Dab tsi yog daim ntawv thov dav dav ntawm sodium cyanide?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yog ib qho tshuaj lom heev uas muaj ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws ntau yam lag luam. Txawm hais tias nws muaj kev phom sij, nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb ua rau nws yog ib qho tshuaj reagent tseem ceeb hauv ntau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam. Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav ntau yam teb uas Sodium cyanide siv.

Mining Kev lag luam

Ib qho ntawm cov kev siv Sodium Cyanide uas paub zoo tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam Mining , tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev rho tawm cov hlau muaj nqis. Kub thiab nyiaj, uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ores qib qis, tuaj yeem sib cais tau zoo ntawm cov pob zeb nyob ib puag ncig siv cov txheej txheem hu ua cyanidation. Thaum muaj oxygen thiab dej, sodium cyanide reacts nrog kub lossis nyiaj los tsim cov hlau yaj - cyanide complexes. Piv txwv li, qhov kev cuam tshuam nrog kub tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau kev rov ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm ntau cov ore. Cyanidation kuj tseem siv rau kev rho tawm ntawm lwm cov hlau xws li tooj liab, zinc, thiab platinum - pab pawg hlau hauv qee kis. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev toxicity ntawm cyanide, nruj ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb ntsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm cyanide - uas muaj effluents rau hauv ib puag ncig.

Electroplating thiab Surface Treatment

Sodium cyanide ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem Electroplating . Nws yog siv ua ib qho khoom tseem ceeb hauv electroplating baths rau kev tso cov hlau xws li tooj liab, nyiaj, cadmium, thiab zinc rau ntawm ntau yam substrates. Hauv cov tshuaj electroplating, cyanide ions ua haujlwm ntau txoj hauv kev. Lawv pab txo qhov anode polarization, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov hlau anode yaj du. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov thiab sib xws ntawm cov hlau ions hauv cov tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cyanide ions ua rau cathode polarization ntau dua, uas txhawb nqa kev sib npaug ntawm cov hlau ntawm qhov chaw cathode, ua rau muaj qhov zoo, sib npaug - coated tiav. Piv txwv li, hauv nyiaj electroplating, kev siv sodium cyanide hauv plating bath pab ua kom tau txais cov nyiaj ci thiab nplaum rau ntawm cov khoom xws li hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Tshuaj Synthesis

1.Inorganic Chemical Production

Sodium cyanide ua haujlwm ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim ntau yam inorganic cyanides . Piv txwv li, nws yog siv los tsim cov potassium cyanide (KCN), uas kuj siv dav hauv ntau yam lag luam. Los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sodium cyanide nrog cov ntsev potassium los ntawm kev cuam tshuam metathesis, potassium cyanide tuaj yeem tau txais. Lwm cov inorganic Cyanides tseem ceeb xws li zinc cyanide (Zn (CN)₂), uas yog siv rau hauv electroplating thiab ua tus catalyst hauv qee cov tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tooj liab (I) cyanide (CuCN), siv rau hauv organic synthesis thiab electroplating, kuj tsim los ntawm sodium cyanide.

2.Organic Synthesis

Hauv cov organic chemistry, sodium cyanide yog lub zog nucleophile. Nws tuaj yeem koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li nucleophilic hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog alkyl halides. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, hu ua Kolbe nitrile synthesis, yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov pa roj carbon ntev ntev. Piv txwv li, thaum alkyl halide (R - X) reacts nrog sodium cyanide, alkyl nitrile (R - CN) yog tsim:

R - X+ NaCN → R - CN+ NaX

Cov txiaj ntsig nitriles tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau lwm cov organic sib txuas ntxiv. Lawv tuaj yeem raug hydrolyzed los tsim cov carboxylic acids lossis txo kom tsim cov amines, uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj, polymers, thiab lwm yam khoom siv organic.

Kws Tshuaj Lag Luam

Sodium cyanide yog siv nyob rau hauv synthesis ntawm ntau yam tshuaj intermediates. Piv txwv li, nws muaj kev koom tes hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib txuas xws li cyanacetic acid thiab nws cov derivatives. Cyanacetic acid tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov tshuaj xws li barbiturates, uas yog siv los ua sedatives thiab hypnotics. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog kev sib txuas ntawm qee cov amino acids, uas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein. Qee cov amino acids yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hluavtaws uas koom nrog kev siv sodium cyanide ua cov khoom pib lossis reagent hauv cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb. Cov amino acids no ces siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj.

Dye thiab Textile Kev Lag Luam

1.Dye Manufacturing

Hauv kev lag luam dyeing, sodium cyanide yog siv hauv kev tsim cov dyes thiab dye intermediates. Piv txwv li, nws muaj kev koom tes hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cyanuric chloride, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb nruab nrab rau kev tsim cov dyes reactive. Reactive dyes yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam textile vim lawv cov khoom zoo heev colourfastness. Cyanuric chloride tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog ntau cov organic tebchaw los tsim ntau cov qauv xim uas tuaj yeem khi covalently rau textile fibers, muab cov xim ntev.

2. Textile ua

Hauv kev lag luam textile, sodium cyanide tuaj yeem siv los ua mordant hauv qee cov txheej txheem dyeing. Lub mordant pab txhim kho kev khi ntawm cov dye rau cov ntaub, txhim kho cov xim siv thiab durability ntawm cov khoom dyed. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tej yam kev kho deg txheej txheem rau textiles, xws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm steel - raws li textile machinery qhov chaw uas nws yuav koom nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem xws li kua carburizing thiab nitriding los txhim kho hardness thiab hnav - tsis kam ntawm cov hlau Cheebtsam.

Pest Control thiab Fumigation

Vim nws cov tshuaj lom neeg heev, sodium cyanide tau siv rau hauv kev tswj kab tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yav dhau los rau fumigation hom phiaj. Hauv cov chaw kaw xws li cov tsev khaws khoom lossis chaw cia khoom, cyanide - raws li fumigants uas muaj sodium cyanide tuaj yeem siv los tua cov kab tsuag xws li kab, nas, thiab qee yam fungi. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv sodium cyanide hauv kev tswj xyuas kab tsuag tau txo qis hauv xyoo tas los no vim nws cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis zoo thiab kev txhim kho lwm txoj hauv kev, tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv kab tsuag. Cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb nruj tam sim no tswj hwm nws txoj kev siv hauv thaj chaw no txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev raug mob rau tib neeg thiab cov kab mob uas tsis yog hom phiaj.

Hauv kev xaus, sodium cyanide, txawm tias nws muaj toxicity, yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj nrog ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam xws li mining, electroplating, chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals, dye and textile, and pest control. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuav thiab siv yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig cov cai kom txo qis kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig.