Isetshenziswa kanjani iSodium cyanide ezimayini zegolide?

Sodium i-cyanide (NaCN), njenge-reagent eyinhloko ye Ukukhishwa Kwegolide, uyaqaphela ukuguqulwa kusuka ore kuya igolide ngokusebenzisa I-Cyanidation indlela ku Izimayini zegolide. Le nqubo ihilela ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokulawula inqubo eqinile. Okulandelayo yizinyathelo ezithile zokusetshenziswa kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe ebalulekile:

IGold Cyanidation Process

I. Ore Pretreatment

1.Ukuchoboza nokugaya

I-ore iyachotshozwa bese igaywa ibe yimpuphu ecolekileyo (ngokuvamile enobukhulu bezinhlayiya ≤ 75μm) ukuze kwandiswe indawo yokuxhumana nesisombululo se -Sodium Cyanide.

2.I-Flotation noma i-Gravity Concentration

I-ore yezinga eliphansi idinga ukugxiliswa kusengaphambili kumaminerali egolide ngokusebenzisa ukuntanta noma ukugxiliswa kwamandla adonsela phansi ukuze kwehliswe inani le-ore lokwelashwa okulandelayo kwe-cyanidation.

II. I-Cyanidation Leaching Reaction

1.Leaching Conditions

• Ukulungiswa Kwesixazululo: Ncibilikisa i-sodium cyanide emanzini ukuze wakhe isisombululo esincibilikisiwe esinokuhlushwa okungu-0.01%-0.1% (ukuhlushwa okuthile kuncike ebangeni le-ore).

• Indawo Ene-Alkaline: Engeza i-calcium oxide (CaO) noma i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ukuze ulungise i-pH ibe ngu-10-11 ukuze uvimbele ukubola kwe-cyanide ibe yigesi enobuthi kakhulu ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN).

• Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-Oksijini: Gcina ukuhlushwa kwe-oksijini encibilikisiwe esixazululweni (ngokuvamile > 5 mg/L) ngokufaka umoya noma ngokuxubha ukuze kuqhutshwe ukusabela kwe-oxidation.

2.Ukusabela Kwekhemikhali

Igolide lihlangana ne-cyanide endaweni ye-alkaline kanye ne-aerobic ukwakha izakhiwo ezincibilikayo:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ (sodium aurocyanide) + 4NaOH

Lokhu kusabela kudinga ukuhlala amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igolide lincibilike ngokuphelele.

III. Imvula kanye Nokutholwa Kwegolide

1.I-Zinc Replacement Method

Engeza impushana ye-zinc noma ucingo lwe-zinc esixazululweni se-leaching, futhi igolide liyancishiswa ngokusabela okushintshwayo:

2Au(CN)₂⁻ + Zn → 2Au↓ + Zn(CN)₄²⁻

Impushana yegolide ekhiqiziwe iyagezwa futhi incibilikiswe ukuze kutholakale igolide elingahluziwe.

2.Indlela Ye-Carbon Adsorption Esebenzayo

Kwesinye isixazululo, ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingakhangisa i-Au(CN)₂⁻ ngokukhetha esixazululweni, bese igolide litholwa ngokususwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

IV. Ukwelashwa Kwezinsalela Nokulawula Ukuphepha

1.Ukungathathi hlangothi kweCyanide

I-pulp ye-tailings ngemva kokucwiliswa idinga uku-oxidize i-cyanide esele ngokungeza i-sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) noma i-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂):

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Okokugcina, yehlisa ukugxila kwe-cyanide kuye ezingeni lokuphepha kwemvelo (imvamisa ingaphansi kuka-0.5 mg/L).

2.I-Closed-loop Circulation System

Yamukela inqubo evaliwe yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisombululo se-cyanide, futhi izinga lokuphinda lisetshenziswe kwamanye amabhizinisi lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%.

V. Ubunzima Bezobuchwepheshe Neziqondiso Zokuthuthukisa

1.Ukugxambukela Kokungcola

Ama-ion ensimbi njengethusi nensimbi azodla i-cyanide. Ukwelashwa kusengaphambili (njengokugazinga ukuze kukhishwe i-desulfurization) noma ukungezwa kwama-inhibitors (njenge-sodium sulfide) kuyadingeka ukuze kwehliswe umthelela.

2.Ukwelashwa Kwezinsimbi Ezisezingeni Eliphansi

Ukuze uthole igolide elisatshalaliswe kahle nelivalekile, i-biological pre-oxidation (efana ne-bacterial leaching) noma ubuchwepheshe be-pressure oxidation iyamukelwa ukuze kuphulwe isakhiwo samaminerali futhi kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuvuza kwegolide.

3.Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Zokuvikela Imvelo

Yakha ama-ejenti akhipha i-cyanide aphansi noma angenayo i-cyanide (njenge-thiosulfate), futhi uhlole izinqubo zokutakula ezintsha ezifana ne-electrochemical deposition.

Isiphetho

Ukusetshenziswa kwe -Sodium cyanide ekumbeni igolide kuncike ekulawulweni kwenqubo okunembile kanye nokuphathwa okuqinile kokuphepha. Nakuba ubuthi bayo bubangele impikiswano, ukusebenza kwayo kahle kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho kusayenza ibe ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokuvikela imvelo, indlela ye-cyanidation izothuthuka ngokubambisana nobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, ikhuthaze ukuguqulwa kokumbeni igolide kube yindlela ephephile nehlala isikhathi eside.