Ukusebenza kwe-Cyanidation kanye ne-Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) Izinqubo Zokukhipha Igolide

Ukukhishwa kwe-cyanidation ukuze kukhishwe igolide kuye kwamukelwa kabanzi ezimayini zegolide ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa kwayo kahle nezinsimbi ezahlukene, amakhono okukhiqiza igolide endaweni, kanye namazinga aphezulu okubuyisa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuhlolwa kwemvelo, izimayini ziphatha indle ngaphambi noma ngemva kokungena echibini ukuze zingaphumi nhlobo, noma zisebenzise ama-leaching agents angenayo i-cyanide noma i-cyanide ukuze zivikele imvelo yesifunda. Lesi sihloko sethula ukusebenza kwe-cyanidation kanye nenqubo ye -Carbon -in-pulp yokukhishwa kwegolide. Umgomo awukona nje ukuqonda izindlela zokukhishwa kwegolide kodwa futhi nokuqeda ukungcola nokuqhubekela phambili ekusungulweni kwezimayini ezinobungani nemvelo.

I-Cyanidation Yokukhishwa Kwegolide

Izici zokusebenza zifaka ukugxila kwe-cyanide nomoya-mpilo, izinga lokushisa, usayizi nokuma kwezinhlayiya zegolide ku-ore, ukugxila kwe-pulp, okuqukethwe kwe-slime, ifilimu engaphezulu yezinhlayiya zegolide, nesikhathi sokucwiliswa.

Uma ukugcwala kwe-cyanide kuphansi, ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide lincike ekugxilweni kwe -Cyanide . Uma ukugcwala kwe-cyanide kuphezulu, izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide linqunywa kuphela ngokugcwala komoya-mpilo. Ngokuvamile, ukugcwala kwe-cyanide kusukela ku-0.03% kuya ku-0.05%. Ukwengeza ama-oxidant athile, ukukhulula i-leaching, noma ukufaka i-oxygen ngqo kuthuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokukhulula i-leaching.

Isibonelo, isitshalo se-carbon-in-pulp sashintsha umoya safaka umoya-mpilo - igesi ecebile (ene-oxygen content engaphezu kuka-90%) futhi yawujova ethangini le-leaching. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga le-leaching lenyuke ngamaphesenti angu-0.89. I-concentrator yengeze i-acetate yomthofu engu-98% ngenani elingu-0.1 kg ngethani le-ore ethangini lokuqala lokuvuza. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga legolide lezinsalela lehla lisuka ku-0.218 g/t laya ku-0.209 g/t.

Izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide kusixazululo se-cyanide liyakhula ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa phakathi kuka-10°C no-20°C. Ngaphansi kuka-1.34°C, isixazululo siyacwebezela. Ngakho-ke, ebusika, ama-concentrator asenyakatho avame ukusebenzisa ama-blowtorches ukubhaka amapayipi avaliwe. Ngaphezu kuka-34.7°C, isixazululo siphenduka sibe uketshezi, futhi igesi ivamise ukuphunyuka. Ukuzinzisa nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamakhemikhali, inani elifanele le-alkali, elaziwa ngokuthi i-alkali evikelayo, ngokuvamile liyengezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusabela ekuqondeni kwe-hydrolysis ebuthakathaka.

Igolide elicwengekileyo linendawo enkulu esobala ngemva kokugaya futhi incibilika kalula nge-cyanidation. Ukwengeza, izinhlayiya zegolide ezisesimweni sama-flakes, ama-sphere amancane, nalezo ezinezimbotshana zangaphakathi kulula ukuncibilika. Uma ukugxilwa kwe-pulp kuphansi, i-viscosity incane, futhi amazinga okusabalalisa ama-ion e-cyanide nomoya-mpilo kusixazululo ebusweni bezinhlayiya zegolide aphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, igolide lincibilika ngokushesha, futhi izinga le-leaching liphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukugxila okuphansi kuzokhuphula umthamo we-pulp, okuholela ezidingweni ezinkulu zemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-reagent. Ukugxila kwe-pulp efanele kungu-40% - 50%. Lapho i-ore iqukethe inani elikhulu le-slime futhi inezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukugxila kufanele kulawulwe ku-20% - 30%.

Ukungcola kwakha amafilimu ahlukahlukene ebusweni bezinhlayiya zegolide, okuthinta ukucwiliswa kwegolide. Amaminerali ahlobene asabela ne-oxygen, i-cyanide, ne-alkali, avimbele ukucwiliswa kwegolide. Njengoba isikhathi se-leaching sikhula, izinga le-leaching likhuphukela kumkhawulo othize, kodwa-ke izinga liyehla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umthamo nosayizi wezinhlayiyana zegolide ziyancipha, ibanga eliphakathi kwe-cyanide, umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, nezingxube zegolide liyakhula, futhi ukunqwabelana kokungcola kwakha ifilimu eyingozi ekuphumeni. “I-jamming” ye-agitator ethangini le-leaching, okubangelwa ukugxila okuphezulu, ukucoleka okuphansi, ivolumu yomoya ephansi, nokucaciswa kwesakhiwo phakathi kwe-impeller ephansi nephansi yethangi, nakho kuthinta ukucwiliswa kwegolide. Ngemva kokuba amathangi eshabhu yokusebenzela i-cyanidation eminyene, abasebenzi bawuzungeza mathupha umshini futhi basebenzise izibhamu zamanzi anengcindezi ephezulu, izibhamu zomoya, nezinsimbi ezinde ukuze bavule amapayipi. Ekugcineni, kwatholakala ukuthi imvume phakathi kwe-impeller ephansi nephansi ye-tank yayiphindwe kane inani elivamile. Inkinga yaxazululwa ngemva kokulungiswa.

Inqubo ye-Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) Yokukhipha Igolide

Izici zokusebenza zifaka phakathi ukumuncwa kwe- Activated Carbon , ukumuncwa kanye ne-electrolysis, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-carbon.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ikhabhoni entsha, kuyadingeka “ukuzungeza imiphetho futhi ukhiphe imfucumfucu” ngokugaya kwangaphambili. Lapho uthenga ikhabhoni, kokubili umthamo we-adsorption namandla kufanele kuqinisekiswe. Ukuminyana kokupakisha kufanele kube ngu-0.50 kg/L - 0.55 kg/L, futhi usayizi wezinhlayiyana kufanele ube ojwayelekile futhi ofaniswayo, ngokuvamile u-6 - 12 mesh noma u-6 - 16 mesh. Okuqukethwe komlotha kanye nokuqukethwe kwezinhlayiya ezingaphansi akufanele kudlule u-3%. Esitshalweni se-carbon-in-pulp, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni eyimpuphu kuholele ekutheni izinga legolide loketshezi lomsila libe ngaphezu kokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-16 kunokujwayelekile, okuholele ekulahlekeni kwegolide. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhabhoni kwadingeka ishintshwe ngokuphelele.

Ukuminyana kwekhabhoni emathangeni e-adsorption kuyanda ku-gradient. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuguga kwe-carbon, ukukhipha njalo kunenzuzo ekubuyiseleni igolide. Isitshalo se-carbon-in-pulp sashintsha umjikelezo wokukhipha ikhabhoni kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kuzo zonke ezinye izinsuku, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwanda ngekota. Lapho ithangi lichichima futhi ikhabhoni iphela, igolide nakanjani lizolahleka. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuvaleka kwesikrini esigcina ikhabhoni. Imfucumfucu kufanele isuswe kusenesikhathi ngemva kokwahlukanisa kanye ne-hydrocyclone. Isikrini esiyicylindrical esivundlile sisetshenziswa njengesikrini esibamba ikhabhoni. Inkinga ingase futhi ixazululwe ngokunciphisa ukugxila kwe-pulp noma ukuminyana kwekhabhoni ephansi nokwandisa umthamo womoya wepayipi lomoya eduze kwesikrini.

Ukuvuza kwekhabhoni ethangini lokugcina le-adsorption akuthandeki kakhulu. Isikrini sokuphepha esingu-40-mesh ethangini lokuxuba i-tailings sisebenza njengendawo yokuhlola ebalulekile. Kufanele ihlolwe futhi igcinwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bayo. Ukunciphisa ukuguga kwekhabhoni, ukuguquguquka kwejubane eliphansi kuvame ukusetshenziswa.

Ukumunca kanye nokuhlanza nge-electrolysis kwenziwa ngesisombululo se-1% sodium hydroxide kanye ne -Sodium cyanide ngaphansi kwengcindezi engu-0.35 MPa - 0.39 MPa, okufinyelela ekumuncekeni ku-135°C - 160°C, okungaphezu kwephuzu lokubila lesisombululo. Izinga legolide le-carbon engenamafutha lingaphansi kuka-50 g/t. Njengamanje, ukumunca kanye ne-electrolysis engena-cyanide kusetshenziswa kabanzi.

Ukuvuselelwa kwekhabhoni, kuvame ukucwiliswa ku-3% - 5% i-dilute nitric acid noma i-hydrochloric acid ngehora elingu-0.5 - 1. Abasebenzi kufanele bawuxube ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemva kokuyikhipha ethangini, icwiliswa emanzini ukuze isuse isisombululo se-acid leaching. Bese, icwiliswa ku-1% sodium hydroxide ukuze inciphise i-asidi esele. Ekugcineni, igezwa nge-2 - 3 izikhathi zevolumu yombhede wekhabhoni.