Phunzirani pa Cyanide Leaching of Carbonaceous Carlin-Type Gold Ore

Introduction

Miyala yagolide ya Carbonaceous Carlin imadziwika ndi kufalikira kwawo kwakukulu komanso malo osungiramo golide ambiri. Komabe, imabweretsa mavuto akulu pakuchotsa golide. Miyala iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi Carbon mu kapangidwe kake, ndipo tinthu ta golide timapezeka mu mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri. Kupezeka kwa arsenic ndi kaboni kumabweretsa mavuto awiri akuluakulu: kuyika golide mkati ndi mphamvu ya kaboni yobera golide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwa cyanidation mwachindunji. Zotsatira zake, amaonedwa ngati miyala iwiri yotsutsa kapena miyala yolimba, yomwe ikuyimira dziko lonse lapansi m'migodi ya golide.

Vuto la Cyanide Leaching mu Carbonaceous Carlin-Type Gold Ores

Gold Encapsulation

Miyala ya sulfide yomwe ili mu miyala ya golide ya Carlin nthawi zambiri imaphimba tinthu ta golide. Chotchinga ichi chimalepheretsa kukhudzana mwachindunji pakati pa yankho la cyanide ndi golide, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kugwira ntchito bwino kwa njira yotulutsira. Mwachitsanzo, m'migodi yambiri yokhala ndi miyala yotereyi, golide wambiri amakhalabe mkati mwa sulfide matrix, yomwe singathe kufikika kwa mankhwala otulutsira Cyanide.

Carbon's Gold-Robbery Effect

Zipangizo za kaboni zomwe zili m'miyala iyi zimakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa golide wa cyanide complexes. Panthawi yochotsa cyanide, pamene golideyo akusungunuka ndikupanga ma cyanide complexes, zinthu za kaboni zimatha kuyamwa ma complexes awa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "golideyo achotsedwe" kuchokera mu yankho. Izi sizimangopangitsa kuti golide ayambe kuchira pang'ono komanso zimayambitsa kutayika kwakukulu pakuchotsa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kaboni mu miyala, monga elemental carbon, organic carbon, ndi inorganic carbon, zonse zimathandiza pamlingo wosiyanasiyana pa izi. Elemental carbon, makamaka, ili ndi khalidwe loyamwa mofanana ndi la Activated Carbon , lomwe limatha kuyamwa kwambiri ma complexes a golide wa cyanide.

Kafukufuku pa Mayesero a Cyanide Leaching

Direct Cyanide Leaching

Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti cyanide leaching ya carbonaceous Carlin ores golide amatulutsa golide wochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zina, ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba za cyanide leaching monga carbon-in-pulp (CIP) kapena resin-in-pulp (RIP), chiwongoladzanja chochira chimakhalabe chokhumudwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, pakuyesa kwina, kuchuluka kwa golide kwa kutulutsa kwa cyanide mwachindunji kunali 12.9% yokha, kuwonetsa kusagwira ntchito kwa njira iyi pamiyala yotereyi.

Njira Zothandizira Kupititsa patsogolo Kutulutsa kwa Cyanide

Kukuwotcha

Kuwotcha ndi njira yachikale yokonzekera. Powotcha miyalayi, zida za carbonaceous zimathamangitsidwa ngati CO ndi CO₂, ndipo pyrite amawola kukhala ma oxide achitsulo. Njira imeneyi imavumbula golide wotsekedwa kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cyanide ifike mosavuta. Komabe, kuwotcha kumafuna chakudya chabwino chochotsera ma mesh khumi, osachepera maola anayi osungira, ndi kuwongolera bwino kutentha ndi mpweya wa ng'anjoyo. Kutentha kwapansi pa 500 ° C kapena mpweya wocheperako pang'ono kungayambitse kuwotcha kosakwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa golide. Kuphatikiza apo, pa 550 ° C ndi kupitilira apo, pyrite imasinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a hematite omwe golide sangathe kutulutsidwa bwino ndi cyanide. Kuphatikiza apo, kukazinga kumafuna kuyanika chakudya kung'anjo yokwera mtengo komanso kuletsa kutulutsa mpweya wa ng'anjo. Ngakhale imatha kutulutsa golide wa 85 - 87% kuchokera ku ore okhala ndi magalamu khumi ndi atatu a golide pa toni, chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera mtengo komanso zovuta zogwirira ntchito, kuwotcha kwasiyidwa ngati njira ina yoyenera kusungitsa golide wamtundu wa Carlin.

Chemical Oxidation

Chemical oxidation yawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pakuchiritsa ores agolide amtundu wa Carlin. Ma oxidizing m'madzi amadzimadzi amatha kuthana ndi zotsatira zoyipa za zinthu za carbonaceous. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito chlorine ngati mankhwala ochiritsira kwaphunziridwa kwambiri. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa klorini komwe kumafunikira kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe chitsulo chimakanirira. Mwala wosakanizika pang'ono ungafunike makg khumi mpaka makumi awiri okha a klorini pa toni imodzi mu pretreatment ya cyanidation kuti akwaniritse 83% kapena kupitilira apo golide mu cyanidation wotsatira. Komano, miyala yonyezimira kwambiri, ingafunike kupyola makg 100 a klorini pa toni imodzi pokonzekera mankhwala. Mankhwala ena okosijeni monga hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, ndi potaziyamu permanganate afufuzidwanso. Sodium hypochlorite, mwachitsanzo, sangangowonjezera mchere wa sulfide kuti uwonetse golide wotsekedwa komanso kusokoneza zida za carbon, kuchepetsa kuphwanya kwawo golide. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium hypochlorite monga pretreatment agent kumatha kusintha kwambiri chiwopsezo cha kubweza golide mu leaching wotsatira wa cyanide.

Bakiteriya Oxidation

Bacterial oxidation ndi njira yomwe ikubwera komanso yosunga zachilengedwe. Mabakiteriya ophatikizika a acidophilic atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa mchere wa sulfide mu ore. Njirayi imathetsa bwino vuto la kuyika golide ndi sulfide. Panthawi ya mabakiteriya oxidation, mabakiteriya amatsuka mchere wa sulfide, kuwaphwanya ndi kutulutsa golide wotsekedwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kugwiritsa ntchito carbon activated mu njira yotsatila ya cyanide leaching ingathe kutenga mwayi pa mpikisano wotsatsa malonda kuti athe kuthana ndi kuba kwa golide kwa zinthu za carbon. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wa carbonaceous Carlin-mtundu golide gawo ku Yunnan, mwa kuphatikiza bakiteriya okosijeni ndi carbon-mu-zamkati cyanidation, golide kuchira mlingo anafika 82.39%, pamene kumwa cyanide reagent anachepetsedwa ndi 49.68%. Izi zikusonyeza kuti bakiteriya makutidwe ndi okosijeni - carbon cyanide leaching ndondomeko ndi njira yabwino kuchitira carbonaceous Carlin-mtundu golide ores.

Kutsiliza

Mafuta a golide amtundu wa Carbonaceous Carlin amakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu pakubweza kwa cyanide chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa golide komanso kuba kwa golide kwa carbon. Ngakhale kukhetsa mwachindunji kwa cyanide sikuthandiza, njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mankhwala monga kuwotcha, okosijeni wamankhwala, ndi makutidwe ndi mabakiteriya amapereka njira zothetsera. Njira iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake ndi malire ake ponena za kubweza golide, mtengo wake, ndi chilengedwe. Zina mwa izo, makutidwe ndi mabakiteriya - carbon cyanide leaching ndi njira zina za okosijeni wamankhwala zimasonyeza lonjezo lalikulu lochiza bwino ma ore awa. Komabe, kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunikabe kuti akwaniritse njirazi, kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kuwongolera chilengedwe chawo, kuti apangitse kuchotsa golide ku miyala yagolide yamtundu wa Carlin kukhala yabwino komanso yokhazikika.