ya leaching. Izi zitha kupewa kuwononga nthawi komanso kupulumutsa nthawi ndi zinthu.

3.Oxygen ndi Agitation Optimization

• Ikani masensa a okosijeni kuti muwonetsetse kuti muli ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso wokhazikika. Sinthani liwiro la chipwirikiti potengera momwe chitsulocho chimakhalira komanso siteji ya leaching kuti mukwaniritse bwino pakati pakuchita bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Kutsiliza

Kuchita bwino kwa sodium cyanide leaching mu m'zigawo zamtengo wapatali kumakhudzidwa ndi kuphatikizika kovuta kwa ore - zokhudzana, reagent - zokhudzana, ndi ndondomeko - zokhudzana ndi zinthu. Pomvetsetsa izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera kukhathamiritsa, mafakitale amigodi ndi zitsulo atha kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa bwino, kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komwe kumakhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Kufufuza kosalekeza komanso luso laukadaulo pankhaniyi ndikofunikira kuti zikwaniritse kufunikira kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali mokhazikika komanso moyenera.n