Txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Kub Cyanide Leaching: Cov Tswv Yim thiab Kev Pom Zoo

Introduction

kub cyanide leaching sawv yog lub hauv paus pob zeb hauv kev lag luam kub mining, muaj npe nrov rau nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev rho tawm kub los ntawm ore. Los ntawm leveraging cyanide daws, cov txheej txheem no dissolves kub, pab txhawb kev rov qab los. Nws daim ntawv thov ntev ntev thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau txoj haujlwm mining. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev lag luam uas tau tsav los ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ruaj khov, kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov txheej txheem cyanide leaching yog qhov tseem ceeb. No blog ncej delves rau hauv ntau txoj hauv kev los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm Kub cyanide leaching, tshawb nrhiav ob qho tib si kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab cov txheej txheem txiav ntug.

Nkag siab txog Cov Txheej Txheem Kub Cyanide Leaching

Lub hauv paus ntawm Cyanide Leaching

Nyob rau hauv kub cyanide leaching, cyanide ions (CN⁻) hnov ​​​​mob nrog kub nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen los ua soluble kub - cyanide complexes. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tag nrho tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim xws li:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim hauv ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, kub yog oxidized los ntawm oxygen, thiab tom qab ntawd cov kub oxidized reacts nrog cyanide ions los ua cov soluble complex. Cov txheej txheem leaching tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, xws li hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam loj rau nplawm - tank leaching (siv rau qib siab ores lossis concentrates) lossis hauv heaps rau heap leaching (tsim rau qib qis ores).

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau Leaching Efficiency

1. Cyanide Concentration: Kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws cyanide concentration yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog hais tias qhov concentration tsawg dhau, kub dissolution yuav ua tsis tiav. Conversely, ib tug siab concentration tsis tsuas yog nce tus nqi ntawm cyanide tab sis kuj poses ib puag ncig txaus ntshai. Rau feem ntau ores, cyanide concentration nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.05 - 0.1% feem ntau yog siv, tab sis qhov no yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ore.

2. Oxygen Muaj: Oxygen yog ib qho tseem ceeb reactant nyob rau hauv kub - cyanide cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov pa oxygen txaus tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrawm nrawm. Nyob rau hauv stirred - tank leaching, huab cua los yog ntshiab oxygen tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub tank leaching. Qhov piv ntawm cyanide rau oxygen (CN⁻ / O₂) kuj cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum CN⁻/O₂> 6. cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog tswj los ntawm oxygen diffusion, thaum CN⁻/O₂ < 6. nws yog tswj los ntawm cyanide diffusion.

3. Qib pH: Lub pH ntawm cov tshuaj leaching plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Ib puag ncig alkaline siab (feem ntau pH 10 - 11) yog tswj kom tsis txhob muaj cov hydrolysis ntawm cyanide rau hauv hydrogen cyanide (HCN), cov pa roj toxic thiab volatile. Txiv qaub (CaO) feem ntau ntxiv los kho thiab tswj pH.

4. Kub: Ua kom kub tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xyaum, qhov ntsuas kub feem ntau tsuas yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 25 - 40 ° C. Kev kub siab dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev siv cyanide ntau ntxiv vim muaj kev cuam tshuam sab thiab evaporation.

Cov tswv yim los txhim kho Leaching Efficiency

Optimizing txheej txheem Parameter

1. Sib tsoo thiab Particle Loj Tswj: Ua kom zoo sib tsoo ntawm cov ore yog qhov tseem ceeb. Finer particle qhov ntau thiab tsawg nthuav tawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov kub - bearing minerals rau cov tshuaj cyanide, ua kom yooj yim dua thiab ua tiav leaching. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug kub mine nyob rau hauv South Africa, txo cov particle loj ntawm cov ore los ntawm 75μm mus rau 53μm nce tus nqi rov qab los ntawm 8% nyob rau hauv lub cyanide leaching txheej txheem.

2. Stirring thiab Agitation: Nyob rau hauv stirred - tank leaching, npaum stirring kom tsis tu ncua kev faib ntawm cov ore hais, cyanide tov, thiab oxygen nyob rau hauv lub tank. Qhov no txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm reactants thiab txhim kho tus nqi leaching. Advanced agitation systems nrog sib txawv - ceev motors yuav raug kho raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ore thiab leaching tej yam kev mob.

3. Leaching Time Optimization: Kev txiav txim siab lub sij hawm leaching tsim nyog yog qhov sib npaug. Ntev leaching yuav ua rau kom kub rov qab tab sis kuj ua rau ntau dua cyanide noj thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev sim kuaj thiab kev ua qauv, lub sij hawm leaching zoo tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau ntau hom ore. Rau qee cov qib high-qib ores, lub sij hawm leaching ntawm 24 - 48 teev yuav txaus, thaum rau cov ore complex, nws yuav ncua mus rau 72 teev los yog ntau tshaj.

Siv Additives thiab Promoters

1. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob oxidizing: Kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj oxidizing xws li hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂), los yog calcium peroxide (CaO₂) tuaj yeem txhim kho kub leaching. Cov oxidants no ua rau kom cov pa oxygen yaj hauv cov slurry thiab ua kom cov oxidation ntawm kub. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshawb no ntawm refractory kub ore nyob rau hauv teb chaws Australia, ntxiv H₂O₂ ntawm ib tug concentration ntawm 2 kg / t ntawm ore nce lub kub leaching tus nqi ntawm 70% mus rau 85% nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm leaching.

2. Hnyav hlau ntsev: Qee cov ntsev hlau hnyav, xws li cov ntsev ntsev (xws li, Pb(NO₃)₂), tuaj yeem ua tus txhawb nqa hauv cov txheej txheem cyanide leaching. Lawv tsim cov cell galvanic hauv zos nrog kub, ua kom lub cev tawg ntawm kub. Hauv Canadian cyanide cog, ntxiv Pb (NO₃)₂ pab tswj kom muaj cov pa oxygen zoo hauv cov kab hluav taws xob cyanide thiab kov yeej cov teebmeem ntawm sulfide minerals ntawm cyanidation.

3. Cov neeg ua haujlwm nyuaj: Complexing agents xws li ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) yuav siv tau los chelate nrog impurities nyob rau hauv ore, xws li tooj liab, zinc, thiab hlau ions. Qhov no txo ​​qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov impurities nrog kub rau cyanide ions, txhim kho cov kub Leaching efficiency.

Advanced Leaching Technologies

1. Oxygen - Enriched Leaching: Kuj tseem hu ua CIG (Carbon - hauv - Kub) cov txheej txheem oxygenation, txoj kev no suav nrog kev ntim cov pa ntshiab rau hauv lub tank leaching es tsis txhob compressed cua. Qhov nce yaj cov pa oxygen hauv cov slurry ua rau kom nrawm nrawm nrawm. Oxygen - enriched leaching tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm leaching txog li 50% piv rau cov huab cua ib txwm - leaching txoj kev thiab txhim kho cov kub leaching tus nqi los ntawm 10 - 20%.

2. Siab Leaching: Siab cyanide leaching yog nqa tawm hauv lub nkoj siab. Kev ua kom lub siab ua kom lub zog solubility ntawm oxygen thiab cyanide nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab accelerates tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntawm qhov siab ntawm 2 × 10⁵ Pa, qhov kub dissolution tus nqi tuaj yeem yog 10 - 20 npaug ntawm qhov siab li qub. Qhov no technology yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo rau refractory kub ores.

3. Ultrasonic - Pab Leaching: Ultrasonic nthwv dej tuaj yeem qhia tau thaum lub sijhawm leaching. Lub zog ultrasonic tsim cavitation npuas nyob rau hauv cov kua theem, uas vau thiab ua kom muaj siab - siab thiab siab - kub micro - ib puag ncig. Qhov no yuav pab ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom kub, rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem diffusion nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom, thiab txhawb kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide rau hauv cov ore, yog li txhim kho cov leaching efficiency.

Txheej Txheem Saib Xyuas thiab Tswj

1. Online Analyzers: Kev siv cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas online rau qhov tsis xws li cyanide concentration, oxygen cov ntsiab lus, pH, thiab kub concentration hauv cov leachate tso cai rau lub sijhawm saib xyuas cov txheej txheem leaching. Piv txwv li, tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cyanide online tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv cyanide concentration hauv vib nas this, ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kho cov cyanide ntxiv tus nqi tam sim.

2. Automated Tswj Systems: Kev tswj hwm lub tshuab tuaj yeem siv tau los tswj cov txheej txheem sib txawv raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas online. Piv txwv li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cyanide, txiv qaub, thiab oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cyanide concentration thiab pH. Qhov no txo ​​cov neeg ua yuam kev thiab ua kom ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching.

xaus

Txhim khu kev ua tau zoo ntawm kub cyanide leaching yog ib txoj hauj lwm uas muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv, siv cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa, txais yuav Advanced leaching technologies, thiab siv cov txheej txheem saib xyuas thiab tswj cov txheej txheem zoo. Los ntawm kev siv cov tswv yim no, kev ua haujlwm tsuas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov nyiaj rov qab los, txo kev siv cyanide, thiab txhim kho tag nrho kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig kev ruaj ntseg. Raws li kev lag luam kub mining txuas ntxiv mus, kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cyanide leaching thev naus laus zis yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ua tau raws li cov kev cov nyom ntawm ore complexity thiab ib puag ncig cov cai.