Indima ye-Ammonium Sulfate ekuLungiseni iziMbiwa

intshayelelo

Ukusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekutsalweni kweeminerali ezixabisekileyo kwintsimbi ekrwada. Phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, Ukuhamba yenye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kule nkqubo, I-ammonium sulfate idlala indima ebalulekileyo, inegalelo ekwahlulweni okusebenzayo kunye nokufunyanwa kwakhona kwezimbiwa. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga imisebenzi emininzi ye-ammonium sulfate kwi Ukulungiswa kwezimbiwa, ukuphonononga kwiindlela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

Iipropati ze-Ammonium Sulfate

I-Ammonium sulfate yinto eqinileyo eyikristale emhlophe. Ichithwa ngokulula emanzini, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwizicelo zayo ekuqhutyweni kwamaminerali. Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, i-compound inokwakheka kweekhemikhali ezizinzileyo. Kodwa xa ingeniswe kwindawo yokusetyenzwa kweeminerali, inokuthatha inxaxheba kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zemichiza.

Imisebenzi kwiFlotation

NjengoMqokeleli wokukhuthaza

Kwinkqubo ye-flotation, abaqokeleli zizinto ezinamathele ngokukhethiweyo kumphezulu weeminerali ezijoliswe kuyo, zibenza zibe yi-hydrophobic kwaye zibenze bahlulwe ngokujikeleza kwe-froth. I-Ammonium sulfate inokuphucula intsebenziswano phakathi kwabaqokeleli kunye neeminerali. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-flotation yamaminerali athile e-sulfide, i-ammonium sulfate inokusabela kunye ne-mineral surface, iguqule iikhemikhali zayo. Olu hlengahlengiso lukhuthaza ukunyuswa kwabaqokeleli, njenge-xanthates, kwi-mineral surface. Iiyoni ngaphakathi kwe-ammonium sulfate zinokusebenzisana ne-ion zetsimbi kumphezulu wamaminerali, zenze ii-complexes okanye zitshintshe umrhumo womphezulu. Olu tshintsho kwiipropati zomhlaba lukwandisa ubudlelwane phakathi komqokeleli kunye neeminerali, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhlukana kwamaminerali.

NjengoMlungelelanisi we-pH

Ixabiso le-pH le-pulp ye-flotation yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukuziphatha kwe-flotation yezimbiwa. I-Ammonium sulfate inokusebenza njengesilungisi se-pH kwezinye iimeko. Xa inyibilika emanzini, iammonium sulfate idlula kwinkqubo yemichiza ekhupha iiion zehydrogen, ethi ikhuphe iasidi kancinane kwintlama. Ekuphaphameni kwezinye iiminerali, ezifana neeminerali zeoksidi, uluhlu oluthile lwe-pH luyafuneka ukuze kuhambe kugqibelele. Ngokulungelelanisa i-pH nge-ammonium sulfate, iipropati ezingaphezulu zamaminerali zingatshintshwa. Ngokomzekelo, ekujikelezeni kwezinye iiminerali ze-copper oxide, indawo ene-acidic eyenziwe yi-ammonium sulfate inokuphucula ukusebenza kwendawo yamaminerali, iyenze yamkeleke ngakumbi kwisenzo sabaqokeleli kwaye ngaloo ndlela iphucule ukubuyiswa kwe-flotation.

NjengeNgxowa-mali Yokudandatheka

Kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ze-ore apho kukho iiminerali ezininzi, i-depressants isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukujikeleza kweeminerali ezingafunwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezithomalalisi kunokukhokelela ekucuthekeni kweeminerali ekujoliswe kuzo ngokunjalo. I-Ammonium sulfate inokudlala indima ekuchaseni umphumo ogqithiseleyo wokudakumba. Umzekelo, kwi-flotation yelothe - i-ores ye-zinc, ukuba isixa esigqithisileyo sokudakumba kongezwa ukunqanda izimbiwa ze-zinc, kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwi-flotation ye-lead minerals. I-Ammonium sulfate inokunxibelelana ne-depressant egqithisileyo okanye iimveliso zayo zokusabela kwi-pulp. Inokuphazamisa ukubunjwa kweefilimu ezinqandayo kumphezulu wamaminerali ekujoliswe kuwo okanye ukunciphisa i-adsorption of depressants kwi-target minerals, ngaloo ndlela ibuyisela ukujikeleza kweeminerali ezijoliswe kuyo.

Kwi-Oxide Mineral Flotation

1. Iiminerali ze-Copper oxide: Iiminerali ze-Copper oxide zihlala zinzima kakhulu ukudada xa kuthelekiswa neeminerali zobhedu lwesulfide. I-ammonium sulfate ingasetyenziswa ekujikelezeni kweeminerali ze-copper oxide ngeendlela ezininzi. Okokuqala, inokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo ne-agent ye-sulfiding, njenge-sodium sulfide. I-Ammonium sulfate inceda kwinkqubo ye-sulfidation ngokukhuthaza ukusabela phakathi kwe-agent ye-sulfiding kunye ne-copper oxide mineral surface. Yandisa ukunyibilika kwezinye iiyoni zetsimbi kumphezulu wezimbiwa, iququzelela ukubunjwa komaleko wesulfide esebenzayo. Le sulfide-igqunywe phezulu ibanjwa ngokulula ngabaqokeleli njenge xanthates. Okwesibini, i-ammonium sulfate inokwenza ngokuthe ngqo i-copper oxide mineral surface. Iionni ngaphakathi kwe-ammonium sulfate inokunxibelelana nomphezulu weeminerali ze-copper oxide, ukuguqula umrhumo womphezulu kunye nokuphucula i-adsorption yabaqokeleli. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-flotation ye-malachite, enye ye-copper oxide minerals eqhelekileyo, ukongezwa kwe-ammonium sulfate kuboniswe ukuphucula ukubuyiswa kwe-flotation kakhulu.

2. Lead oxide Minerals: Ngokufana neeminerali ze-copper oxide, iiminerali ze-lead oxide nazo zifuna unyango oluthile lokujikeleza okusebenzayo. I-ammonium sulfate ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukujikeleza kweeminerali ze-lead oxide. Kwinkqubo ye-pre-sulfidation ye-lead oxide minerals, i-ammonium sulfate inokunyusa umphumo we-sulfidation. Inceda ekubunjweni kwefilimu ye-sulfide efanayo kunye ne-reactive kwi-mineral surface. Ukongezelela, i-ammonium sulfate inokulungelelanisa i-pulp chemistry ngendlela ekhuthaza ukubhengezwa kwabaqokeleli kwi-lead oxide mineral surface. Ngokulungisa inani le-ammonium sulfate eyongeziweyo, ukukhethwa kunye nokubuyiselwa kweeminerali ze-lead oxide kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kunokuphuculwa.

Kwi-Sulfida Mineral Flotation

1. IPyrite Flotation: I-Pyrite iyiminerali ye-sulfide eqhelekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ngexesha lokujikeleza kweeminerali ze-sulfide ezixabisekileyo, i-pyrite inokudada kunye nabo, enokunciphisa ibakala lokugxila kokugqibela. I-Ammonium sulfate ingasetyenziselwa ukucinezela ngokukhethiweyo ipyrite. Xa ifakwe kwi-pulp ye-flotation, i-ammonium sulfate inokusebenzisana nomphezulu we-pyrite. Iyakwazi ukwenza umaleko kwi-pyrite surface evimbela i-adsorption yabaqokeleli kwi-pyrite, ngelixa ingachaphazeli kakhulu ukujikeleza kweeminerali ze-sulfide ezixabisekileyo. Olu xinzelelo lukhethiweyo lwepyrite lunceda ekufumaneni ugxininiso oluphezulu lweeminerali ezifunwayo.

2. Ubhedu-Zinc Sulfidi Ore Flotation: Kwi-flotation yobhedu - i-zinc sulfide ores, ukwahlula i-copper kunye ne-zinc minerals ngumsebenzi onzima. I-Ammonium sulfate ingasetyenziselwa ukunyenyisa indlela yokuziphatha kokudada kwezi minerali. Umzekelo, ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iiminerali zethusi zisebenze ngelixa ucinezela amaminerali e-zinc phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ngokulawula ngononophelo umthamo we-ammonium sulfate kunye nezinye ii-reagents ze-flotation, kunye ne-pulp pH, kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa ukwahlukana okungcono kobhedu kunye ne-zinc minerals, ukuphucula ukubuyiswa kunye nebakala zombini i-copper kunye ne-zinc concentrates.

case Studies

1. Umgodi weCopper eMzantsi Melika: Kumsebenzi womgodi wobhedu eMzantsi Melika, intsimbi ekrwada iqulethe isixa esibalulekileyo sezimbiwa zecopper oxide. Inkqubo yesiNtu yokuzulazula ibe namazinga aphantsi okubuyisela. Emva kokuzisa i-ammonium sulfate kwinkqubo yokujikeleza, ukubuyiswa kobhedu kwanda nge-10 - 15%. Abasebenzi basemgodini bahlengahlengise idosi ye-ammonium sulfate ngokweempawu zentsimbi ekrwada. Ngokulungisa ukudibanisa i-ammonium sulfate kunye nezinye i-reagents ezifana ne-sodium sulfide kunye nabaqokeleli, baye bakwazi ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-flotation, okubangelwa ukuveliswa kobhedu okuphezulu kunye nokwanda kweenzuzo zoqoqosho.

2. Inkokeli-umgodi weZinc eOstreliya: Kwimigodi ye-zinc yase-Australia, i-ore yayintsonkothile, kwaye ukwahlula iiminerali zelothe kunye ne-zinc kwakunzima. Inkqubo yokuqala ye-flotation ijongene neengxaki ezifana nokubuyiswa kwesikhokelo esiphantsi kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-zinc kwi-concentrate ye-lead. Emva kokwenza uphando olubanzi, umgodi wazisa i-ammonium sulfate kwisekethe ye-flotation. Ngokusebenzisa i-ammonium sulfate ukuchasana nesiphumo sokudakumba ngokugqithiseleyo kwezinye ii-reagents kwiminerali ekhokelayo kunye nokulungelelanisa i-pulp chemistry, bakwazi ukunyusa ukubuyiswa kwesikhokelo nge-8 - 12% kunye nokunciphisa umxholo we-zinc kwi-concentrate ye-lead nge-5 - 8%. Olu phuculo lwendlela yokusebenza lukhokelele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwengeniso yomgodi.

isiphelo

I-Ammonium sulfate idlala indima ebalulekileyo neguquguqukayo ekusetyenzweni kwezimbiwa, ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokudada. Imisebenzi yayo njenge-a Umkhuthazi woqokeleli, i-pH adjuster, kunye ne-depressant suppressant igalelo ekuhlukaneni ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokubuyiswa kweeminerali ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba ikwi-flotation yeeminerali ze-oxide okanye iiminerali ze-sulfide, i-ammonium sulfate inokulungiswa ukuze ihambelane neempawu ezithile ze-ore kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yokudada. Ngeemeko zophononongo, kuyabonakala ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngendlela eyiyo kwe-ammonium sulfate kunokukhokelela ekuphuculweni okubonakalayo kokusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa ngokufanelekileyo, amazinga okubuyisela, kunye namabakala okugxila, ekugqibeleni kuzisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho kwishishini lezimayini. Njengoko ishishini lemigodi liqhubeka nokufuna iindlela ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo zokusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa, i-ammonium sulfate kusenokwenzeka ukuba idlale indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.