Ziziphi iinkqubo zokususa i-sodium cyanide kwimisila yegolide?

intshayelelo

Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, i-cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yokukhupha ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ekunyibilikiseni igolide kwi-ore. Nangona kunjalo, ukubakho kwe-cyanide kwiintsalela zegolide kubeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwizokhuseleko. Ngenxa yoko, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezisebenzayo zokususa i-Cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu. Eli nqaku liphonononga iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokususa i-cyanide ezisetyenziswa ekunyangeni i-Gold Tailings , ngenjongo yokubonelela ngokuqonda okubanzi kweendlela ezikhoyo.

Indlela ye-Alkaline yeChlorination

Siseko

Indlela ye-alkaline chlorination yenye yezona nkqubo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekususweni kwe-cyanide. Kule ndlela, ii-oxidants ezisekelwe kwi-chlorine zongezwa kwi-slurry ye-tailings phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline. I-chlorine isabela kunye nee-ion ze-cyanide (CN-) ukuze zenze iimveliso ezingenabungozi. Le mpendulo yenzeka kwizigaba ezibini eziphambili. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidized to cyanate (CNO-), kwaye kwinqanaba lesibini, i-cyanate iphinda ibole ibe yigesi ye-nitrogen, iCarbon dioxide, kunye nezinye izinto ezingenabungozi.

eziluncedo

• Ukusebenza kakuhle : Inokunciphisa ngempumelelo ubuninzi be-cyanide kwi-gold tailings ukuze ihlangabezane nemida yokukhupha emiselweyo.

• Isebenza kakhulu : Ifanelekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentsalela ze-cyanide kunye nomxube owahlukileyo.

• Iteknoloji Esele Isekiwe : Le nkqubo iyaqondakala kakuhle, kwaye kukho amava amaninzi kwezoshishino ekusetyenzisweni kwayo.

nezingeloncedo

• IiReagents eziGcolisayo : Ii-oxidants ezisekelwe kwi-chlorine zinokuba ngumhlwa kwizixhobo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuphila kwezixhobo.

• Iimveliso Ezinobungozi : Ngexesha lokusabela, kukho umngcipheko wokuvelisa iimveliso ezinobungozi ezifana negesi yekhlorine ukuba inkqubo ayilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.

• Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweekhemikhali : Ifuna inani elikhulu lee-oxidants ezisekelwe kwi-chlorine, ezinokunyusa iindleko zokusebenza.

Into yokuphonononga

Umgodi wegolide usebenzise indlela yealkaline chlorination ukunyanga icyanide yawo - equlethe iintsalela. Ngokulawula ngononophelo i-pH ye-tailings slurry malunga ne-10 - 11 kunye nokongeza umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-bleaching powder (i-chlorine eqhelekileyo - i-oxidant esekelwe kwi-oxidant), umxholo we-cyanide opheleleyo kwi-tailings yancitshiswa ukusuka kugxininiso lokuqala lwe-200 mg / L ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.1 mg / L emva konyango. Iintsalela eziphathwayo zadibana nemigangatho yendawo yokukhutshwa kokusingqongileyo.

Inkqubo ye-INCO (Sulfur Dioxide - Inkqubo yoMoya)

Siseko

Inkqubo ye-INCO, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-sulphur dioxide - inkqubo yomoya, yenye iteknoloji yokususa i-cyanide ebalulekileyo. Kule nkqubo, i-sulfure dioxide kunye nomoya zingeniswa kwi-tailings slurry phambi kwe-catalyst yobhedu. I<em>sulphur dioxide i<em>oxidized ibe yi<em>sulfate, yaye ioksijini esemoyeni inceda kwi<em>oxidation ye<em>cyanide. I-catalyst yobhedu ikhawuleza isantya sokusabela, iguqula i-cyanide ibe yikharbon diokside, initrogen, kunye nezinye izinto.

eziluncedo

• Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali okuphantsi : Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela, ayifuni khemikhali ingako njengoko isebenzisa umoya njengomthombo we-oxidant.

• Iimveliso Ezincitshisiweyo Zetyhefu : Zivelisa iimveliso ezinobuthi obuncinci xa kuthelekiswa ne-alkaline chlorination, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.

• Ixabiso Elisebenzayo : Linokuba lixabiso elifanelekileyo kwimisebenzi emikhulu ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi le-sulfur dioxide nomoya.

nezingeloncedo

• Imfuneko yeCatalyst : Imfuneko ye-catalyst yobhedu yongeza ubunzima kwinkqubo. I-catalyst kufuneka igcinwe kwaye ijongwe ngononophelo, kwaye ukulahleka okanye ukungasebenzi kwayo kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.

• Uvakalelo lwe-pH : Le nkqubo inovelwano kwi-pH ye-tailings slurry. Iimeko ze-pH ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zigcinwe ukuze kususwe i-cyanide ngokufanelekileyo, ngesiqhelo kuluhlu lwe-8 - 9.

• Izinga lokusabela elicothayo : Izinga lokusabela licotha kakhulu xa lithelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo ze-oxidation, ezinokufuna imithambo emikhulu yokusabela kunye namaxesha okuhlala amade.

Into yokuphonononga

Umsebenzi omkhulu wokwembiwa kwegolide ekuphunyezweni kwenkqubo ye-INCO. Ngokufakela inkqubo yokusabela ezinikeleyo yokwazisa i-sulphur dioxide kunye nomoya, kunye nokulawula ngononophelo i-copper catalyst dosage, baye bakwazi ukunciphisa i-cyanide concentration kwi-tailings yabo ukusuka kwi-150 mg / L ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-50 mg / L. Oku kuhlangatyezwane neshishini - elamkelekileyo elibuthathaka - iasidi dissociable (WAD) iimfuno zenqanaba lecyanide yokulahlwa kweentsalela zezimbiwa.

Iindlela zonyango lwebhayoloji

Siseko

Unyango lwebhayoloji yecyanide - equlathe iintsalela zegolide kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemicroorganisms ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye nomngundo. Ezi microorganisms zinokusebenzisa i-cyanide njengomthombo wenitrogen okanye wekhabhoni. Ngokomzekelo, iibhaktheriya ezithile zinokuguqula i-cyanide ibe yi-ammonia ngokusabela kwe-enzymatic. Inkqubo iyonke luluhlu oluntsonkothileyo lweempendulo ze-biochemical apho i-microorganisms idiliza i-molecule ye-cyanide phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu obufanelekileyo, i-pH, kunye nokufumaneka kwezondlo.

eziluncedo

• Unyango olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo : Unyango lwebhayoloji lukhetho oluhlala ixesha elide kuba alungenisi ezinye iikhemikhali eziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo.

• Ixabiso Eliphantsi : Nje ukuba inkcubeko yeentsholongwane imiselwe, iindleko zokusebenza zinokuba phantsi njengoko iintsholongwane zikwazi ukuziphindaphinda kwaye zisebenzise izondlo zendalo.

• Unyango Olukhethiweyo : Ezinye iintsholongwane zinokuhlasela i-cyanide ngokukhetha, zishiye ezinye iiminerali ezixabisekileyo ezikwiintsalela zingaphazanyiswa.

nezingeloncedo

• Inkqubo Ecothayo : Iinkqubo zebhayoloji zihlala zinezinga lokusabela elicothayo xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokunyibilikisa iikhemikhali. Oku kunokufuna ii-bioreactors ezinkulu kunye nexesha elide lonyango.

• Uvakalelo kwiimeko zeNdalo : Iintsholongwane zinovakalelo olukhulu kutshintsho lobushushu, i-pH, kunye nobukho bezinye izinto ezinobuthi kwimisila. Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci lunokuphazamisa umsebenzi weentsholongwane kwaye lunciphise ukusebenza kokususwa kwe-cyanide.

• Ubunzima bokuqalisa : Ukumisela inkcubeko ye-microbial ezinzileyo nesebenzayo yokonakala kwe-cyanide kunokuba nzima. Kufuna ukukhethwa ngononophelo kunye nokuziqhelanisa ne-microorganisms ezifanelekileyo.

Into yokuphonononga

Umgodi wegolide kuvavanyo lwenkqubo yonyango yebhayoloji. Basebenzisa i-bioreactor eyilwe ngokukhethekileyo ezaliswe yimbumba ye-cyanide - iintsholongwane ezithoba isidima. Emva kokusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo kweemeko zokusingqongileyo kwi-bioreactor, baye bakwazi ukunciphisa i-cyanide concentration kwi-tailings ukusuka kwi-80 mg / L ukuya malunga ne-10 mg / L. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo idinga iinyanga ezininzi zokuqalisa kunye nohlengahlengiso ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzileyo.

Ukuhlamba iintsalela zezimbiwa kunye nokuXhulwa kwedama (WPS) Inkqubo

Siseko

Inkqubo ye-WPS inamanyathelo amabini angundoqo: ukuhlamba iintsalela zezimbiwa ezinodaka kunye nedama okanye itanki yokuhluthwa kwecyanide. Kwinqanaba lokuhlamba, i-counter-current high-rate thickeners isetyenziselwa ukuhlamba i-tailings slurry. Oku kunceda ekususeni isixa esibalulekileyo se-cyanide - equlethe isisombululo kwii-tailings. Ukuphuphuma kwe-thickener, equlethe i-cyanide, emva koko iphantsi kwedama okanye i-tank stripping. Kwinkqubo yokuhlutha, isisombululo se-cyanide - esisityebi sibonakaliswe emoyeni okanye kwezinye ii-agent zokuqhawula. I-cyanide, ngendlela yegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, ikhutshwe kwisisombululo kwaye inokubuyiselwa okanye iphathwe ngakumbi. Amanzi ahlanjululweyo angaphinda ahlaziywe abuyele kwinqanaba lokuhlamba, elinceda ekulawuleni ukulingana kwamanzi.

eziluncedo

• Ukufunyanwa kweZixhobo : Le nkqubo ivumela ukufunyanwa kwe-cyanide, enokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kwinkqubo yokukhuhla, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide iyonke emgodini.

• Ulawulo lwaManzi : Ngokusebenzisa kwakhona amanzi asusiweyo, kunceda ekulawuleni ibhalansi yamanzi ekusebenzeni kwemigodi, kunciphisa isidingo sokusela amanzi amatsha kwaye kuncitshiswe ukukhutshelwa kwamanzi amdaka.

• Ukusetyenziswa kweZiseko ezikhoyo : Inkqubo ye-WPS ingasebenzisa iziseko zezityalo ezikhoyo ezifana neziqinisi kunye namachibi amanzi okucoca, okunciphisa isidingo sotyalo-mali olukhulu.

nezingeloncedo

• Ubunzima bokusebenza : Le nkqubo ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi kwaye ifuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwemida efana nokusebenza kakuhle kokuhlamba, izinga lokukhuhla, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi.

• Ukusebenza kakuhle kweCyanide Recovery : Ukusebenza kakuhle kweCyanide Recovery kunokuchaphazeleka zizinto ezifana noxinzelelo lokuqala lwe-cyanide kwiintsiba, umgangatho wemisebenzi yokuhlamba nokususa inkunkuma, kunye nokubakho kwezinye izinto eziphazamisayo.

• Iingxaki zevumba nokhuseleko : Inkqubo yokususa ivumba inokukhupha igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, enevumba elibi kwaye inetyhefu kakhulu. Kufuneka kubekho amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo ukuthintela ukuvuza kwegesi nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.

Into yokuphonononga

Inkampani yemigodi yegolide iphumeze inkqubo yeWPS. Ngokufakela ngokutsha izixhobo ezityebileyo esele zikho ukuze zihlanjwe ngcono kunye nokwakha ichibi eligqunyiweyo lokuhluba icyanide, bakwazile ukufikelela kwiqondo lokubuyisela icyanide ukuya kuma-70%. I-cyanide efunyenweyo yaphinda yarisayikilishwa ngempumelelo yabuyela kwisekethe ye-leaching, inciphisa iindleko zabo zokuthenga i-cyanide ngesixa esibalulekileyo.

isiphelo

Ukususwa kwe-cyanide kwiintsalela zegolide kubalulekile kukhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nezenzo ezizinzileyo zemigodi. Nganye yeenkqubo zokususa i-cyanide ezixutyushwayo, kubandakanywa ne-alkaline chlorination, inkqubo ye-INCO, unyango lwe-biological, kunye nenkqubo ye-WPS, ineenzuzo zayo ezizodwa kunye nokungonakali. Ukukhethwa kweyona nkqubo ifanelekileyo ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokugxininiswa kokuqala kwe-cyanide kwi-tailings, ukubunjwa kwee-tailings, isiseko esikhoyo, kunye neendleko - uhlalutyo lwenzuzo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, indibaniselwano yezi nkqubo ingafuneka ukuze kuphunyezwe ukususwa kwecyanide okusebenzayo kunye neendleko. Njengoko ishishini lezimayini liqhubeka nokujongana nokunyuka kokuphononongwa kokusingqongileyo, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bokususwa kwe-cyanide luya kubaluleka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikamva elicocekileyo nelizinzileyo.