Basa Rinokosha reSodium Hydroxide muIndasitiri yeMetallurgiska

Munzvimbo yakakura uye yakaoma ye metallurgical industry, yavaibvisa hydroxide (NaOH), inowanzozivikanwa se caustic soda kana lye, inoita basa rakawanda uye rinokosha. Iyi komputa ine alkaline yakasimba, inowanikwa yakasimba (yakadai seflake kana granular) uye mafomu emvura, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mune dzakasiyana siyana metallurgical process, kubva pakubviswa kwesimbi kubva muore yavo kusvika pakupera kwekupedzisira kwezvigadzirwa zvesimbi.

1. Ore Processing uye Kubvisa

1.1 Shanduko kune Soluble Salts

Rimwe remabasa ekutanga esodium hydroxide mumetallurgy kushandura zvinhu zvakakosha mukati meores kuita munyu unonyungudika. Izvi zvakakosha sezvo zvichigonesa kupatsanurwa kwesimbi inodiwa kubva kutsvina isinganyungudika iripo mune ore. Semuenzaniso, mukubvisa tungsten, maitiro anotanga nekugocha tungsten - inotakura ore, senge scheelite kana wolframite, ine sodium hydroxide kana sodium carbonate. Iyi nzira yekugocha inoshandura tungsten zvicherwa kuita soluble sodium tungstate. Iyo soluble sodium tungstate inogona kubva yagadziridzwa zvakare, yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune isinganyunguke yakasara, uye pakupedzisira inoshandurwa kudzoka kuita yakachena tungsten kuburikidza neanotevera maitiro emakemikari.

1.2 Maitiro eLeaching

Sodium hydroxide inoshandiswawo mukuita leaching process. Kune mamwe masimbi esimbi, leaching ine sodium hydroxide mhinduro inogona kusarudza kunyungudutsa simbi tsika. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune yakaderera - giredhi kana yakaoma ores uko tsika dzechinyakare dzekunyungudutsa dzinogona kunge dzisingadhure - dzinoshanda. Mukubviswa kwealuminium kubva ku bauxite ore kuburikidza neBayer process, sodium hydroxide inoshandiswa kuburitsa alumina. Bauxite ine tsvina yakaita sesimbi oxides, silica, uye titanium dioxide. Kana bauxite ichibatwa nekupisa, yakanyungudutswa sodium hydroxide solution, iyo alumina inobata kuumba soluble sodium aluminate, nepo tsvina zhinji inoramba isina kunyungudika uye inogona kupatsanurwa nekusefa.

2. Metal Refining

2.1 Kubviswa Kwetsvina

munguva kunatsa simbi, sodium hydroxide inoshanda sechinhu chine simba chekubvisa tsvina dzakasiyana kubva musimbi. Inogona kuita nema oxides, sulfides, uye zvimwe zvisiri zvesimbi tsvina zviripo pamusoro kana mukati mesimbi matrix. Mukunatsa mhangura, semuenzaniso, sodium hydroxide inogona kushandiswa kubvisa copper oxide tsvina. Apo mhangura ine oxide tsvina inobatwa ne sodium hydroxide, redox reaction inoitika. Iyo hydroxide ions inoderedza copper oxide kuita metallic mhangura, uye panguva imwe chete, inogadzira soluble sodium munyu nezvimwe zvisiri zvesimbi tsvina, izvo zvinozogona kubviswa nyore nyore. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuvandudza kuchena uye kunaka kwemhangura, kuwedzera maitiro ayo emagetsi uye mechanical properties.

2.2 Electrolytic Refining Tsigiro

Mumagetsi ekunatsa maitiro, sodium hydroxide inogona kuita basa mukuchengetedza kugadzikana kwe electrolyte uye kufambisa kutsetseka kwesimbi yakachena pacathode. Kune mamwe masimbi, senge zingi, mumabhati e-alkaline electroplating, sodium hydroxide inoshandiswa seyakaomesesa agent uye conductive munyu. Inopindirana ne zinc ions kuti iite zincate ions, iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza bhati yeplating yakagadzikana uye inovandudza maitiro ekugezera. Izvi zvinotungamira kune yakawedzera yunifomu deposition ye zinc pane cathode, zvichikonzera zviri nani - yemhando zinc coating.

3. Surface Treatment

3.1 Kubvisa mafuta uye Kuchenesa

Metal surfaces kazhinji ine zvinosvibisa zvakaita semafuta, magiresi, uye organic residues izvo zvinoda kubviswa zvisati zvaitwa. Sodium hydroxide ndiyo inoshanda degreasing agent. Inopindirana ne esters ye fatty acids inowanikwa mumafuta nemafuta kuburikidza nenzira inonzi saponification. Semuenzaniso, kana stearic acid esters mumafuta emuriwo ikaita ne sodium hydroxide, inoburitsa mvura - soluble sodium stearate, inowanzozivikanwa sesipo, uye glycerol. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvibvirire kushambidza tsvina nemvura, zvichisiya nzvimbo yakachena yesimbi. Iyi yekuchenesa maitiro yakakosha kune anotevera maoparesheni akadai se electroplating, pendi, kana welding, senzvimbo yakachena inovimbisa kunamira kuri nani kwemajasi kana mabhondi akasimba.

3.2 Etching uye Surface Kugadzirira

Sodium hydroxide inoshandiswawo musimbi etching process. Kune aruminiyamu uye alloys ayo, sodium hydroxide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune alkali etching, inowanzoitwa isati yazodzwa kana zvimwe. pamusoro kurapwa maitiro. Iyo etching ine sodium hydroxide inogadzira yunifomu uye yakachena pamusoro pemagadzirirwo pane aruminiyamu alloy, ichiwedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro uye kuvandudza kunamatira kweanotevera machira. Muyero we etching unogona kudzorwa nekugadzirisa kusanganiswa kwe sodium hydroxide, tembiricha, uye nguva yekuratidzwa.

4. Desulfurization muSimbi uye Zvimwe Kugadzirwa Kwesimbi

Mukugadzirwa kwesimbi nedzimwe simbi, sarufa itsvina isingadikanwi sezvo ichigona kukonzera brittleness musimbi, ichideredza mashandiro ayo emuchina uye weldability. Sodium hydroxide inogona kushandiswa se desulfurizing agent. Mukugadzira simbi, kana sodium hydroxide yawedzerwa kusimbi yakanyungudutswa, inopindirana nesarufa kuita sodium sulfide. Iyo sodium sulfide yakaumbwa haina kunyungudika musimbi yakanyungudutswa uye inogona kubviswa kuburikidza nekuita slagging. Izvi zvinobatsira kuvandudza kunaka kwesimbi uye mamwe masimbi kuburikidza nekuderedza sulfur content kusvika kumazinga anogamuchirwa.

5. Basa muElectrochemical Processes

5.1 Electrolysis yeAluminium

Muindasitiri yemazuva ano yealuminium, iyo Horo - Héroult process, iyo yekutanga nzira yekugadzira aruminiyamu, inotsamira pane electrolyte system. Kunyangwe iyo huru electrolyte iri musanganiswa we cryolite nealumina, sodium hydroxide inogona kuvepo mune zvidiki mune mamwe masiyano ekuita kana mumatanho ekutanga ekurapa. Sodium hydroxide inogona kukanganisa conductivity yemagetsi uye maitiro emakemikari anoitika pamagetsi. Inobatsira kufambisa kuyerera kwezvino kuburikidza ne electrolyte, iyo yakakosha pakuparara kwealuminium kuita aluminium uye oksijeni pane cathode uye anode zvakateerana.

5.2 Zvimwe Electrochemical Metal Deposition uye Kudzorera

Sodium hydroxide inoshandiswawo mune mamwe electrochemical maitiro ekuisa simbi uye kudzoreredza. Semuenzaniso, mune electrodeposition yemamwe masimbi kubva mumhinduro dzawo, sodium hydroxide inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa pH yemhinduro ye electrolyte. Kugadziriswa kwepH uku kunogona kuve nekukanganisa kwakakura pamagadzirirwo emagetsi emagetsi, kupesvedzera zvinhu zvakaita seyero yekuiswa kwesimbi, kunaka kweiyo yakaiswa simbi layer, uye kusarudzwa kwekuiswa kwesimbi kana maion akawanda esimbi aripo mumhinduro.

Mukupedzisa, sodium hydroxide ikemikari yakakosha muindasitiri yemetallurgical. Zvishandiso zvayo zvakasiyana mu ore processing, kunatsa simbi, kurapwa pamusoro, desulfurization, uye electrochemical maitiro anobatsira zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro simbi uye zvigadzirwa zvesimbi. Sezvo indasitiri yemetallurgical ichiramba ichishanduka, basa resodium hydroxide rinogona kuramba rakakosha, nekutsvagisa nekuenderera mberi kwakanangana nekugadzirisa mashandisiro ayo uye kuongorora maapplication matsva ekuvandudza kushanda uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.