Reagents rau Inhibit Copper Leaching hauv Copper-Bearing Kub Ore Cyanidation

Introduction

Cyanidation yog ib txoj kev siv dav thiab siv tau zoo rau kev rho tawm kub los ntawm kub - bearing ores, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tooj liab - bearing kub ores. Nws yog nyob ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm siv ions los tsim cov complexes ruaj khov nrog kub, tso cai rau kev tawg ntawm kub los ntawm ore matrix. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation rau kub yog 4Au + 8NaCN + O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2] + 4NaOH. Cov txheej txheem no tau yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam kub mining rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo vim nws cov kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev nkag siab zoo.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cuam tshuam nrog tooj liab - bearing kub ores, lub xub ntiag ntawm tooj liab ntxhias ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Cov ntxhia tooj liab feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kub, xws li chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2), chalcocite (Cu_2S), malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3), thiab azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2 (CO_3)_2), yog qhov ua tau zoo heev hauv cov tshuaj cyanide. Piv txwv li, hauv cyanide - uas muaj nruab nrab, chalcocite tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no: Cu_2S + 4NaCN = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2] + Na_2S. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua rau kev noj ntau ntawm cyanide. Kev noj ntau dhau ntawm cyanide tsis yog tsuas yog nce tus nqi tsim khoom tab sis kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cyanide.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tawg ntawm tooj liab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem tom ntej ntawm kub rov qab. Qib siab ntawm tooj liab hauv cov tshuaj cyanide tuaj yeem txo qhov ua haujlwm ntawm kub - cyanide complex tsim, yog li txo cov kub. leaching tus nqi. Qhov no yog vim tooj liab sib tw nrog kub rau cyanide ions thiab oxygen hauv cov tshuaj, cuam tshuam cov tshuaj sib npaug uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig kub. Qee qhov xwm txheej, muaj cov tooj liab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem qis qis xws li zinc - cementation lossis carbon - hauv - pulp (CIP) rau kub rov qab, ua rau txo qis kub rov qab thiab cov khoom tsis zoo.

Yog li ntawd, nrhiav tau cov reagents zoo los tiv thaiv cov leaching ntawm tooj liab thaum lub sij hawm cyanidation ntawm tooj liab - bearing kub ores yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Xws li reagents tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov txheej txheem cyanidation, txo siv cyanide, thiab txhim kho tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev rho tawm kub, ua rau kev lag luam mining ntau dua kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg. Hauv ntu nram qab no, peb yuav tshawb txog ntau yam reagents uas tau kawm thiab siv rau lub hom phiaj no.

Lub Leaching yam ntxwv ntawm tooj liab hauv Cyanide Solutions

Hauv kev daws teeb meem cyanide, tooj liab cov zaub mov cuam tshuam nrog kub pom cov cwj pwm sib txawv. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab xws li chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2) thiab chalcocite (Cu_2S), nrog rau malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3), azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2), bornite (Cu_5FeS_4), couprite (Cu_2FeS_XNUMX), sopperly (Cu_XNUMXFeS_XNUMX), copperly (Cu_XNUMXFeS_XNUMX), copperly (Cu_XNUMXFeS_XNUMX), copperly.

Cov khoom siv tooj liab no tuaj yeem raug leached ntawm chav tsev kub (25^{\circ}C). Cov leaching tus nqi ntawm tooj liab sib txawv, xws li ntawm 5 - 10% mus rau ntau tshaj 90%. Piv txwv li, malachite thiab azurite, uas yog tooj liab - carbonate minerals, yog heev reactive nyob rau hauv cyanide daws. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm malachite nrog cyanide tuaj yeem qhia tau tias Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3 + 4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2] + Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cyanide, tooj liab hauv malachite tuaj yeem yaj tau zoo.

Thaum cuam tshuam nrog siab - tooj liab kub concentrates, cov txheej txheem leaching thaum lub sij hawm cyanidation muaj qee cov tsos mob "kev kho mob". Kev siv ntawm cyanide ua siab heev. Feem ntau, rau cov khoom siv tooj liab sib txawv, kev sib cais ntawm 1 gram ntawm tooj liab yuav tsum tau noj ntawm 2.3 - 3.4 grams. Sodium cyanide. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib cais ntawm tooj liab kuj siv cov pa oxygen hauv cov tshuaj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem leaching ntawm chalcocite, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv 2Cu_2S + 8NaCN + O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Cu(CN)_2] + 2Na_2S + 4NaOH tshwm sim, uas tsis tsuas yog siv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cyanide tab sis kuj muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm oxygen.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nyhuv leaching ua qhov tsis zoo. Qib siab ntawm tooj liab hauv cov tshuaj cyanide tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kub - cyanide complex tsim. Tooj liab sib tw nrog kub rau cyanide ions thiab oxygen hauv cov tshuaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tshuaj sib npaug uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kub dissolution yog cuam tshuam. Qhov no ua rau txo qis ntawm cov kub leaching tus nqi thiab tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv cov kub tom ntej - cov txheej txheem rov qab xws li zinc - cementation lossis carbon - hauv - pulp (CIP), thaum kawg ua rau kub qis - cov nqi rov qab thiab txo cov khoom zoo.

Common Reagents rau Inhibiting Copper Leaching

Lead ntsev

Lead ntsev feem ntau yog siv los ua reagents los tiv thaiv tooj liab leaching hauv cyanidation ntawm tooj liab - bearing kub ore. Cov ntsev ntsev uas nquag siv muaj xws li lead nitrate (Pb(NO_3)_2), lead acetate (C_4H_6O_4Pb\cdot3H_2O), thiab lead oxide (PbO).

Siv lead acetate ua piv txwv. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias ntxiv cov hmoov lead acetate ua ntej cyanide leaching tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov leaching ntawm tooj liab, txhim khu cov leaching ntawm kub thiab nyiaj, thiab txo cov kev noj ntawm Sodium Cyanide. Rau ib co kub concentrate nrog tooj liab ntsiab lus ntawm 4.92%, thaum 150 g / t ntawm lead acetate ncaj qha ntxiv ua ntej leaching, nyob rau hauv cov kev mob ntawm kev sib tsoo fineness ntawm -0.037 mm particle loj accounting rau 95%, lub sij hawm leaching ntawm 48 h, sodium cyanide concentration ntawm 0.5%, pH ntawm 12%, pH ntawm 40%, pH ntawm 1.20%, leaching residue tuaj yeem raug txo mus rau 97.55 g / t, kub leaching tus nqi nce mus txog 60.28%, cov nyiaj rov qab yog 14.37%, thiab sodium cyanide noj yog XNUMX kg / t. Qhov no qhia meej txog qhov zoo ntawm cov hmoov lead acetate hauv cov txheej txheem no.

Cov txheej txheem inhibitory ntawm cov ntsev ntsev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov tshuaj insoluble. Piv txwv li, txhuas tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog sulfur - muaj cov tshuaj hauv cov ore los ua cov hlau lead sulfide insoluble. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no txo ​​cov leej faj - muaj cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov ntxhia hauv tooj liab, yog li inhibiting qhov tawg ntawm tooj liab cov zaub mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsev ntsev kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab, txo lawv cov reactivity hauv cov tshuaj cyanide.

Chelating Agents (xws li Citric Acid)

Chelating agents, xws li citric acid, kuj tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv inhibiting tooj liab leaching thaum cyanidation. Cov chelating - hom leaching - pab cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo li citric acid ua haujlwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Citric acid muaj carboxyl thiab hydroxyl pawg, uas tuaj yeem chelate nrog teeb meem ions xws li Cu^{2 +}, Zn^{2+}, Fe^{2+}, thiab Fe^{3+} hauv cov pulp los tsim cov chelates ruaj khov.

Piv txwv li, pawg carboxyl hauv citric acid tuaj yeem koom tes nrog cov hlau ions los ntawm ib leeg - khub electrons ntawm oxygen atoms, tsim lub nplhaib - zoo li cov qauv. Los ntawm chelating cov hlau ions, citric acid tuaj yeem tshem tawm lawv cov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem cyanidation leaching, xws li txo lawv cov pa oxygen hauv cov tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, citric acid tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm gangue minerals xws li calcium - thiab magnesium - muaj cov zaub mov. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv gangue no, hloov lawv cov nqi saum npoo thiab hydrophilic - hydrophobic zog, ua rau lawv nyuaj rau yaj hauv cov tshuaj cyanide. Qhov no inhibition ntawm gangue minerals kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho "cov pa oxygen zoo" hauv cov tawv nqaij. Thaum cov minerals gangue tsis tshua yaj, lawv haus cov pa tsawg dua, thiab muaj cov pa oxygen ntau dua rau cov cyanidation ntawm kub, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau leaching ntawm kub. Feem ntau, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm citric acid tuaj yeem pab tsim kom muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov cyanidation ntawm kub, txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lwm cov hlau ions thiab txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev rho tawm kub.

Lwm yam (Kev Taw Qhia luv luv)

Ntxiv rau cov saum toj no - hais txog reagents, tswj cov concentration ntawm cyanide ions kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov tooj liab. Thaum lub concentration ntawm cyanide ions raug tswj kom zoo nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntau yam, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm tooj liab minerals nrog cyanide yuav txo tau. Piv txwv li, rau qee cov kub ores nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm yooj yim - soluble tooj liab cov zaub mov, los ntawm kev ua kom cov concentration ntawm dawb CN ^ - ions nyob rau hauv qis qis (xws li 0.05% - 0.10%), qhov kev sib cais ntawm tooj liab tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb qeeb, thaum lub dissolution tus nqi ntawm cov minerals kub, yog li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm dissolution ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb. kub minerals.

Lwm txoj kev yog siv cov ammonia - cyanide system. Hauv ammonia - cyanide system, ammonia tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes nrog tooj liab ions, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov leaching ntawm tooj liab rau qee yam. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm ammonia, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev tswj kom muaj kev ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev tsim khoom, uas txwv nws cov ntawv thov kev lag luam loj. Txawm hais tias txoj kev no muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev txo cov tooj liab leaching, cov teeb meem hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab cov nqi - kev ua tau zoo yuav tsum tau hais ntxiv.

Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Reagents

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj reagents siv los tiv thaiv tooj liab leaching thaum lub sij hawm cyanidation ntawm tooj liab - bearing kub ore yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab rau optimizing cov txheej txheem cyanidation.

Ore Khoom

1. Hom Copper Minerals

1. Cov ntxhia tooj liab sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv reactivities hauv cov tshuaj cyanide. Piv txwv li, tooj liab - carbonate minerals xws li malachite (Cu_2 (OH) _2CO_3) thiab azurite (Cu_3 (OH)_2 (CO_3)_2) yog cov reactive ntau dua piv rau ib co thawj sulfide tooj liab minerals xws li chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2). Malachite nkag siab nrog cyanide raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3 + 4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Qhov no reactivity siab txhais tau hais tias thaum siv reagents los inhibit tooj liab leaching, ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau rau ores nplua nuj nyob rau hauv xws li reactive tooj liab minerals.

2. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, chalcopyrite muaj ib tug complex qauv thiab yuav tsum tau ntau zog thiab tej yam kev mob tshwm sim los yaj nyob rau hauv cyanide daws. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev noj haus cyanide tseem ceeb. Nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab - hom ntxhia hauv cov ore yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog reagent thiab nws qhov ntau npaum li cas.

2. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tooj liab Minerals

1. Qhov siab dua cov tooj liab - cov ntsiab lus ntxhia hauv cov ore, qhov ntau dua qhov muaj peev xwm rau tooj liab leaching thiab sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cyanide. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug kub - bearing ore nrog ib tug tooj liab ntsiab lus ntawm 5%, tus nqi ntawm cyanide noj los ntawm tooj liab - leaching cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav ntau dua nyob rau hauv ib tug ore nrog ib tug tooj liab ntsiab lus ntawm 1%. Yog li ntawd, cov reagent xav tau los tiv thaiv tooj liab leaching yuav tsum tau hloov kho proportionally. Ntau dua - tooj liab - cov ntsiab lus ore yuav xav tau ntau dua ntawm cov ntsev ntsev los yog cov tshuaj chelating kom ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib cais tooj liab. Kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias rau txhua txhua 1% nce nyob rau hauv yooj yim - soluble tooj liab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub ore, kev noj cov hlau lead - ntsev - raws li inhibitor yuav tsum tau nce los ntawm 10 - 20 g / t kom tswj tau tib theem ntawm tooj liab - leaching inhibition.

Txheej txheem txheej txheem

1. Cyanide Concentration

1. Lub concentration ntawm cyanide nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj plays ib tug dual - lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tooj liab leaching thiab cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm inhibitors. Thaum cov cyanide concentration tsawg, tus nqi ntawm tooj liab - leaching cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txo. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov dawb - cyanide concentration (CN^ -) yog khaws cia ntawm 0.05% - 0.10%, qhov tawg ntawm tooj liab tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb qeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov cyanide concentration tsawg dhau, qhov leaching tus nqi ntawm kub kuj yuav cuam tshuam tsis zoo.

2. Thaum siv cov tshuaj reagents xws li cov ntsev ntsev, qhov zoo tshaj plaws cyanide concentration rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem sib txawv. Qee zaum, qhov siab dua me ntsis cyanide (ib puag ncig 0.15% - 0.20%) yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov hmoov txhuas - ntsev inhibitor tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tsis sib haum nrog cov sulfur - muaj cov tshuaj hauv cov ore, inhibiting tooj liab leaching. Tab sis yog tias cov cyanide concentration siab dhau lawm, nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev tawg ntawm tooj liab cov zaub mov txawm tias muaj cov inhibitors.

2. pH Tus Nqi

1. Cov pH ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ob qho tib si tooj liab leaching thiab kev ua ntawm inhibitors. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem cyanidation yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib qho nruab nrab alkaline, feem ntau nrog ib tug pH nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 10 - 11. Ntawm no pH ntau, lub stability ntawm cyanide ion yog khaws cia, thiab cov hydrolysis ntawm cyanide yog tsawg.

2. Rau cov neeg ua haujlwm chelates xws li citric acid, pH ntawm cov tshuaj cuam tshuam rau lawv lub peev xwm chelate. Citric acid muaj carboxyl thiab hydroxyl pawg uas chelate nrog hlau ions. Hauv qhov nruab nrab alkaline, kev sib cais ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm no tau txhawb nqa, txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm chelating nrog tooj liab ions. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias pH siab dhau (siab tshaj 12), nws tuaj yeem ua rau sab - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yuav txo tau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus neeg sawv cev chelating. Piv txwv li, hauv cov tshuaj alkaline heev, qee cov hlau - chelate complexes yuav tawg, tso cov chelated tooj liab ions rov qab rau hauv cov tshuaj.

3. Lub Sijhawm Leaching

1. Lub sijhawm leaching tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm tooj liab leaching thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm inhibitors. Raws li lub sij hawm leaching nce, ntau tooj liab yuav yaj yog tias tsis zoo inhibited. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv leaching txheej txheem (tsawg dua 12 teev), tus nqi ntawm tooj liab leached tej zaum kuj me me, thiab tus inhibitor tau yooj yim dua tswj tus tooj liab - leaching tus nqi. Tab sis yog tias lub sij hawm leaching txuas ntxiv mus rau 48 teev lossis ntau dua, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tooj liab - leaching cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua qhov tseem ceeb.

2. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhuas - ntsev inhibitors, lub sij hawm ntev leaching yuav xav tau ntau dua thawj zaug ntawm cov inhibitor. Qhov no yog vim lub sij hawm dhau mus, cov hlau lead - uas muaj cov tshuaj insoluble tsim yuav maj mam noj los yog lawv cov hauj lwm zoo yuav poob vim muaj cov tshuaj reactive nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj cyanide. Yog li, lub sij hawm leaching yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog thaum txiav txim siab tus nqi thiab hom reagent siv rau tooj liab - leaching inhibition.

Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Siv Ua Haujlwm

Case 1: Kev siv cov hmoov lead ntsev hauv lub pob zeb kub hauv South Africa

Ib lub pob zeb kub hauv South Africa tau ua cov tooj liab - bearing kub ore nrog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntawm kwv yees li 3%. Ua ntej siv cov ntsev ntsev ua ib qho inhibitor, cov txheej txheem cyanidation tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Kev siv cov cyanide yog qhov siab heev, nce mus txog 15 kg / t ntawm cov ore, thiab kub leaching tus nqi tsuas yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 80%. Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab siab hauv cov ore coj mus rau qhov tseem ceeb tooj liab tawg thaum lub sij hawm cyanidation, uas tsis tsuas yog haus ntau cov cyanide tab sis kuj cuam tshuam nrog kub - leaching txheej txheem.

Tom qab ntxiv cov hmoov lead nitrate (Pb(NO_3)_2) ntawm qhov ntau npaum ntawm 200 g / t ntawm ore, kev hloov pauv zoo kawg nkaus tau pom. Kev siv cyanide tau txo qis rau 8 kg / t ntawm ore, txo qis ntawm 47%. Qhov kub leaching tus nqi nce mus rau 90%. Cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam tseem ceeb heev. Xav txog tus nqi ntawm cyanide thiab tus nqi ntawm cov kub ntxiv, cov mine tau khaws cia kwv yees li $ 50 ib tuj ntawm cov ore ua tiav. Los ntawm ib puag ncig kev xav, qhov txo qis cyanide siv txhais tau tias tsawg dua ib puag ncig kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog cyanide to thiab pov tseg. Tus nqi ntawm cyanide - uas muaj cov pov tseg kuj raug txo, uas yog qhov zoo rau lub zos ecological ib puag ncig.

Case 2: Chelating Agent (Citric Acid) Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv Gold Mine hauv Australia

Hauv Australian kub mine, cov ore muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab minerals, feem ntau yog chalcopyrite thiab ib co tooj liab - carbonate minerals. Thawj txheej txheem cyanidation tsis siv tus neeg sawv cev chelating muaj tus nqi kub ntawm 75% thiab tooj liab leaching tus nqi ntawm 30%. Qhov siab tooj liab leaching tus nqi ua rau muaj kev noj ntau ntawm cyanide, txog 12 kg / t ntawm ore.

Thaum citric acid tau ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem cyanidation ntawm ib koob ntawm 1 kg / t ntawm ore, qhov xwm txheej zoo tuaj. Cov tooj liab leaching tus nqi tau txo mus rau 10%, thiab kub leaching tus nqi nce mus rau 85%. Kev siv ntawm cyanide txo mus rau 6 kg / t ntawm ore. Kev lag luam, tus nqi ntawm citric acid ntxiv yog qhov qis dua piv rau kev txuag nyiaj hauv cyanide noj thiab nce kub rov qab. Lub mine tau kwv yees tias nws tuaj yeem nce nws cov nyiaj tau los txhua xyoo los ntawm kwv yees li $ 300,000. Ib puag ncig, qhov txo cov tooj liab leaching txhais tau tias tsis tshua muaj tooj liab - muaj cov dej khib nyiab, uas yooj yim rau kev kho thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov dej hauv ib puag ncig.

Case 3: Daim Ntawv Thov Tus Tshiab Inhibitor (MZY) hauv Suav Kub Mine

Ib lub mine kub hauv Suav teb tau cuam tshuam nrog cov tooj liab refractory - bearing kub ore. Cov txheej txheem cyanidation ib txwm muaj qhov kub leaching tus nqi tsuas yog 70% thiab siab tooj liab leaching tus nqi, uas ua rau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cyanide noj. Tom qab ntxiv tus tshiab inhibitor MZY ntawm ib qho kev noj ntau npaum li cas, nrog rau cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm 18 kg / t ntawm txiv qaub thiab 1.2 kg / t ntawm sodium cyanide, qhov kub leaching tus nqi mus txog 83% - 84%, thiab tooj liab leaching tus nqi tau txo mus rau 4% - 5%.

Cov txheej txheem tshiab no tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho cov kub - leaching efficiency tab sis kuj txo cov cyanide noj. Cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam yog ob-fold: qhov nce kub rov qab ntxiv tus nqi ntau dua rau kev tsim khoom, thiab txo qis cyanide noj txuag nqi. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, txo qis cyanide noj thiab tsawg tooj liab - muaj cov khib nyiab txo lub nra ntawm ib puag ncig, ua rau kev lag luam mining ntau ruaj khov. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb no qhia meej txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj reagents los tiv thaiv cov tooj liab leaching hauv cyanidation ntawm tooj liab - bearing kub ores, ob qho tib si ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

xaus

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation ntawm tooj liab - bearing kub ores, leaching ntawm tooj liab tsis tsuas yog ua rau siab noj ntawm cyanide tab sis kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau leaching tus nqi ntawm kub thiab tom qab kub - cov txheej txheem rov qab. Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov reagents los inhibit tooj liab leaching yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

Lead ntsev, xws li lead nitrate, lead acetate, thiab lead oxide, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tooj liab leaching los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj insoluble nrog sulfur - muaj cov tshuaj hauv cov ore los yog hloov cov khoom ntawm tooj liab. Chelating cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo li citric acid tuaj yeem chelate nrog tooj liab ions thiab lwm yam hlau tsis zoo, txo lawv qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem cyanidation. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tswj cov cyanide concentration thiab siv cov ammonia - cyanide system kuj tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj zog tooj liab rau qee yam.

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj reagents yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Cov cuab yeej ore, suav nrog hom thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tooj liab cov ntxhia, txiav txim siab qhov reactivity ntawm tooj liab nyob rau hauv cov ore thiab yog li cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm reagent xav tau. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem xws li cyanide concentration, pH tus nqi, thiab lub sij hawm leaching kuj tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj reagents. Piv txwv li, qhov tsim nyog cyanide concentration thiab pH tus nqi tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov reagent, thaum lub sij hawm leaching tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tooj liab - leaching cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, peb tau pom cov txiaj ntsig siv tau ntawm cov tshuaj reagents. Hauv South Africa, kev siv cov hmoov lead nitrate hauv cov mine kub txo cov cyanide noj thiab nce cov kub leaching tus nqi, nqa cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab ib puag ncig zoo. Hauv tebchaws Australia, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm citric acid nyob rau hauv ib lub mine kub tau txo cov tooj liab leaching thiab cyanide noj thaum nce kub leaching tus nqi, uas yog zoo rau ob qho tib si economic thiab ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv Suav teb kub mine, siv ib tug tshiab inhibitor MZY, nrog rau optimized txheej txheem tej yam kev mob, txhim kho cov kub - leaching efficiency thiab txo cov tooj liab - leaching tus nqi, ua tau zoo economic thiab ib puag ncig.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, thaum soj ntsuam nrog lub cyanidation ntawm tooj liab - bearing kub ore, nws yog tsim nyog los ua tib zoo xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ore thiab cov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov txheej txheem, thiab xaiv qhov tsim nyog reagent thiab kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob. Kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tuaj yeem tsom mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg reagents, nrog rau kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov reagents thiab cov txheej txheem tsis ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua, kev lag luam, thiab ib puag ncig muaj txiaj ntsig kub - cov txheej txheem rho tawm.