Sodium cyanide vs. Ma'aikatan Leaching masu Abokan Muhalli: Nazarin Kwatancen

I. Gabatarwa

A fannin hakar zinare , zaɓin wakilin cire zinare yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin haƙar zinare. Sodium cyanide ya daɗe yana zama abin da ake amfani da shi wajen haƙar zinare saboda ingancinsa wajen narkar da zinare daga ma'adanai. Duk da haka, tare da ƙaruwar himma kan kare muhalli da ci gaba mai ɗorewa, sabbin nau'ikan wakilin cire zinare masu kyau ga muhalli sun fito a matsayin madadin. Wannan labarin yana da nufin kwatanta sodium cyanide da wakilan cire zinare daga muhalli gaba ɗaya daga fannoni da dama, gami da abubuwan da suka ƙunsa, saurin cire zinare , amfani , saurin murmurewa , tasirin muhalli, da buƙatun sufuri. Ta hanyar yin hakan, muna fatan samar da bayanai masu mahimmanci ga masana'antar haƙar zinare don yanke shawara mai zurfi game da zaɓin wakilin cire zinare.

II. Abun ciki

2.1 sodium cyanide

Sodium cyanide wani sinadari ne mai hade da dabara NaCN. Ya ƙunshi 98% tsantsa sodium cyanide. A matsayin mai karfi - tushe da rauni - gishiri acid, yana da halaye masu yawa. A zahiri, yana bayyana azaman daskararrun kristal, waɗanda ke da saurin lalacewa, ma'ana yana ɗaukar danshi daga iska. Har ila yau yana da almond mai ɗaci - kamar wari. A kimiyyance, yana da saurin amsawa. Yana hydrolyzes a cikin ruwa don samar da hydrogen cyanide (HCN) da sodium hydroxide, tare da bayani zama mai karfi alkaline. Sodium cyanide zai iya amsawa da nau'ikan karafa, kamar baƙin ƙarfe, zinc, nickel, jan ƙarfe, cobalt, azurfa, da cadmium, don samar da cyanide ƙarfe daidai. A gaban iskar oxygen, yana iya narkar da karafa masu daraja kamar zinariya da azurfa yadda ya kamata, yana samar da tsayayyen gishiri mai rikitarwa, wanda shine tushen yawan amfani da shi a masana'antar hakar gwal don hakar gwal. Duk da haka, yana da matukar guba. Ko da ɗan kankanin adadin, lokacin da aka sha ta hanyar saduwa da fata, shakar numfashi, ko sha, na iya zama m ga mutane da sauran halittu.

2.2 Muhalli - Wakilan Leaching abokantaka

Muhalli - ma'aikatan leaching abokantaka sun zo cikin tsari daban-daban, kuma abubuwan da aka tsara su an tsara su don cimma ingantaccen hakar zinare tare da rage tasirin muhalli. Misali, wasu mahalli na gama-gari - wakilan leaching abokantaka sun ƙunshi babban taro na glycine da sodium iodide. Glycine, a matsayin mafi sauƙi amino acid, ba - mai guba ga muhalli da mutane. A cikin tsarin leaching, yana iya samar da barga masu ƙarfi tare da ions na zinariya, yana sauƙaƙe narkar da zinariya daga ma'adinai. Sodium iodide shima yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Iodide ions na iya shiga cikin halayen redox da hadaddun tsarin samuwar, haɓaka haɓakar leaching na zinari. Waɗannan ɓangarorin suna aiki tare don haɓaka aikin gaba ɗaya na wakilin leaching. Kasancewar irin waɗannan sinadarai ba wai kawai yana ba da damar haɓakar zinare mai inganci ba amma har ma yana rage yiwuwar cutar da muhalli idan aka kwatanta da sodium cyanide na gargajiya. Bugu da ƙari, wasu mahalli - ma'aikatan leaching na abokantaka na iya ƙunsar wasu abubuwan ƙari ko na'urori masu lalata waɗanda aka zaɓa a hankali don inganta tsarin leaching, kamar abubuwan da za su iya daidaita ƙimar pH na maganin leaching, sarrafa narkewar ions na ƙarfe, ko haɓaka zaɓin wakilin leaching zuwa zinari.

III. Yawan Leaching

3.1 Ayyukan Sodium Cyanide

Yawan leaching na sodium cyanide yana da ɗan jinkiri. A cikin aiwatar da hakar zinari ta amfani da sodium cyanide, halayen da ke tsakanin sodium cyanide da zinariya a cikin ma'adinai suna shafar abubuwa masu yawa. Misali, hadaddun sinadarai na ma'adinan na iya kawo cikas ga yawan dauki. Idan ma'adinan ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ma'adanai sulfide, irin su pyrite (), sulfide zai iya amsawa tare da oxygen a cikin iska da ruwa don samar da sulfuric acid da sauran abubuwa. Wannan yanayi na acidic zai iya hanzarta hydrolysis na sodium cyanide, samar da hydrogen cyanide gas ( ), wanda ba wai kawai yana haifar da asarar sodium cyanide ba amma kuma yana rage tasiri mai tasiri na leaching wakili a cikin maganin, don haka rage yawan leaching na zinariya. Bugu da ƙari, girman barbashi na ma'adinan shima yana da tasiri na musamman. Manyan barbashi na ma'adinai masu girma suna da ƙaramin fili - yanki - zuwa - rabon girma, ma'ana cewa wurin hulɗa tsakanin sodium cyanide da zinariya a cikin tama yana da iyaka. A sakamakon haka, an rage yawan amsawa, kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don cimma wani mataki na hakar zinariya. Misali, a wasu ma'adinan gwal na gargajiya ta amfani da leaching sodium cyanide, aikin leaching na iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa zuwa makonni don kammalawa, wanda ba kawai yana tsawaita zagayowar samarwa ba amma kuma yana ƙara farashin samarwa.

3.2 Ayyukan Muhalli - Wakilan Leaching na abokantaka

Muhalli - wakilan leaching abokantaka gabaɗaya suna nuna saurin leaching idan aka kwatanta da sodium cyanide. Ɗauki wasu magungunan leaching masu ɗauke da glycine da sodium iodide a matsayin misali. Glycine na iya samar da ingantattun matsuguni tare da ion zinariya ta hanyar amino da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl. Samuwar waɗannan hadaddun tsari ne mai saurin gaske. A gaban iskar oxygen, glycine zai iya amsawa da sauri tare da zinariya a cikin ma'adinai don narkar da shi. Sodium iodide kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Iodide ions iya shiga cikin redox halayen, inganta hadawan abu da iskar shaka na zinariya. Haɗin waɗannan abubuwa biyu na iya haɓaka aikin leaching sosai. Bincike ya nuna cewa a cikin gwaje-gwaje da yawa, lokacin amfani da irin wannan yanayi - ma'aikatan leaching abokantaka, lokacin da ake buƙata don isa babban adadin hakar zinari ya fi guntu na sodium cyanide. Misali, a wasu lokuta, ana iya rage lokacin leaching da rabi ko ma fiye da haka. Wannan adadin leaching mai sauri ba kawai yana haɓaka haɓakar samarwa ba har ma yana ba da damar kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai su sami samfuran gwal da sauri, yana haɓaka zagayowar babban birnin. Bugu da kari, an tsara wasu mahalli - ma'aikatan leaching na abokantaka don zama masu dacewa da nau'ikan tama daban-daban. Suna iya fitar da gwal da kyau daga ma'adinai tare da hadaddun abubuwan ƙira, suna riƙe da ƙimar leaching mai inganci, wanda shine fa'idar da sodium cyanide ba ta da shi.

IV. Yawan Amfani

Dangane da ƙimar amfani, sodium cyanide da muhalli - ma'aikatan leaching abokantaka suna da kwatankwacinsu.

4.1 Amfani da Sodium Cyanide

A cikin tsarin hakar zinari ta amfani da sodium cyanide, yawan amfani yana shafar abubuwa masu yawa. Abubuwan sinadaran na ma'adinai abu ne mai mahimmanci. Misali, idan ma’adinan ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na karafa waɗanda za su iya amsawa da sodium cyanide, kamar su jan karfe, zinc, da baƙin ƙarfe, waɗannan karafa za su yi gogayya da zinare don samun sodium cyanide. Ions na jan karfe a cikin ma'adanin na iya amsawa da sodium cyanide don samar da hadadden cyanide na jan karfe. Ma'aunin amsawa shine . Wannan ba wai kawai yana haifar da amfani da sodium cyanide ba amma har ma yana rage tasiri mai tasiri don zubar da zinari. A wasu lokuta, lokacin da ma'adinan yana da babban abun ciki na irin waɗannan karafa masu shiga tsakani, amfani da sodium cyanide zai iya karuwa sosai. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar wasu ma'adanai kamar sulfides kuma na iya yin tasiri ga amfani da sodium cyanide. Ma'adinan Sulfide na iya amsawa tare da iskar oxygen a cikin iska da ruwa don samar da sulfuric acid da sauran abubuwa a cikin yanayin leaching. Wannan yanayi na acidic zai iya hanzarta hydrolysis na sodium cyanide, samar da hydrogen cyanide gas (), wanda ke haifar da asarar sodium cyanide. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun da na ma'adinai tare da ingantattun abubuwan haɓaka, ƙimar amfani da sodium cyanide an yi nazari sosai kuma an kafa shi a cikin masana'antar. Misali, a cikin aikin hakar gwal na yau da kullun tare da wani nau'in tama, yawan amfani da sodium cyanide zai iya kasancewa a kusa da takamaiman ƙimar kowace tan na tama da aka sarrafa, wanda ke zama abin tunani ga kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai don tsarawa da sarrafa amfani da reagent.

4.2 Amfani da Muhalli - Wakilan Leaching na abokantaka

Muhalli - ma'aikatan leaching abokantaka, duk da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban, suna da ƙimar amfani kamar na sodium cyanide. Dauki glycine - da - sodium - iodide - tushen leaching jamiái a matsayin misali. Glycine, ko da yake ba mai guba ba ne kuma yana da tsarin amsawa daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da sodium cyanide, yana amsa stoichiometrically tare da zinariya a cikin tama. Ƙungiyoyin carboxyl da amino na glycine na iya samar da hadaddun tare da ions na zinariya. Tsarin dauki yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali, kuma adadin glycine da ake buƙata don narkar da wani adadin gwal ana ƙaddara ta hanyar sinadari na amsawa. Sodium iodide shima yana shiga cikin martanin, kuma amfaninsa yana da alaƙa da halayen redox da hadaddun tsarin samuwar da yake ciki. Gabaɗayan amfani da muhalli - wakili mai leaching abokantaka shine jimlar yawan amfani da kowane bangare. A cikin aikace-aikace masu amfani da yawa da gwaje-gwaje, an gano cewa lokacin da ake kula da ma'adanin ma'adinai iri ɗaya tare da abun ciki na zinari iri ɗaya da halaye, adadin mahalli - wakilin leaching na abokantaka da ake cinyewa yayi daidai da na sodium cyanide. Wannan kamanceceniya a cikin ƙimar amfani yana da fa'ida ga kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai saboda yana ba da izinin sauye-sauye marasa daidaituwa dangane da tsarin samarwa da farashi - ƙididdigewa lokacin la'akari da sauyawa daga sodium cyanide zuwa yanayi - madadin abokantaka. Yana nufin cewa ba sa buƙatar yin canje-canje masu tsauri a cikin reagent ɗin su - siye da ƙididdiga - dabarun gudanarwa saboda babban bambance-bambancen ƙimar amfani.

V. Yawan farfadowa

5.1 Yawan Farko na Sodium Cyanide

Adadin dawo da sodium cyanide a cikin hakar gwal ya kasance da kyau - an kafa shi a cikin masana'antar hakar gwal ta hanyar aiki na dogon lokaci da bincike. A ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayi kuma don takamaiman nau'ikan ma'adanai, sodium cyanide na iya cimma ƙimar dawo da gwal mai ɗanɗano. Alal misali, a wasu ma'adinan gwal da aka sarrafa tare da ma'adinan da suka dace da leaching sodium cyanide, adadin farfadowa zai iya kaiwa zuwa 95% ko ma sama da haka. Duk da haka, a yawancin al'amuran duniya na gaske, ainihin adadin farfadowa na iya zama ƙasa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kasancewar sauran karafa a cikin ma'adinan na iya tasiri sosai wajen farfadowa. Idan ma'adinan ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na jan karfe, zinc, ko baƙin ƙarfe, waɗannan karafa za su amsa tare da sodium cyanide, suna cinye ma'aunin leaching kuma su rage adadin da ake samu don zubar da zinariya. Sakamakon haka, ƙimar dawo da gwal na iya raguwa. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin aiki mara kyau, kamar sarrafa ƙimar pH mara kyau, ƙarancin isashshen iskar oxygen, ko saurin tashin hankali yayin aikin leaching, na iya haifar da raguwar ƙimar farfadowa. Alal misali, idan ƙimar pH na maganin leaching ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, za a ƙara haɓakar hydrolysis na sodium cyanide, wanda zai haifar da asarar wakili na leaching da raguwa a cikin tasiri mai mahimmanci don narkar da zinari, don haka yana shafar ƙimar dawowa.

5.2 Yawan Farfadowa na Muhalli - Wakilan Leaching na abokantaka

Adadin dawo da muhalli - ma'aikatan leaching abokantaka sun yi daidai da na sodium cyanide. Muhalli - ma'aikatan leaching na abokantaka na iya samun nasarar farfadowa wanda ya kai kusan 90 - 95% na na sodium cyanide. Dauki glycine - da - sodium - iodide - tushen leaching jamiái a matsayin misali. A cikin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje da wasu gwaje-gwajen filin, lokacin da ake kula da ma'adanai masu irin wannan halaye, waɗannan yanayi - ma'aikatan leaching na abokantaka sun nuna ingantaccen haɓakar haɓakar zinare. Kodayake yawan dawo da su ya ɗan yi ƙasa da na sodium cyanide a wasu lokuta, har yanzu suna cikin kewayon da aka yarda da su. Alal misali, a cikin wani ma'adanin zinari na musamman inda ma'adinan yana da wani abu mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, bayan canzawa daga sodium cyanide zuwa yanayi - wakilin leaching na abokantaka, ƙimar dawo da zinare ya ragu daga 93% (tare da sodium cyanide) zuwa 90% (tare da muhalli - wakili na leaching), raguwa kawai kashi 3 cikin dari. Wannan ƙaramin bambance-bambance a cikin ƙimar farfadowa galibi ana daidaita shi ta yawancin fa'idodi na muhalli - wakilan leaching na abokantaka, kamar abokantaka na muhalli, saurin leaching, da ƙimar amfani iri ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, tare da ci gaba da bincike da ci gaba, aikin yanayi - ma'aikatan leaching abokantaka suna ci gaba da ingantawa. Masana kimiyya suna aiki kan inganta abubuwan da ke tattare da waɗannan magungunan leaching, ƙara sabbin abubuwan ƙari ko daidaita ma'auni na abubuwan da ke akwai don ƙara haɓaka ƙimar dawo da gwal. A sakamakon haka, ana sa ran gibin da ake samu na farfadowar da ke tsakanin muhalli - ma'aikatan leaching na abokantaka da sodium cyanide zai kara raguwa a nan gaba.

VI. Tasirin Muhalli

6.1 Hadarin Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai kuma yana haifar da babbar barazana ga muhalli. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin hakar gwal, sakamakon wutsiyar ya ƙunshi adadin adadin sodium cyanide da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa. Idan ba a kula da su yadda ya kamata ba, waɗannan wutsiya na iya yin tasiri mara kyau. Alal misali, a wasu lokuta inda aka fitar da wutsiya a cikin ruwa, sodium cyanide a cikin wutsiya na iya narke cikin ruwa, yana fitar da ions cyanide mai guba sosai. Wadannan ions na cyanide zasu iya amsawa tare da ions na karfe a cikin ruwa don samar da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban - cyanide complexes, wanda ke da matukar illa ga kwayoyin ruwa. Ko da a cikin ƙananan ƙima, cyanide na iya hana enzymes na numfashi na kifi da sauran dabbobin ruwa, wanda zai haifar da mutuwarsu. Hakanan yana iya rushe ma'aunin yanayin muhalli na al'ada na jikin ruwa, yana shafar girma da haifuwa na plankton, tsire-tsire na ruwa, da sauran halittu a ƙananan matakan sarkar abinci, a ƙarshe yana haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin nau'ikan halittu na dukkan halittun ruwa.

Bugu da ƙari, idan an bar wutsiyoyi masu ɗauke da sodium cyanide a sararin sama, iska da ruwan sama na iya lalata su. Ruwan ruwan sama na iya ɗaukar siyanide mai ɗauke da abubuwa a cikin wutsiya zuwa cikin ƙasa da ke kusa da tsarin ruwan ƙasa. Wannan zai iya gurɓata ƙasa, rage yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma yana shafar ci gaban tsire-tsire. Cyanide kuma na iya shiga cikin ruwan karkashin kasa, wanda hakan zai sa ruwan karkashin kasa bai dace da amfani da dan Adam ba da kuma noman noma. A wasu yankuna inda ma'adinan zinari da ke amfani da sodium cyanide suke, lura da muhalli na dogon lokaci ya nuna cewa ƙasa da ruwan ƙasa a yankunan da ke kewaye sun gurɓata zuwa nau'i daban-daban, tare da matakan girma na cyanide da karafa masu nauyi, wanda ke da mummunar tasiri na dogon lokaci akan yanayin muhalli na gida da yanayin rayuwar ɗan adam.

6.2 Fa'idodin Muhalli - Wakilan Leaching na abokantaka

Muhalli - wakilan leaching abokantaka, a gefe guda, suna ba da kyakkyawar abokantaka na muhalli. Bayan aikin hakar zinari ta amfani da waɗannan wakilai, wutsiyar da aka haifar suna da tasiri sosai akan yanayin. Misali, wasu mahalli - ma'aikatan leaching abokantaka ba su ƙunshi abubuwa masu guba sosai kamar sodium cyanide ba. Lokacin da aka fitar da wutsiya ko aka kara sarrafa su, ba su da yuwuwar haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen yanayi ga muhallin da ke kewaye. A gaskiya ma, a wasu lokuta, wutsiya da aka bi da su tare da wasu yanayi - ana iya amfani da magungunan leaching na abokantaka don inganta ƙasa. Misali, a wasu ayyukan gwaji, wutsiya daga hakar zinare ta amfani da muhalli an gano cewa sun dace da noman ƙasa bayan maganin da ya dace. Ana iya haɗa waɗannan wutsiya tare da sauran ƙasa - kayan haɓakawa da amfani da ƙasa. Abubuwan da ke cikin wutsiya zasu iya taimakawa wajen inganta tsarin ƙasa, ƙara yawan porosity na ƙasa, da haɓaka ruwa - iyawar riƙewa. A sakamakon haka, za a iya sanya ƙasa ta dace da tsiro, kuma ana iya samun nasarar dasa amfanin gona iri-iri a kanta. Wannan ba kawai yana rage nauyin muhalli na zubar da wutsiya ba, har ma yana samar da sabuwar hanya don cikakken amfani da albarkatun wutsiya, da inganta ci gaba mai dorewa na yanayin muhalli a yankin ma'adinai. Ya nuna cewa muhalli - abokan leaching jamiái na iya yadda ya kamata rage muhalli sawun ayyukan hakar zinare da kuma ba da gudummawa ga jituwa hadin gwiwa - wanzuwar hakar ma'adinai da muhalli.

VII. Kariyar Sufuri

7.1 sodium cyanide

Jirgin sodium cyanide tsari ne mai kayyade sosai kuma mai taka tsantsan saboda tsananin guba. Sodium cyanide yana buƙatar ruwa mai haɗari na musamman - tashoshi na kaya. Kamfanonin jigilar kaya waɗanda ke sarrafa sodium cyanide dole ne su sami takamaiman lasisi kuma su bi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin teku na ƙasa da ƙasa, kamar lambar Kayayyakin Haɗari na Maritime ta Duniya (IMDG). Wannan lambar tana ba da cikakken bayani game da marufi, sarrafawa, da ajiyar kayayyaki masu haɗari yayin jigilar teku don hana duk wani yuwuwar yabo ko haɗari.

Dangane da marufi, sodium cyanide dole ne ya kasance a cikin marufi. Yawancin lokaci ana cika shi cikin iska - kwantena masu matsewa da aka yi da kayan da za su iya jure yanayin lalata da amsawar yanayin sodium cyanide. An ƙera waɗannan kwantena don hana duk wani hulɗa da iska, danshi, ko wasu abubuwa waɗanda zasu iya haifar da halayen haɗari. Misali, ana iya haɗa shi a cikin ganguna na ƙarfe tare da jakunkunan filastik masu layi biyu don tabbatar da iyakar kariya. A lokacin sufuri, ana sa ido sosai kan tsarin gaba ɗaya, kuma ana ɗaukar tsauraran matakan tsaro. Ma'aikata na musamman ne ke da alhakin sarrafawa da jigilar sodium cyanide, kuma dole ne su kasance masu horarwa sosai don magance matsalolin gaggawa masu alaka da wannan abu mai guba.

7.2 Muhalli - Wakilan Leaching abokantaka

Sabanin haka, mahalli - ma'aikatan leaching abokantaka suna jin daɗin jin daɗi a cikin sufuri. Ana iya jigilar su ta hanyoyin safarar sinadarai na yau da kullun. Wannan yana nufin cewa ana iya ɗaukar su da manyan motoci, jiragen ƙasa, ko jiragen ruwa waɗanda aka saba amfani da su don jigilar sinadarai marasa haɗari - musamman. Babu buƙatar hanyoyin sufuri na musamman, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun jigilar kaya kamar na sodium cyanide.

Marufi na yanayi - wakilan leaching abokantaka shima yana da saukin kai, yawanci yana ɗaukar daidaitaccen marufi. Misali, ana iya tattara su a cikin ganguna na filastik ko jakunkuna waɗanda suka dace da buƙatun gabaɗaya don marufi. Wannan madaidaicin marufi ba tsada bane kawai - yana da tasiri amma yana sauƙaƙa tsarin sufuri. Tun da waɗannan wakilan leaching ba su da haɗari, kamfanonin sufuri ba sa buƙatar saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aiki na musamman ko horar da ma'aikata don jigilar su. Wannan yana sa tsarin samar da yanayi - wakilan leaching abokantaka ya zama mafi sassauƙa da samun dama, yana rage farashin sufuri gabaɗaya da matsalolin dabaru na kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai.

VIII. Kammalawa

A ƙarshe, yayin da sodium cyanide ya kasance mai tsayi mai tsayi a cikin masana'antar hakar gwal don hakar gwal, muhalli - ma'aikatan leaching abokantaka suna ba da mafi ɗorewa da ingantaccen madadin. Muhalli - ma'aikatan leaching abokantaka suna da saurin leaching, wanda zai iya inganta ingantaccen samarwa. Kwatankwacin adadin dawo da su zuwa sodium cyanide suna tabbatar da cewa adadin zinare da aka fitar ba a tauyewa sosai ba. Haka kuma, kyakkyawar abokantakarsu ta muhalli ita ce babbar fa'ida, saboda za su iya rage nauyin muhalli da ke tattare da hakar gwal, musamman wajen zubar da wutsiya. Mafi dacewa buƙatun sufuri na yanayi - wakilan leaching abokantaka kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga farashi - tanadi da sauƙi na kayan aiki.

Ko da yake ana iya samun ƙalubale kamar hauhawar farashin farko a wasu lokuta ko buƙatar ƙarin haɓakawa ga takamaiman nau'ikan ma'adinai, tare da ci gaba da bincike da haɓakawa, ana iya shawo kan waɗannan batutuwan. Yayin da duniya mai da hankali kan kariyar muhalli da ci gaba mai dorewa ke ƙaruwa, ana sa ran jami'an leaching masu aminci da muhalli za su taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antar hakar gwal, sannu a hankali za su zama babban zaɓi na hakar zinare a nan gaba.