Ngaba uyazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide?

Sodium i-cyanide, kunye ne-chemical formula ye-NaCN, i-compound efumene ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kusetyenziso oluneenkalo ezininzi ze Isodium cyanide kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.

1. Icandelo lezemigodi

Ukutsalwa kwegolide kunye neSilivere

Enye yezona ziyaziwa kakhulu izicelo of Isodium cyanide kukumbiwa kwegolide nesilivere kumatye anqabileyo abo. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation, ixhomekeke kwisakhono se-cyanide ion ukwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo ezinegolide nesilivere. Phambi kweoksijini kunye namanzi, isinyithi segolide sifumana i-oxidation kwaye sichithwa kwisisombululo se-cyanide, okubangelwa ukubunjwa kwegolide - i-cyanide complex. Le ndlela isebenza kakhulu kwaye ibingumgangatho wemigodi yegolide nesilivere iminyaka emininzi. Ivumela ukufunyanwa kwakhona kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ukusuka kwi-ore yomgangatho ophantsi, onokuthi ungabi nampumelelo yezoqoqosho ukusetyenzwa kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela. Umzekelo, kwimigodi yegolide emhlabeni jikelele, sodium cyanide isetyenziswa ngobuninzi ukukhupha igolide. Kweminye imigodi yaseAfrika neyoMzantsi Merika, amawaka eetoni zentsimbi ekrwada anyangwa ngomxube wecyanide mihla le ukuze kufunyanwe igolide encinane.

Okunye Ukwenziwa Kwesinyithi

Isodium cyanide ikwasetyenziswa ekwahluleni nasekucocweni ezinye iintsimbi ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, kunye nenickel. Ngexesha lezi nkqubo, i-cyanide inokukhetha ngokuzibophelela ngeentsimbi ezithile, evumela ukuba zihlukane nokungcola okanye ezinye izinyithi kwi-ore. Ngokomzekelo, kubhedu - Umzi mveliso, i-cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula ubhedu kwezinye iintsimbi ezihambelanayo kumzimba we-ore. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokulungelelanisa i-pH kunye nokugxininiswa kwesisombululo se-cyanide ekujoliswe kuyo kwintsimbi ethile - i-cyanide complex formations.

2. Ukuchongwa kombane

Kwi I-Electroplating ishishini, i-sodium cyanide yinxalenye ephambili kwindawo yokuhlambela. Iququzelela ukubekwa kweentsimbi ezifana nobhedu, isilivere, i-cadmium, kunye ne-zinc kwii-substrates ezahlukeneyo. I-Cyanide ion kwisisombululo se-plating isebenza njengee-agent eziyinkimbinkimbi. Benza ii-complexes ngee-ion zetsimbi, ezinceda ekulawuleni izinga lokufakwa kwesinyithi. Ngenxa yoko, i-coat yentsimbi ehambelanayo kunye neyokubambelelayo ifumaneka kumphezulu wento efakwe kuyo. Ngokomzekelo, ekuveliseni ubucwebe obuphezulu, i-electroplating ngesilivere okanye igolide ihlala ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide-based based plating solutions. Ubukho be-sodium cyanide buqinisekisa ukuba isinyithi esixabisekileyo sifakwe ngokulinganayo, ukunika ubucwebe ukugqiba okugudileyo kunye nokukhazimulayo. Kwishishini leemoto, iinxalenye ezinje ngee-bumpers kunye ne-decorative trim zihlala zi-electroplated kusetyenziswa i-cyanide-equlethe izisombululo zokuphucula inkangeleko yazo kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa.

3. Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali

Ukuveliswa kwezinto eziphilayo

I-sodium cyanide i-reagent ebalulekileyo kwi-organic synthesis. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwazisa iqela lecyano (-CN) kwiimolekyuli eziphilayo. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekudityanisweni kwezinto ezininzi eziphilayo, kuquka i-nitriles, eziyibhloko zokwakha eziguquguqukayo kwi-organic chemistry. Ngokomzekelo, kwimveliso ye-acrylonitrile, esetyenziselwa ukwenza iifayili zokwenziwa ezifana ne-acrylic kunye ne-modacrylic, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziswa kwelinye lamanyathelo okuphendula. Ukusabela phakathi kwe-organic halide efanelekileyo kunye ne-sodium cyanide kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-nitrile ngokusebenzisa i-nucleophilic substitution reaction.

I-Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals

Kwishishini lamachiza, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwamachiza amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, ibandakanyeka ekuveliseni amayeza athile okubulala iintsholongwane, iivithamin namayeza alwa nokudumba. Kwi-synthesis ye-vitamin B12. I-cyanide isetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kweekhompawundi eziphambili eziphakathi. Kwintsimi ye-agrochemical, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kunye ne-herbicides. Amanye amayeza okubulala izinambuzane kunye nemichiza yokungunda anezakhiwo eziphuma kwiintshukumo ezibandakanya isodium cyanide. Le michiza inceda ekukhuseleni izityalo kwizitshabalalisi nakwizifo, ngaloo ndlela yandisa imveliso yezolimo.

4. Ezinye iZicelo

Ulawulo lweempuku

Ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obugqithisileyo, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswe njenge-rodenticide. Ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula iimpuku, iimpuku kunye nezinye iimpuku. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kulo mxholo kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yemingcipheko enokuthi ibeke kwiintlobo ezingajoliswanga kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kwezinye iindawo apho uhlaselo lweempuku lubukhali kwaye ezinye iindlela zokulawula zingqineke zingasebenzi, izithiyelo ezisekwe kwisodium cyanide zinokusetyenziswa phantsi kweliso elibukhali. Iimpuku zidla isithiyelo, kwaye i-cyanide ikhawuleza isebenze kwiinkqubo zabo zemithambo-luvo, ekhokelela ekufeni.

Ukucocwa kweNsimbi kunye nokuPholisha

I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukucoca isinyithi kunye nemisebenzi yokupolisha. Inceda ekususeni iioksidi kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umphezulu kwisinyithi. Kwimeko yesinyithi esithile, i-cyanide inokusabela kunye nokungcola okungaphezulu, yenze iikhompleksi ezinyibilikayo ezinokukhukuliseka ngokulula. Le nkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseleleni iindawo zetsimbi zokuqhubela phambili, ezifana nokupeyinta okanye ukudibanisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini le-aerospace, ngaphambi kokuba amacandelo athile esinyithi apeyintwe okanye adityaniswe kunye, anokuphathwa ngezisombululo ezine-sodium cyanide ukuqinisekisa indawo ecocekileyo negudileyo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide, nangona inetyhefu, inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukususela ekutsalweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo emigodini ukuya ekudityanisweni kwamayeza abalulekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwawo kuyahluka kwaye kubalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobume bayo obunobungozi, ukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemithetho yokusingqongileyo ikhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kwayo ngokufanelekileyo, ukugcinwa kunye nokulahlwa kwayo.