Txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Kub Cyanide Leaching: Cov Tswv Yim thiab Kev Pom Zoo

Introduction

Kev rho tawm kub cyanide yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam khawb kub, uas paub zoo txog nws txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev rho tawm kub ntawm cov pob zeb. Los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj cyanide, cov txheej txheem no yaj kub, pab txhawb kev rov qab los tom qab. Nws daim ntawv thov ntev thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm khawb. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev lag luam uas tsav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ruaj khov, kev txhim kho tas mus li ntawm cov txheej txheem rho tawm cyanide yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov ntawv blog no nkag mus rau hauv ntau txoj hauv kev los txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev rho tawm kub cyanide , tshawb nrhiav ob qho tib si kev ua kom zoo dua qub thiab cov txheej txheem txiav tshiab.

Nkag siab txog Cov Txheej Txheem Kub Cyanide Leaching

Lub hauv paus ntawm Cyanide Leaching

Nyob rau hauv kub cyanide leaching, cyanide ions (CN⁻) hnov ​​​​mob nrog kub nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen los ua soluble kub - cyanide complexes. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tag nrho tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim xws li:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim hauv ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, kub yog oxidized los ntawm oxygen, thiab tom qab ntawd cov kub oxidized reacts nrog cyanide ions los ua cov soluble complex. Cov txheej txheem leaching tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, xws li hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam loj rau nplawm - tank leaching (siv rau qib siab ores lossis concentrates) lossis hauv heaps rau heap leaching (tsim rau qib qis ores).

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau Leaching Efficiency

1. Kev Ntsuas Cyanide : Kev tswj hwm qhov kev ntsuas cyanide zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog tias qhov kev ntsuas qis dhau, kev yaj kub yuav tsis tiav. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev ntsuas siab tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau tus nqi ntawm cyanide nce ntxiv xwb tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau ib puag ncig. Rau feem ntau cov ores, qhov kev ntsuas cyanide hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.05 - 0.1% feem ntau yog siv, tab sis qhov no tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ore.

2. Muaj Oxygen : Oxygen yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj kub - cyanide. Kev muaj oxygen txaus tuaj yeem ua rau kom cov leaching nrawm dua. Hauv kev sib xyaw - lub tank leaching, cua lossis cov pa oxygen ntshiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov tank leaching. Qhov piv ntawm cyanide rau oxygen (CN⁻/O₂) kuj cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Thaum CN⁻/O₂ > 6. qhov tshuaj feem ntau yog tswj los ntawm oxygen diffusion, thaum thaum CN⁻/O₂ < 6. nws yog tswj los ntawm cyanide diffusion.

3. Qib pH : Qhov pH ntawm cov tshuaj leaching ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev. Ib puag ncig alkaline siab (feem ntau yog pH 10 - 11) raug tswj kom tiv thaiv kev hydrolysis ntawm cyanide mus rau hauv hydrogen cyanide (HCN), uas yog cov pa lom thiab volatile. Lime (CaO) feem ntau raug ntxiv los kho thiab tswj pH.

4. Kub : Kev ua kom kub ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kev ua tshuaj tiv thaiv sai dua. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xyaum, qhov kub feem ntau tsuas yog txwv rau li ntawm 25 - 40 ° C. Qhov kub siab dua tuaj yeem ua rau kev siv cyanide ntau ntxiv vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sab nraud thiab kev ua pa.

Cov tswv yim los txhim kho Leaching Efficiency

Optimizing txheej txheem Parameter

1. Kev Sib Tsoo thiab Kev Tswj Qhov Loj ntawm Cov Khoom Me Me : Kev xyuas kom meej tias kev sib tsoo cov ore kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me ua rau muaj ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom muaj kub rau cov kua cyanide, ua rau kev leaching sai dua thiab tiav dua. Piv txwv li, hauv lub qhov av kub hauv South Africa, kev txo qhov loj ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm cov ore los ntawm 75μm mus rau 53μm ua rau tus nqi rov qab tau kub nce 8% hauv cov txheej txheem leaching cyanide.

2. Kev Sib Tov thiab Kev Sib Nraus : Hauv kev sib tov - lub tank leaching, kev sib tov zoo ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm cov hlau, cov kua cyanide, thiab cov pa oxygen hauv lub tank. Qhov no txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab ua kom nrawm dua. Cov txheej txheem sib tov siab heev nrog cov cav hloov pauv ceev tuaj yeem hloov kho raws li qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau thiab cov xwm txheej leaching.

3. Kev Siv Lub Sijhawm Leaching Zoo Tshaj Plaws : Kev txiav txim siab lub sijhawm leaching tsim nyog yog qhov sib npaug. Kev leaching ntev yuav ua rau kom rov qab tau kub ntau dua tab sis kuj ua rau siv cyanide ntau dua thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob thiab kev ua qauv txheej txheem, lub sijhawm leaching zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau ntau hom ore. Rau qee cov ores qib siab, lub sijhawm leaching ntawm 24 - 48 teev yuav txaus, thaum rau cov ores nyuaj dua, nws tuaj yeem ntev mus txog 72 teev lossis ntau dua.

Siv Additives thiab Promoters

1. Cov Tshuaj Oxidizing : Kev ntxiv cov tshuaj oxidizing xws li hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂), lossis calcium peroxide (CaO₂) tuaj yeem ua rau kub tawm ntau dua. Cov tshuaj oxidants no ua rau cov pa oxygen yaj hauv cov slurry ntau dua thiab ua kom kub tawm sai dua. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tshawb fawb txog cov hlau kub refractory hauv Australia, kev ntxiv H₂O₂ ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 2 kg/t ntawm hlau ua rau kub tawm ntau dua los ntawm 70% mus rau 85% hauv tib lub sijhawm tawm.

2. Cov Ntshav Hlau Hnyav : Qee cov ntsev hlau hnyav, xws li cov ntsev txhuas (piv txwv li, Pb(NO₃)₂), tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua cov neeg txhawb nqa hauv cov txheej txheem leaching cyanide. Lawv tsim cov hlwb galvanic hauv zos nrog kub, ua kom cov kub yaj sai dua. Hauv lub Hoobkas cyanide hauv Canada, kev ntxiv Pb(NO₃)₂ tau pab tswj kom muaj cov pa oxygen yaj zoo hauv lub voj voog cyanide thiab kov yeej cov teebmeem tsis zoo ntawm cov zaub mov sulfide ntawm cyanidation.

3. Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Sib Xyaws : Cov neeg ua haujlwm sib xyaws xws li ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) siv tau los chelate nrog cov khoom tsis huv hauv cov hlau, xws li tooj liab, zinc, thiab hlau ions. Qhov no txo ​​qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom tsis huv no nrog kub rau cov cyanide ions, txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ntxuav kub.

Advanced Leaching Technologies

1. Kev Siv Pa oxygen Ntau Ntxiv : Kuj tseem hu ua CIG (Carbon - hauv - Kub) cov txheej txheem oxygenation, txoj kev no suav nrog kev sau cov pa oxygen ntshiab rau hauv lub tank leaching es tsis txhob siv cua compressed. Cov pa oxygen uas yaj ntau ntxiv hauv cov slurry ua rau qhov ceev ntawm kev leaching sai dua. Kev leaching uas muaj pa oxygen ntau ntxiv tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm leaching txog li 50% piv rau cov txheej txheem leaching cua ib txwm muaj thiab txhim kho qhov nrawm ntawm kev leaching kub los ntawm 10 - 20%.

2. Kev Tso Tawm Siab : Kev tso tawm siab cyanide yog ua tiav hauv lub thawv siab. Kev nce siab ua rau cov pa oxygen thiab cyanide yaj hauv cov tshuaj thiab ua kom cov tshuaj ua haujlwm sai dua. Ntawm qhov siab ntawm 2 × 10⁵ Pa, qhov kub yaj sai dua 10 - 20 npaug ntawm qhov siab ib txwm. Cov thev naus laus zis no zoo heev rau cov hlau kub uas tsis kub.

3. Kev Pab Cuam Ultrasonic Leaching : Cov nthwv dej ultrasonic tuaj yeem raug qhia thaum lub sijhawm leaching. Lub zog ultrasonic tsim cov npuas cavitation hauv theem kua, uas tawg thiab tsim cov chaw muaj kev kub siab thiab kub siab. Qhov no pab ntxuav cov nplaim kub, rhuav tshem cov txheej diffusion nyob ib puag ncig cov khoom, thiab txhawb kev nkag mus ntawm cov kua cyanide rau hauv cov hlau, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm leaching.

Txheej Txheem Saib Xyuas thiab Tswj

1. Cov Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas Hauv Online : Kev siv cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv online rau cov yam ntxwv xws li cyanide concentration, oxygen content, pH, thiab kub concentration hauv cov leachate ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching. Piv txwv li, lub tshuab tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cyanide hauv online tuaj yeem ntes tau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cyanide concentration hauv ob peb feeb xwb, ua rau cov neeg teb xov tooj tuaj yeem kho qhov nrawm ntawm cyanide ntxiv sai sai.

2. Cov Txheej Txheem Tswj Xyuas Tsis Siv Neeg : Cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas tsis siv neeg siv tau los tswj cov txheej txheem hloov pauv raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshuaj xyuas online. Piv txwv li, kev ntxiv cov cyanide, lime, thiab cov neeg sawv cev oxidizing tuaj yeem hloov kho tau raws li cov nqi preset ntawm cyanide concentration thiab pH. Qhov no txo ​​cov kev ua yuam kev ntawm tib neeg thiab ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem leaching.

xaus

Kev txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev rho kub cyanide yog ib txoj haujlwm ntau yam uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, siv cov khoom ntxiv thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa, kev siv cov thev naus laus zis leaching siab heev , thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem saib xyuas thiab tswj cov txheej txheem zoo. Los ntawm kev siv cov tswv yim no, kev ua haujlwm khawb av tuaj yeem txhim kho cov nqi rov qab tau kub, txo kev siv cyanide, thiab txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm ib puag ncig. Raws li kev lag luam khawb kub txuas ntxiv mus, kev tshawb fawb tas mus li thiab kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov thev naus laus zis leaching cyanide yuav tseem ceeb heev kom ua tau raws li cov teeb meem ntawm kev nyuaj ntawm cov hlau thiab cov cai ib puag ncig.