Kafukufuku wa Cyanide-Muli Madzi Opanda Madzi Owonongeka ndi Kubwezeretsa Mwathunthu Zinthu Zamtengo Wapatali

Mu gawo la chitukuko chamakono cha mafakitale, mbadwo wa cyanide-okhala ndi madzi onyansa ndi chinthu chosapeŵeka m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo migodi, electroplating, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Madzi otayirawa samangobweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu ku chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu chifukwa cha poizoni wa cyanide komanso ali ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe zitha kupezedwanso, zomwe zimapereka zabwino zonse zachilengedwe komanso zachuma. Zotsatira zake, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chithandizo chamadzi otayidwa okhala ndi cyanide komanso kubwezeredwa kwathunthu kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali wakhala mutu wofunikira womwe ukukopa chidwi chambiri kuchokera kumaphunziro ndi mafakitale.

Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Onyansa Okhala ndi Cyanide

Cyanide ndi chinthu chapoizoni kwambiri chomwe chimasokoneza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amthupi la munthu kupuma komanso kwamanjenje ngakhale pamlingo wochepa. Madzi otayira okhala ndi cyanide akatayidwa m'madzi achilengedwe popanda chithandizo choyenera, amatha kufa kwa zamoyo zam'madzi, kuwononga chilengedwe chamadzi, ndikuyipitsa nthaka ndi madzi apansi panthaka, ndikuwononga chilengedwe kwanthawi yayitali komanso kutali. Kuonjezera apo, pazachuma, kutaya kosayenera kwa madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide kumatanthauza kuwononga zinthu zamtengo wapatali, monga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golidi, siliva, ndi zitsulo zolemera monga mkuwa, zinki, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'madzi onyansa.

Njira Zapamwamba Zochiritsira Madzi Opanda Cyanide

Chemical Oxidation Njira

Chemical oxidation ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochizira madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide. Njira monga chlorination, ozonation, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, klorination imagwiritsa ntchito klorini kapena mankhwala ake kuti apangitse ayoni a cyanide kukhala ma cyanide ions opanda poizoni, kenako amawawonjezera kukhala carbon dioxide ndi nitrogen pamikhalidwe yoyenera. Ozonation, ndi mphamvu yake yamphamvu ya okosijeni, imatha kuwononga cyanide mwachangu, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zokwanira, ndikusiya zowononga zina zochepa. Njira za okosijeni wamankhwala izi zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi oyipa, ndikupangitsa kuti ikwaniritse miyezo yotulutsa.

Njira Zochiritsira Zachilengedwe

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tigayitse ndi kuwola cyanide. Mabakiteriya enieni amatha kutengera malo okhala ndi cyanide ndikugwiritsa ntchito cyanide ngati gwero la kaboni ndi gwero la nayitrogeni pakukula ndi kuberekana. Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wa mtengo wotsika, kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe, komanso kukwanitsa kugwiritsira ntchito madzi ambiri onyansa mosalekeza. Komabe, imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga kutentha, pH mtengo, komanso kukhalapo kwa zinthu zoletsa m'madzi otayira, zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera mosamalitsa magwiridwe antchito.

Njira Zochiritsira Mwathupi ndi Mankhwala

Njira zopangira mankhwala, kuphatikiza ma adsorption, kusinthanitsa ma ion, ndi kupatukana kwa membrane, zimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri yokhala ndi cyanide. mankhwalawa. Activated carbon adsorption amatha kuchotsa cyanide yotsalira ndi zina zowononga organic m'madzi oipa. Ma resins osinthanitsa a ion amatha kusankha ma cyanide ions ndi zitsulo-cyanide complexes, kukwaniritsa kulekana ndi kulemeretsa kwa cyanide. Tekinoloje yolekanitsa ma membrane, monga reverse osmosis ndi nanofiltration, imatha kulekanitsa cyanide ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali kuchokera m'madzi onyansa kudzera m'ma membranes omwe amatha kutha, komanso kupatukana kwakukulu komanso kukhazikika kwabwino.

Kubwezeretsa Kwathunthu kwa Zinthu Zamtengo Wapatali

Kubwezeretsa Zitsulo Zamtengo Wapatali

M'mafakitale amigodi ndi electroplating, madzi oipa okhala ndi cyanide nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva. Njira monga zosungunulira zosungunulira, electrowinning, ndi kusinthana kwa ion zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti achire. Kuchotsa zosungunulira kumagwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira za organic posankha zinthu zamtengo wapatali zachitsulo-cyanide m'madzi onyansa, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuvula ndi mvula kuti apeze zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Electrowinning mwachindunji amabwezeretsa zitsulo kuchokera m'madzi otayidwa kudzera mu electrolysis, yomwe ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza yobwezeretsanso zitsulo.

Kubwezeretsa Zitsulo Zolemera

Pazitsulo zolemera monga mkuwa ndi zinki m'madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide, njira monga mpweya wa mankhwala, simenti, ndi zosungunulira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kutentha kwa Chemical kumagwiritsa ntchito ma reagents kuti agwirizane ndi ayoni achitsulo cholemera kuti apange ma inseluble precipitates, omwe amalekanitsidwa. Cementation imagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zambiri zamagetsi kuti zichotse zitsulo zolemera kuchokera ku yankho, kuti zitheke. Njira zobwezeretsazi sizimangochepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zitsulo zolemera komanso kusandutsa zinyalala kukhala chuma, ndikupanga phindu lachuma.

Mavuto ndi Zoyembekeza

Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakusamalira madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali, pali zovuta zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kukwera mtengo kwa matekinoloje ena apamwamba opangira mankhwala, zovuta zotsuka madzi otayira ndi zigawo zovuta, ndi zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti njira zochizira zikhazikika kwanthawi yayitali. M'tsogolomu, ochita kafukufuku akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga njira zothandizira, zotsika mtengo, komanso zachilengedwe zophatikizana komanso kuchira. Kuphatikizika kwa njira zingapo zochizira, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga ndi data yayikulu pakuwongolera njira zitha kukhala mayendedwe ofunikira pachitukuko, zomwe zimathandizira kuti mafakitale azitukuka ndikuteteza chilengedwe.

Pomaliza, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha madzi onyansa okhala ndi cyanide komanso kubwezeredwa kwathunthu kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi wofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu, komanso chitukuko chachuma. Kufufuza kosalekeza ndi ukadaulo pankhaniyi kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino pazachilengedwe komanso zachuma zamafakitale.