Cov txheej txheem thiab txheej txheem rau tshem tawm Cyanide ntawm Surface Sulfide Ores

1. Introduction

Hauv kev lag luam metallurgy, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev rho tawm kub thiab kev ua cov hlau sulfide, qhov muaj Cyanide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm Sulfide Ores ua rau muaj kev cov nyom loj heev. Cyanide siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation leaching rau kev rho tawm kub vim nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom sib xyaw nrog kub, ua rau nws yaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab cov txheej txheem leaching, cov cyanide seem ntawm saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores hauv cov tailings tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig xwb tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau kev siv cov zaub mov sulfide tom qab, txo qhov kev rov qab los ntawm cov hlau muaj nqis. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim cov txheej txheem zoo los tshem tawm cyanide ntawm saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov zaub mov ruaj khov thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

2. Muaj teeb meem nrog Cyanide ntawm Sulfide Ore Surfaces

2.1 Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig

Cyanide yog ib yam tshuaj lom heev. Thaum sulfide ores nrog nto - adsorbed cyanide tawm mus rau hauv ib puag ncig, cyanide tuaj yeem maj mam tawm thiab paug av, dej, thiab huab cua. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv qis concentrations, cyanide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev rau cov kab mob hauv dej, nroj tsuag, thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov chaw mining uas tsis raug pov tseg ntawm cyanide - muaj cov tailings tau tshwm sim, cov dej nyob ze tau pom qhov txo qis hauv cov ntsiab lus oxygen yaj, ua rau cov ntses tuag thiab lwm yam dej hauv dej.

2.2 Inhibition ntawm Sulfide Mineral Beneficiation

Cov cyanide adsorbed rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores, xws li pyrite, chalcopyrite, thiab sphalerite, tuaj yeem tsim ib zaj duab xis passivation ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av. Cov zaj duab xis no txo ​​cov reactivity ntawm sulfide minerals thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej flotation los yog lwm yam beneficiation txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub flotation ntawm tooj liab - bearing sulfide ores, lub xub ntiag ntawm cyanide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm chalcopyrite yuav tsis muaj zog nws kev sib raug zoo nrog collectors, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cais tooj liab minerals los ntawm gangue minerals zoo, yog li txo cov qib thiab rov qab tus nqi ntawm tooj liab concentrates.

3. Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm Cyanide rau saum npoo ntawm Sulfide Ores

3.1 Acid Activation Method

3.1.1 Txoj Cai

Txoj kev ua kom cov kua qaub tsuas yog siv cov kua qaub xws li sulfuric acid los yog oxalic acid kom hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov cyanide - muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov sulfide ores. Thaum cov kua qaub ntxiv, nws ua rau decomposition ntawm cyanide - hlau complexes. Yog li ntawd, hydrogen cyanide gas yog generated. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim tau zoo, qhov tsis zoo no hydrogen cyanide tuaj yeem rov qab tau thiab rov qab siv dua los ntawm cov tshuab nqus dej uas tsim nyog.

3.1.2 Txheej txheem txheej txheem

1. Kev Npaj Cov Pob Zeb Ore : Ua ntej, sib tov cov sulfide ore tailings nrog cov cyanide uas nqus tau saum npoo av nrog dej kom tsim tau cov pob zeb ore sib xws. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom khov thiab cov kua ntawm cov pob zeb ore feem ntau raug kho raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb ore thiab cov kev cai tshwj xeeb, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 1: 2 - 1: 5.

2. Ntxiv Cov Kua Txob : Maj mam ntxiv cov kua qaub sulfuric lossis oxalic rau hauv cov hlau thaum do tas li. Yuav tsum tswj kom zoo raws li cov cyanide hauv cov hlau. Feem ntau, tus nqi pH ntawm cov hlau raug kho rau 2 - 4. thiab pH yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tam sim ntawd siv lub ntsuas pH thaum lub sijhawm ntxiv.

3. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas thiab Kev Kho Mob Roj : Tom qab ntxiv cov kua qaub, cia qhov kev tshuaj xyuas mus li 1 - 3 teev. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov roj hydrogen cyanide raug tsim tawm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov roj no kom tsis txhob ua rau ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, lub kaw lus sau thiab kho cov roj raug teeb tsa. Cov roj hydrogen cyanide uas tsim tawm raug xa mus rau hauv lub pej thuam nqus uas muaj cov kua alkaline, xws li cov kua sodium hydroxide. Ntawm no, cov hydrogen cyanide cuam tshuam nrog cov kua sodium hydroxide, thiab cov kua Sodium Cyanide uas tau rov qab los tuaj yeem rov ua dua rau cov txheej txheem cyanidation yog tias nws qhov zoo ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

3.1.3 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

• Cov Zoo : Txoj kev no yooj yim heev rau kev siv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov tshuaj cyanide uas muaj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau sulfide thiab muaj peev xwm rov ua dua cyanide, txo cov nqi tag nrho ntawm kev siv cyanide hauv cov txheej txheem khawb av.

• Qhov Tsis Zoo : Muaj kev pheej hmoo loj heev rau kev nyab xeeb. Cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide muaj tshuaj lom heev, thiab txhua qhov xau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua qaub siv hauv txoj kev no yog corrosive, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv thiab cov kav dej puas tsuaj, ua rau cov nqi kho thiab ua rau lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv luv dua.

3.2 Oxidant Activation Method

3.2.1 Txoj Cai

Cov tshuaj oxidants xws li hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, thiab ozone raug siv los oxidize cov cyanide rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov sulfide ores. Cov tshuaj oxidants no rhuav tshem cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj cyanide, hloov cov cyanide mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom xws li cov pa nitrogen thiab Carbonates.

3.2.2 Txheej txheem txheej txheem

1. Kev Npaj Cov Pob Zeb Ore : Zoo ib yam li txoj kev ua kom cov kua qaub ua haujlwm, npaj cov tailings sulfide ore rau hauv cov pob zeb ore nrog qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom khov thiab kua.

2. Ntxiv Cov Tshuaj Oxidant : Ntxiv cov tshuaj oxidant uas koj xaiv rau hauv cov hlau ore pulp. Qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj oxidant uas ntxiv rau yog nyob ntawm cov cyanide uas muaj nyob hauv cov hlau ore pulp thiab qhov muaj peev xwm oxidation ntawm cov tshuaj oxidant. Piv txwv li, thaum siv hydrogen peroxide, feem ntau yog 1 - 5 kg ib tuj ntawm cov hlau ore pulp, thaum potassium permanganate feem ntau yog ntxiv rau ntawm 0.5 - 2 kg ib tuj ntawm cov hlau ore pulp. Qhov ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua maj mam nrog kev sib xyaw tas li kom ntseeg tau tias sib xyaw zoo.

3. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas thiab Kev Soj Ntsuam : Cia cov tshuaj oxidant ua rau cov tshuaj cyanide hauv cov hlau ore li 2 - 4 teev. Thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas, saib xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm oxidation - txo qis thiab cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv cov hlau ore. Tus nqi oxidation - txo qis tuaj yeem qhia txog kev nce qib ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas oxidation. Thaum tus nqi ruaj khov thiab cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv cov hlau ore ua tau raws li tus qauv xav tau (feem ntau tsawg dua 0.5 mg / L), qhov kev tshuaj xyuas suav tias tiav.

3.2.3 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

• Cov Zoo : Txoj kev no tsis tsim cov pa roj lom thiab cov pa roj uas hloov pauv tau zoo li txoj kev ua kom cov kua qaub ua haujlwm, ua rau nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau oxidize thiab lwj cov cyanide, ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm cyanide ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov sulfide ores. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom ua haujlwm yog tus phooj ywg rau ib puag ncig.

• Qhov Tsis Zoo : Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj oxidants yog qhov siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tshuaj oxidants muaj zog xws li ozone, uas ua rau tus nqi ua cov tshuaj sulfide nce ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev cuam tshuam oxidation yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam xws li tus nqi pH ntawm cov hlau ore, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab qhov muaj lwm yam tsis huv, uas xav tau kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov xwm txheej tshuaj tiv thaiv.

3.3 Copper ntsev txoj kev

3.3.1 Txoj Cai

Tooj ntsev, xws li tooj liab sulfate, yog ntxiv rau sulfide ore pulp nrog nto - adsorbed cyanide. Cov tooj liab ions hnov ​​​​mob nrog cyanide los tsim cov tooj liab insoluble - cyanide complexes. Cov complexes tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm cov ore pulp los ntawm cov khoom sib cais - cov kua dej sib cais, yog li ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cyanide.

3.3.2 Txheej txheem txheej txheem

1. Kev Npaj Cov Pob Zeb Ore : Npaj cov tailings sulfide ore rau hauv cov pob zeb ore nrog qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom khov thiab kua.

2. Ntxiv Cov Ntshav Tooj Liab : Ntxiv cov tooj liab sulfate kom txaus rau hauv cov hlau ore pulp. Qhov ntau ntawm cov tooj liab sulfate ntxiv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv cov hlau ore pulp, feem ntau nrog rau qhov sib piv ntawm cov tooj liab ions rau cov cyanide ions ntawm 1 - 2: 1. Tooj liab sulfate feem ntau yog ntxiv ua cov kua dej, thiab cov txheej txheem ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog kev sib xyaw tas li kom ntseeg tau tias cov tooj liab ions faib sib npaug hauv cov hlau ore pulp.

3. Kev Sib Tov thiab Kev Sib Cais Khoom Khob - Kua : Tom qab ntxiv cov ntsev tooj liab, cia qhov kev sib tov ua mus li 1 - 2 teev. Tom qab ntawd, ua kev sib cais khoom khob - kua ntawm cov hlau siv cov txheej txheem xws li kev lim lossis kev tso dej. Cov khoom khob uas tau sib cais muaj cov tooj liab - cyanide precipitates thiab cov zaub mov sulfide, thaum cov kua uas tau sib cais tuaj yeem kho ntxiv kom ua tau raws li tus qauv tso tawm lossis rov ua dua rau lwm lub hom phiaj.

3.3.3 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

• Cov Zoo : Txoj kev no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cyanide ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov sulfide ores los ntawm kev tsim cov precipitates uas tsis yaj. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yooj yim heev, thiab tooj liab sulfate yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas pheej yig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam.

• Qhov Tsis Zoo : Kev ntxiv cov ntsev tooj liab yuav ua rau muaj cov khoom tsis huv ntawm tooj liab rau hauv cov ore pulp, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev siv cov zaub mov sulfide tom qab. Piv txwv li, thaum cov hlau lead - zinc sulfide ores flotation, cov ions tooj liab ntau dhau yuav ua rau sphalerite ua haujlwm, cuam tshuam rau kev sib cais ntawm cov hlau lead thiab zinc minerals. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tooj liab - cyanide precipitates uas sib cais yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg kom zoo kom tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj zaum ob.

3.4 Tshiab Composite Reagent Method

3.4.1 Txoj Cai

Qee qhov tsim tawm tshiab cov tshuaj reagents, zoo li kev sib xyaw ntawm polysulfides thiab sodium metabisulfite, yog siv. Cov polysulfides hnov ​​​​mob nrog cov sulfur - muaj cov khoom siv hauv cyanide - muaj cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov sulfide ores, thaum sodium metabisulfite kho cov peev txheej redox ntawm lub cev thiab txhawb kev decomposition ntawm cyanide, yog li yooj yim rau nws tshem tawm.

3.4.2 Txheej txheem txheej txheem

1. Kev Npaj Cov Pob Zeb Ore : Npaj cov tailings sulfide ore rau hauv cov pob zeb ore.

2. Kev Ntxiv Cov Tshuaj Sib Xyaws : Ntxiv cov tshuaj sib xyaws uas muaj polysulfides thiab sodium metabisulfite rau hauv cov hlau ore pulp. Qhov hnyav piv ntawm polysulfides rau sodium metabisulfite feem ntau yog 1:1. thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaws ntxiv yog txiav txim siab raws li cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv cov hlau ore pulp thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov hlau sulfide, feem ntau yog txij li 0.5 - 2 kg ib tuj ntawm cov hlau ore pulp.

3. Kev Tshuaj Xyuas thiab Kev Soj Ntsuam : Tom qab ntxiv cov tshuaj sib xyaw, cia qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam mus ntxiv rau 1 - 3 teev. Thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj ntsuam, saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus cyanide thiab cov yam ntxwv tshuaj lom neeg, xws li lub peev xwm redox thiab tus nqi pH, hauv cov ore pulp. Kho cov xwm txheej tshuaj ntsuam sai sai raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev soj ntsuam kom ntseeg tau tias tshem tawm tag nrho cov cyanide.

3.4.3 Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

• Cov Zoo : Txoj kev no qhia tau tias nws yooj yim hloov mus rau ntau hom sulfide ores. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua haujlwm ua ke kom tshem tawm cyanide ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sulfide ores. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem ib leeg, nws yuav muab kev tshem tawm zoo dua thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua rau kev siv cov zaub mov sulfide tom qab.

• Qhov Tsis Zoo : Kev tsim thiab tsim cov tshuaj reagents sib xyaw ua ke nyuaj heev, thiab tus nqi yuav siab dua li qee cov txheej txheem ib leeg - reagent. Ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj reagents sib xyaw tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev tsis paub meej hauv kev siv hauv kev lag luam tiag tiag.

4. Txheej txheem optimization thiab kev txiav txim siab

4.1 Pretreatment ntawm Ores

Ua ntej siv ib yam ntawm cov saum toj no txoj kev kom tshem tawm cyanide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores, tsim nyog ore pretreatment yog feem ntau tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias cov sulfide ore tailings muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm nplua - grained gangue minerals, ua ntej - soj ntsuam los yog kev faib ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kom tshem tawm qhov nyuaj - mus - kho zoo - grained feem. Qhov no tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib cuag ntawm cov reagent thiab sulfide minerals nrog nto - adsorbed cyanide thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm gangue minerals ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv.

4.2 Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Cai Tswj

• Tus Nqi pH : Tus nqi pH ntawm cov hlau ore pulp muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txoj kev ua kom acid ua haujlwm xav tau pH qis dua los txhawb kev rhuav tshem cov tshuaj cyanide uas muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw, thaum txoj kev ua kom oxidant ua haujlwm thiab txoj kev ntsev tooj liab yuav tsum tswj hwm qhov pH kom haum. Piv txwv li, thaum siv hydrogen peroxide ua oxidant, tus nqi pH zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau ore pulp feem ntau yog 8 - 10. thiab thaum siv tooj liab sulfate, tus nqi pH ntawm cov hlau ore pulp feem ntau yog tswj hwm ntawm 6 - 8.

• Kub : Qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov nrawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau, kev nce qhov kub tuaj yeem ua rau qhov nrawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai dua. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee qhov kev tiv thaiv, xws li kev oxidation ntawm cyanide los ntawm hydrogen peroxide, qhov kub siab dhau heev yuav ua rau cov oxidant lwj, txo qhov ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo raws li qhov system tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 20 - 40 ° C.

• Kev Sib Xyaws Sib Npaug : Kev sib xyaws sib xyaws txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj reagents sib npaug zos hauv cov ore pulp thiab ua rau muaj kev sib cuag ntawm cov tshuaj reagents thiab cov tshuaj uas muaj cyanide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov sulfide ores. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib xyaws ntau dhau yuav ua rau siv zog tsis tsim nyog thiab ua rau cov khoom siv puas tsuaj. Kev sib xyaws sib xyaws sib xyaws kom tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tshawb fawb sim thiab kev paub txog kev tsim khoom.

4.3 Khoom - Kev sib cais ua kua thiab kev kho dej khib nyiab

Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tshem tawm cyanide ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sulfide ores, cov khoom siv tau zoo - kev sib cais ua kua yuav tsum tau cais cov tshuaj sulfide minerals los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau siv cov khoom sib cais - cov kua dej sib cais muaj xws li pom, sedimentation, thiab centrifugation. Cov dej khib nyiab sib cais feem ntau tseem muaj qee qhov seem cyanide thiab lwm yam impurities, uas yuav tsum tau kho ntxiv kom tau raws li tus qauv tso tawm. Cov txheej txheem kho dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem suav nrog txoj hauv kev xws li ntxiv oxidation, adsorption, thiab kev kho kab mob lom.

5. Case Studies

5.1 Acid Activation Method Daim Ntawv Thov hauv Kub Mine

Hauv qee qhov kub kuv, tom qab cyanidation leaching txheej txheem, sulfide ore tailings muaj ib tug nqi ntawm nto - adsorbed cyanide. Lub mine siv txoj kev ua kom cov kua qaub rau kev kho mob. Ua ntej, cov tailings tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub ore pulp nrog ib tug khoom - kua piv ntawm 1: 3. Tom qab ntawd, sulfuric acid tau ntxiv los kho cov ore pulp tus nqi pH rau 3. Tom qab reacting rau 2 teev, cov generated hydrogen cyanide gas tau sau thiab absorbed los ntawm sodium hydroxide tov. Tom qab kev kho mob, cov ntsiab lus cyanide nyob rau hauv ore pulp poob los ntawm 5 mg / L mus rau tsawg dua 0.5 mg / L, thiab tom qab flotation rov qab tus nqi ntawm sulfide minerals nce li ntawm 10%. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab cov khoom siv cov kav dej tau raug kev txom nyem hnyav heev.

5.2 Oxidant Activation Method hauv Polymetallic Sulfide Ore Mine

Ib qho polymetallic sulfide ore mine siv hydrogen peroxide ua oxidant kom tshem tawm cyanide rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores. Lub ore pulp tus nqi pH yog thawj zaug hloov mus rau 9. thiab tom qab ntawd hydrogen peroxide tau ntxiv ntawm qhov ntau npaum li 3 kg ib tuj ntawm ore pulp. Tom qab reacting rau 3 teev, cov ntsiab lus cyanide nyob rau hauv ore pulp raug txo kom tsawg heev. Cov txiaj ntsig tom qab ntawm tooj liab, txhuas, thiab zinc sulfide cov zaub mov tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov cyanide ntxiv, thiab tag nrho cov hlau rov qab zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi siab ntawm hydrogen peroxide ua rau kev nce nqi ntawm cov ore ua cov nqi kwv yees li $ 5 ib tuj.

6. xaus

Tshem tawm cyanide ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sulfide ores yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua cov pob zeb hauv av. Txoj kev ua kom cov kua qaub, oxidant activation txoj kev, tooj liab ntsev txoj kev, thiab tshiab composite reagent txoj kev txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej zoo thiab tsis zoo. Hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam tiag tiag, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog yam xws li qhov xwm ntawm sulfide ores, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab cov nqi nyiaj txiag los xaiv txoj kev tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Meanwhile, los ntawm optimizing txheej txheem tej yam kev mob, pretreating ores, thiab kom zoo tuav cov khoom - kua cais thiab dej khib nyiab, efficiency ntawm tshem cyanide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm sulfide ores yuav ua tau ntxiv txhim khu kev qha, ua kom tiav cov hom phiaj ntawm kev pab thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.