Inkosi yokusetyenziswa kwee-reagents ezijikelezayo: phucula ukuchaneka kokufunyanwa kokwakheka kwamaminerali

Kwimihlaba ye Ukulungiswa kwezimbiwa kunye nohlalutyo lwejoloji, ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kwe Ii-reagents ze-Flotation kubalulekile ekubhaqeni ngokuchanekileyo ukwakheka kweeminerali. I-Flotation yinkqubo ye-physicochemical esetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokwahlula izimbiwa kunye nokutyebisa, kuxhomekeke kumahluko kwiipropati ze-physicochemical of surface mineral. Ngokongeza i-reagents, i-hydrophilicity okanye i-hydrophobicity ye-mineral surfaces inokulungiswa, eyenza ukwahlula amaminerali ekujoliswe kuwo kwi-ganggue.

Eli nqaku liza kwazisa uluhlu lweengcebiso ezisebenzayo zokunceda amagcisa aselabhoratri kunye neenjineli zemigodi ukuba ziphucule inkqubo yokudada, ukuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphindwa kweziphumo zovavanyo.

Okokuqala, masiqale ngeentlobo ezisisiseko zee-reagents ezidadayo—Abaqokeleli, Abazalwana, yaye Iinguqulelo. I-reagent nganye idlala indima ekhethekileyo kwinkqubo yokudada. Abaqokeleli baphucula i-hydrophobicity yeeminerali, ukukhuthaza ukunamathela kwabo kwiibhubhu zomoya; i-frothers inceda ukuzinzisa i-foam layer, ivumela iiminerali ezityetyisiweyo ukuba zihlulwe ngokulula kwi-slurry; izilungisi zisetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa i-pH okanye amandla e-ionic yodaka, ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokujikeleza kwamaminerali.

Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji eqhubekayo, iintlobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-reagents ezijikelezayo nazo ziyanda. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi reagents akunakuphucula kuphela Ukubuyiswa kwamaminerali amaxabiso kunye namabakala kodwa azisa iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo malunga nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo lweendleko.

Uzisebenzisa njani iiReagent zeFlotation ngokuchanekileyo?

Iintlobo zeeReagents

Iindidi ze-reagents ezisetyenziswa kwizityalo ezijikelezayo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neempawu ze-ore, ukuhamba kwenkqubo, kunye nenani leemveliso zezimbiwa ezifunwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zimiselwa ngovavanyo lokukhetha i-ore okanye iimvavanyo ze-semi-industrial.

Ii-reagents zinokuhlelwa ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yazo:

1. Abazalwana: I-Organic surfactants ezisasaza kujongano lomoya wamanzi. Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza umaleko wegwebu onokudada iiminerali. Iifrothers eziqhelekileyo ziquka ioli yepine, i-cresylic acid, kunye ne-alcohols.

2. Abaqokeleli: Umsebenzi wabo kukubamba iiminerali ekujoliswe kuzo, ukuguqula i-hydrophobicity ye-mineral surfaces ukuvumela amasuntswana amaminerali adadayo ukuba abambelele kumaqamza omoya. Ngokusekelwe kubume babo, abaqokeleli banokuhlulwa babe ngabaqokeleli be-non-polar, abaqokeleli be-anionic, kunye nabaqokeleli be-cationic. Abaqokeleli abasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo babandakanya iyeza elimnyama, iyeza elityheli, iyeza elimhlophe, i-fatty acids, i-fatty amines, kunye ne-oyile yamaminerali.

3. Izilungisi: Iimodyuli ziquka i-activators kunye ne-inhibitors, ezitshintsha iipropati ze-mineral surfaces, ezichaphazela intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaminerali kunye nabaqokeleli. Izilungisi zikwabandakanya ii-agent ezisetyenziselwa ukuguqula iikhemikhali okanye iipropathi ze-electrochemical ze-aqueous medium, njengezilungelelaniso ze-pH kunye nemeko yabaqokeleli. Iindidi zezilungisi ziquka:

• Abalungelelanisi be-pH: Ikalika, sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide.

• Izivuseleli: I-sulfate yobhedu, i-sodium sulfide.

• Inhibitors: Ikalika, ityuwa yegazi etyheli, i-sodium sulfide, i-sulfur dioxide, i-sodium cyanide, i-zinc sulfate, i-potassium dichromate, iglasi yamanzi, i-tannin, i-colloids enyibilikayo, isitashi, iipolima zokwenziwa, njl.

• abanye: Ii-agent zokumanzisa, ii-agent ezijikelezayo, i-solubilizers, njl.

Umthamo weReagent

Idosi yee-reagents ngexesha le-flotation kufuneka ichaneke; izixa ezingonelanga okanye ezigqithisileyo zinokuchaphazela izikhombisi zokusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa. Ukusetyenziswa okugqithisileyo kunokonyusa iindleko zokusetyenzwa.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kweSithamo seReagent kunye neZalathi zeFlotation:

• Idosi yomqokeleli eyaneleyo kunokukhokelela kwi-hydrophobicity eyaneleyo yeeminerali, ukunciphisa izinga lokubuyisela. Ngokuchaseneyo, izixa ezigqithisileyo zinokuthoba umgangatho wokugxila kwaye kube nzima ukwahlula ukudada.

• Idosi eyoneleyo kunokukhokelela ekuzinzeni kwegwebu elibi, ngelixa izixa ezigqithisileyo zinokubangela "ukuphuphuma" kweziganeko.

• Idosi ye-activator encinci kakhulu kunokukhokelela ekusebenzeni kakubi, ngelixa kuninzi kunokuphazamisa ukukhethwa kwenkqubo ye-flotation.

• Idosi ye-inhibitor eyaneleyo inokuthoba inqanaba lokugxila, ngelixa izixa ezigqithisileyo zinokucinezela iiminerali ezifanele ukudada, zehlise amazinga okubuyisela.

Ukulungiselela kwakhona

Ii-reagents eziqinileyo zixutywa zibe lulwelo ukuze kube lula ukudibanisa. Ama-reagents angenawo amanzi afana neyeza eliphuzi, iyeza elimnyama le-amine, iglasi yamanzi, i-sodium carbonate, i-copper sulfate, kunye ne-sodium sulfide kufuneka ilungiswe njengezisombululo ezinamanzi kunye nokugxininiswa ukusuka kwi-2% ukuya kwi-10%. Ama-reagents angenawo amanzi kufuneka ahlanjululwe kwi-solvent ngaphambi kokuba alungiswe njengesisombululo samanzi sokongeza, njengabaqokeleli be-amine abanokongezwa ngokuthe ngqo, njengeNombolo ye-2 yeoli, i-31 iyeza elimnyama, kunye ne-oleic acid. Kwii-reagents ezinyibilikayo kakhulu ezifuna ubuninzi obubalulekileyo, ukulungiswa kokulungiswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-10% ukuya kwi-20%, njenge-sodium sulfide, elungiselelwe kwi-15% ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Kwii-reagents ezinganyibiliki kakuhle, izinyibilikisi ze-organic zingasetyenziselwa ukuzinyibilikisa phambi kokuba zilungiswe njengezisombululo zokuxinana okuphantsi.

Ukukhetha kwe Ukulungiswa kwe-reagent indlela ngokuyintloko ixhomekeke kwiipropati zee-reagents, indlela yokongeza, kunye nemisebenzi yazo. I-reagent efanayo ingaba nokwahlukana okukhulu kwidosi kunye nemiphumo ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungiselela. Ngokubanzi, iindlela zokulungiselela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

1. Ukulungisa isisombululo esinamanzi esi-2% ukuya kwi-10%: Uninzi lwee-reagents ezinyibilikayo emanzini zilungiswa ngolu hlobo (umzekelo, iyeza elityheli, i-copper sulfate, iglasi yamanzi).

2. Ukunyibilika kwisinyibilikisi: Ezinye ii-reagents ezinganyibilikiyo ngamanzi zinokunyibilika kwii-solvents ezikhethekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iyeza elimhlophe alinakunyibilika emanzini kodwa linganyibilika kwi-10% ukuya kwi-20% yesisombululo se-aniline, kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe emva kokulungiselela isisombululo esixubileyo se-aniline. Ngokufanayo, iyeza elimnyama le-aniline alinakunyibilika emanzini kodwa linganyibilika kwisisombululo se-alkaline ye-sodium hydroxide, ngoko ke isisombululo se-alkaline ye-sodium hydroxide kufuneka silungiswe kuqala ngaphambi kokongeza i-reagent ukwenza isisombululo seyeza elimnyama le-aniline lokudada.

3. Ukulungiselela njengokunqunyanyiswa okanye i-emulsion: Kwezinye ii-reagents eziqinileyo ezinganyibiliki kakuhle, zinokulungiswa njengeemulsion ukuze zisetyenziswe. Umzekelo, ikalika inokunyibilika okuphantsi kakhulu emanzini, ngoko ke inokucolwa ibe ngumgubo ize ixutywe namanzi ukwenza ubisi oluluqilima (umzekelo, ubisi lwekalika), okanye lungongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimo eyomileyo engumgubo kwilitye lokusila okanye kwitanki yokuzamisa.

4. Ukwenziwa kweSaponification: Kubaqokeleli be-asidi enamafutha, i-saponification yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukhetha i-hematite, isepha ye-saponified yeparafini kunye ne-tar oil isetyenziswa njengomqokeleli. Ukuze i-saponify ioli ye-tar, malunga ne-10% ye-sodium carbonate kufuneka yongezwe xa ulungiselela i-reagent, kwaye ishushu ukudala isisombululo sesepha eshushu sokongeza.

5. Ukunyanzeliswa: I-Emulsification inokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasonic emulsification okanye i-mechanical stirring. Emva kwe-emulsification, i-fatty acids kunye ne-diesel inokunyusa ukusabalalisa kwabo kwi-slurry, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-reagents. Ukongeza ezinye ii-emulsifying agents kunokwandisa ngakumbi ukusebenza.

6. Ukufakwa kweAcid: Xa usebenzisa abaqokeleli be-cationic, ngenxa ye-solubility yabo embi, kufuneka baphathwe kwangaphambili nge-hydrochloric acid okanye i-acetic acid ngaphambi kokuba bachithe emanzini ukuze bahambe.

7. Indlela ye-aerosol: Le yindlela entsha yokulungiselela eyandisa intshukumo yeerejenti. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokutshiza ukwenza i-aerosolize ii-reagents kwindawo yomoya ngaphambi kokuba zongeze ngokuthe ngqo kwitanki yokudada, yiyo loo nto ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "aerosol flotation method." Le ndlela ayiphuculi kuphela ukudada kweeminerali eziluncedo kodwa ikwanciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent. Ngokomzekelo, idosi yabaqokeleli inokuba sisinye kwisithathu ukuya kwisinye kwisine sexabiso eliqhelekileyo, ngelixa idosi edibeneyo inokuba sisinye kwisihlanu kuphela.

8. Unyango lwe-electrochemical of reagents: Umsinga othe ngqo ugqithiswa kwisisombululo sonyango lwekhemikhali i-reagents ye-flotation, enokuguqula imeko ye-reagent, ixabiso le-pH, kunye ne-redox enokwenzeka, ngaloo ndlela inyusa ukuxinwa kweyona nto isebenzayo i-reagent components, ukuphakamisa ugxininiso olubalulekileyo lokwenza i-colloids, kunye nokuphucula ukusasazwa kwee-reagents ezinganyibiliki kakuhle emanzini.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaqokeleli kunye ne-frothers bashukunyiswa imizuzu eyi-1-2, ngelixa ezinye ii-reagents, ezifana ne-potassium dichromate esetyenziselwa ukucinezela i-lead ekuhlukaneni kwe-copper-lead, inokufuna ukuvuselela ixesha elide.

Indawo yokongezwa kweReagent

Ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-reagents ze-flotation, umkhuba jikelele kukongeza i-adjusting agents, inhibitors, kunye nabaqokeleli abathile (umzekelo, i-kerosene) kwi-ball mill ukudala indawo efanelekileyo yokudada ngokukhawuleza. Abaqokeleli kunye nee-frothers zongezwa kakhulu kwitanki yokuqala eshukumisayo yenkqubo yokudada. Ukuba kukho amatanki amabini ashukumisayo, i-activator kufuneka yongezwe kwitanki yokuqala, ngelixa umqokeleli kunye ne-frother kufuneka yongezwe kwi-tank yesibini. Amanqaku okongezwa ahluka ngokusekelwe kwiindima ze-reagents kumatshini ojikelezayo. Ngokomzekelo, icopper sulfate, iyeza elityheli, neoli yompayina ngokuqhelekileyo zongezwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: icopper sulfate igalelwa embindini wetanki yokuqala yokuzalisa, iyeza elityheli kumbindi wetanki lesibini, kunye neoli yompayina ekuphumeni kwetanki yesibini enyakazelayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izityalo ezijikelezayo zongeza kuqala izilungisi ze-pH ukuzisa i-slurry kwi-pH efanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuvumela umqokeleli kunye ne-inhibitor ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Xa ufaka ii-reagents, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele umba wee-ion ezithile ezinobungozi ezibangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-reagent. Ngokomzekelo, ii-ion zobhedu eziphendula nge-hydride ion zingakhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-hydrides. Ekuhlukaneni kwe-copper-sulfur, ukuba kukho i-ion ezininzi zobhedu kwi-tank eshukumisayo, i-cyanide ayifanele ifakwe kwitanki evuselelayo kodwa kufuneka yongezwe ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwahlukana.

Umyalelo wokongezwa kweReagent

Umyalelo oqhelekileyo wokongezwa kwe-reagent kwizityalo ezijikelezayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukwenzela ukujikeleza kwe-ores ekrwada, kufuneka ibe yi-pH adjusters, inhibitors okanye i-activators, i-frothers, kunye nabaqokeleli; kwiiminerali eziye zavinjelwa ngexesha lokuhamba, i-odolo i-activators, abaqokeleli, kunye ne-frothers.

Iindlela zokongezwa kweReagent

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ngokubanzi zokongeza ii-reagents: ukudibanisa okuphakathi kunye nokudibanisa okuchithwayo. Ukhetho lwendlela yokudibanisa kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo zombini iintlobo ze-reagent kunye nezenzo ze-reagents.

1. Ukongezwa okuPhakathi: Uninzi lwee-reagents zongezwa phakathi; umzekelo, abaqokeleli, i-activators, kunye ne-inhibitors zongezwa kwiitanki ezishukumisayo.

2. Udibaniso Olusasaziweyo: Ezinye ii-reagents zingongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-tank ye-flotation, ehlala isetyenziselwa kwii-reagents eziguquguqukayo okanye ezithintekayo kwezinye ii-reagents. Umzekelo, ukuba ii-reagents ezijikelezayo zibangela iziphumo ezinobungozi kwenye (umzekelo, impembelelo engalunganga ye-sodium sulfide engaphezulu kwi-flotation esebenzayo), ii-reagents zinokongezwa ngokuthe ngqo kumatshini ojikelezayo.

isiphelo

Ngokhetho oluchanekileyo, ukulungiswa, ukulinganisa, kunye nokongezwa kwee-reagents ezijikelezayo, ukusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa kunye nohlalutyo lwejoloji lunokuphuculwa, luphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweemvavanyo kunye nohlalutyo. Ezi ngcebiso zokusebenza zijolise ekuncedeni amagcisa aselabhoratri kunye neenjineli zemigodi ekusebenziseni ngcono ii-reagents ezijikelezayo, ezikhokelela kuphuculo lokusebenza kunye neziphumo ezithembekileyo.