Inqubo Eyinhloko Ye-Agitation Cyanidation Leaching Ezimayini Zegolide

Isingeniso

I-Cyanidation leaching, ebilokhu isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kusukela ngo-1887, iyinqubo Yokuhlanzwa Kwamaminerali esebenzisa izixazululo ze-Cyanide njengezinto zokukhipha igolide nesiliva ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zamaminerali zegolide nesiliva. I-Agitation cyanidation leaching ingenye yezindlela ezibalulekile ekuhlanzweni kwe-cyanidation, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezimayini zegolide.

Isimiso Sokuguquguquka Kwe-Cyanidation Leaching

I-Cyanide, njenge -Sodium Cyanide (NaCN), iyi-reagent ebalulekile enqubweni ye-cyanidation. I-Sodium cyanide iyikristalu engenambala futhi esobala, evame ukuba phuzi ngokumpunga ngenxa yokungcola. Incibilika kakhulu emanzini, futhi incibilika emanzini angaphezu kuka-20%. Uma i-pH yesisombululo sayo samanzi iqiniswa ibe yi-pH = 7, i-cyanide cishe ibola ngokuphelele ibe yigesi ye-hydrogen cyanide eguquguqukayo, okuyigesi engenambala futhi enobuthi kakhulu. Esixazululweni, i-hydrogen cyanide iyi-asidi ebuthakathaka, okunzima ukuyi-ionisa, futhi ayinawo umphumela wokukhipha igolide nesiliva. Uma inani le-pH lingu-12, i-cyanide esixazululweni cishe ihlukana ngokuphelele ibe yi-ion ye-cyanide. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi we-cyanidation kumele wenziwe endaweni ye-alkaline.

Ngokuvamile, lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo, i-cyanidation leaching yegolide iyinqubo yokugqwala kwe-electrochemical. I-Cyanide iphendula negolide endaweni ene-alkaline ngokubamba iqhaza komoyampilo, yenze izingxube zegolide ze-cyanide ezincibilika emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele ukuncibilika kwegolide etsheni.

Inqubo Ye-Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

1. Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Ezivuzayo

• Ukuchoboza : I-ore yegolide eluhlaza egayiwe ifakwa kuqala kumshini wokuchoboza ukuze ichoboze. Inqubo yokuchoboza ihlukaniswe ngokuchoboza okukhulu, ukuchoboza okuphakathi, kanye nokuchoboza okuncane. Ama-jaw crushers nama-cone crushers avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchoboza okukhulu nokuphakathi, ikakhulukazi ukuphula izingcezu ezinkulu ze-ore zibe izinhlayiya ezincane, ngokuvamile ngobukhulu bezinhlayiya obulawulwa ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Ama-hammer crushers asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuchobozeni okuncane.

• Ukugaya : I-ore echotshoziwe ingena emshinini wokugaya ibhola ukuze igaywe ngokwengeziwe ibe usayizi wezinhlayiya ezifanele. Ngokuvamile, kuyadingeka ukuthi usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-ore ufinyelele ku--200 mesh engaba ngu-60% - 90%, ukuze amaminerali egolide ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, izigayo zebhola zohlobo lwe-lattice zisetshenziselwa ukugaya okuqinile, kanti izigayo zebhola zohlobo lwe-overflow zisetshenziselwa ukugaya okuncane.

• Ukulungiswa Kodaka : I-pulp ye-ore egayiwe ingena ethangini elixubayo. Inani elifanele lamanzi liyangezwa ukulungisa ukugcwala kwe-ore pulp, ngokuvamile kulawulwa ku-30% - 50%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izilungisi ezifana ne-lime ziyangezwa ukulungisa inani le-pH ye-ore pulp ibe ngu-10 - 11. Okudala indawo ene-alkaline evumela ukugeleza kwe-cyanidation nokuvimbela ukuncibilika kokunye ukungcola.

2. I-Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

• Ukwengezwa kwe-Leaching Reagent : Izinto ezisetshenziswa yi-Cyanide njenge- sodium cyanide (NaCN) noma i-potassium cyanide (KCN) zengezwa ku-pulp ye-ore elungisiwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezigcwele zokuxubha, i-cyanide isabela ngamakhemikhali negolide ukuze yakhe ama-complex e-gold cyanide ancibilikayo emanzini.

• Imishini Yokukhipha Ukungcola : Inqubo yokukhipha ukungcola ivame ukwenziwa emathangini amaningi okuvuselela axhunywe ochungechungeni. Amathangi okuvuselela angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezintathu ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokuxuba: amathangi okuvuselela umoya acindezelwe, amathangi okuvuselela oomatshini, noma amathangi okuvuselela ahlanganisiwe.

• Izimo Zokuvuza : Ukuhlushwa kwe- Sodium cyanide ku-pulp ye-ore kuvame ukuba ngu-0.02% - 0.1%. I-lime iyengezwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze kwenziwe i-pulp ye-ore pH = 9 - 12. Umoya ugcwaliswa ukuze kugcinwe isilinganiso esihle kakhulu phakathi kokuhlushwa kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide ku-pulp ye-ore. Isikhathi sokuvuza ngokuvamile singamahora angu-24 - 48 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igolide lincibilikisiwe ngokuphelele.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa Okuqinile Nokugeza

• Ukuhlukaniswa Koketshezi Oluqinile : Ngemva kokukhucululwa, i-pulp ye-ore ihlukaniswa ngoketshezi oluqinile ngemishini efana nezihlungi nezihlungi ukuze kutholakale isisombululo esikhulelwe esiphethe igolide kanye nezinsalela zokukhucululwa. Izihlungi zisebenzisa isimiso se-gravitational sedimentation ukwenza izinhlayiya eziqinile ku-pulp ye-ore zihlale phansi, kanti i-supernatant iyisisombululo esikhulelwe esiphethe igolide. Izihlungi zihlunga kakhulu ukugeleza kwamanzi kwe-thickener ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile.

• Ukugeza : Ukuze kutholakale ukuhlukaniswa okwanele phakathi kwe-cyanide leachate kanye ne-leach residue, inqubo yokugeza yezigaba ezi-3 - 5 zokujiya, ukuhlunga, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ivame ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuhlanza i-cyanidation. Indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yindlela yokuhlanza i-continuous countercurrent (indlela ye-CCD). Ama-thickeners asetshenziswa kule ndlela angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezinezingqimba ezimbili kanye nezingqimba eziningi. Ama-concentrator amaningi e-cyanidation eShayina asebenzisa ama-thickeners anezingqimba ezimbili kuya kwezi-3 ukuze ahlukanise uketshezi oluqinile kanye nokugeza i-countercurrent okuqhubekayo.

4. Ukubuyiswa Kwegolide

• Indlela Yokususa Impuphu Yezinki : Impuphu yezinki ingezwa esixazululweni esikhulelwe esiphethe igolide. I-zinc isabela ne-gold cyanide complex ngendlela yokushintshashintsha, yehlisa igolide ibe yigolide lensimbi bese iyithela. Ngemva kokuhlunga, kutholakala udaka lwegolide, bese udaka lwegolide luncibilikiswa ngezinqubo ezifana nokuncibilika ukuze kutholakale igolide elingacwengekile.

• Indlela Yokumunca Ikhabhoni Esebenzayo : Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingezwa esixazululweni esikhulelwe esinegolide, bese i-gold cyanide complex imuncwa yikhabhoni esebenzayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, igolide litholakala kukhabhoni esebenzayo ngezinqubo ezifana nokumunca kanye nokuwina nge-electro. Le ndlela ingahlukaniswa kabanzi ibe yindlela ye-carbon-in-pulp (CIP) kanye nendlela ye-carbon-in-leach (CIL).

• Inqubo ye-CIP : Okokuqala, kwenziwa i-cyanidation leaching, bese kufakwa i-activated carbon ku-pulp ye-ore ukuze imunce igolide. Enqubweni ye-CIP, i-leaching kanye ne-adsorption kuyimisebenzi emibili ezimele. Emsebenzini we-adsorption, inqubo ye-leaching isiqediwe, futhi usayizi, ubuningi, kanye nezimo zokusebenza zamathangi e-adsorption kunqunywa yimingcele ye-adsorption.

• Inqubo ye-CIL : Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingezwa ethangini lokukhipha amanzi, futhi ukukhipha amanzi kanye nokumunca kwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye, okungukuthi, ukukhipha amanzi kanye nokumunca kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye. Enqubweni ye-CIL, imisebenzi yokukhipha amanzi kanye nokumunca yenziwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kokukhipha amanzi kudinga isikhathi eside kunokusebenza kokukhipha amanzi. Ngakho-ke, usayizi, umoya, kanye nomthamo wethangi kunqunywa yimingcele yokukhipha amanzi. Njengoba izinga lokukhipha amanzi liwumsebenzi wokuhlushwa kwegolide elincibilikisiwe esixazululweni, ukuze kwandiswe ukuhlushwa kwegolide elincibilikisiwe emathangini okukhipha amanzi angaphambili futhi ngasikhathi sinye kwandiswe isikhathi sokukhipha amanzi, izigaba ezi-1 - 2 zokukhipha amanzi ngaphambi kokukhipha amanzi zivame ukungezwa ngaphambi kokukhipha amanzi kanye nokumunca.

5. Ukwelashwa Kwama-Tailings

Ama-tailings ngemva kwe-Gold Recovery avame ukuqukatha inani elithile le-cyanide esele kanye nokunye ukungcola. Ngezidingo zokuvikela imvelo, ama-tailings adinga ukuphathwa kahle. Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zifaka phakathi izindlela zokuxilisa ngamakhemikhali (njenge-sulfur dioxide - indlela yomoya), ukubola kwemvelo, noma izindlela zokubola kwezinto eziphilayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukugcwala kwe-cyanide esele ibe ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sikazwelonke nokuvimbela ukungcola kwemvelo. Ama-tailings aphathwe angalahlwa ngokubeka noma ngezinye izindlela ezifanele.

Isiphetho

Ukukhuhla i-cyanidation leaching kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwegolide kuma-ore egolide. Ngochungechunge lwezinqubo ezifana nokulungiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhuhla i-agitation leaching, ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile, ukubuyiselwa kwegolide, kanye nokwelashwa kwe-tailings, igolide lingakhishwa ngempumelelo kuma-ore egolide. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide, enkambisweni yokusebenzisa i-Agitation Cyanidation Leaching , kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kokuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ukuqinisekisa intuthuko esimeme yemboni yezimayini zegolide.