Cyanide-Containing Wastewater Treatment Methods and Processes from Cyanide Tailings

Hauv kev lag luam mining, kev rho tawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig feem ntau suav nrog kev siv cyanide, uas generates ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm cyanide-muaj cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cyanide tailings. Cov dej khib nyiab no muaj tshuaj lom heev thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv yog tias tsis kho kom raug. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev kho mob zoo thiab cov txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov mining sector. Kab lus no yuav qhia meej txog txoj kev kho mob thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cyanide los ntawm cyanide tailings.

1. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho Cyanide-muaj cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm Cyanide Talings

Cyanide yog ib yam tshuaj lom heev uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cell ua pa enzymes, ua rau cell tuag. Txawm tias muaj tsawg tsawg, cyanide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev rau cov kab mob hauv dej, cuam tshuam kev sib npaug ntawm cov dej hauv lub cev. Yog tias cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cyanide nkag mus rau hauv av lossis dej hauv av, nws tuaj yeem paug cov dej uas tseem ceeb rau tib neeg haus thiab dej ua liaj ua teb, yog li tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Kev kho cov dej khib nyiab no tsis yog tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj yog ib qho kev ntsuas tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam mining.

2. Txoj kev kho mob

2.1 Tshuaj Oxidation

• Kev Siv Chlorination Oxidation : Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem oxidation tshuaj lom neeg siv dav tshaj plaws. Cov tshuaj chlorine-based reagents, xws li sodium hypochlorite thiab calcium hypochlorite, raug ntxiv rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab. Chlorine reacts nrog cyanide ions los oxidize lawv ua cyanate uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd oxidize cyanate ntxiv rau hauv Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ceev heev, tab sis nws yuav tsum tswj cov tshuaj oxidant kom raug kom tsis txhob siv chlorine ntau dhau thiab tsim cov khoom tsis zoo.

• Kev Oxidation ntawm Ozone : Ozone muaj cov khoom oxidizing muaj zog. Thaum siv los kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cyanide, ozone tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog cyanide kom nws lwj mus ua cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Kev oxidation ntawm Ozone muaj qhov zoo ntawm tsis muaj kuab paug thib ob thiab kev ua haujlwm oxidation siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov nqi peev txheej khoom siv yog qhov siab, thiab kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv ozone xav tau cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm nruj.

• Kev Oxidation ntawm Hydrogen Peroxide : Hydrogen peroxide kuj tseem tuaj yeem oxidize cyanide nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej. Nws feem ntau siv ua ke nrog cov tshuaj catalysts, xws li cov ntsev hlau, los txhim kho qhov nrawm ntawm kev oxidation. Txoj kev no yog tus phooj ywg zoo rau ib puag ncig, tab sis lub sijhawm teb yuav ntev dua, thiab kev xaiv cov tshuaj catalysts thiab cov xwm txheej teb tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob zoo.

2.2 Kev kho mob lom

Cov kev kho mob lom neeg siv cov kab mob me me kom degrade cyanide. Qee cov kab mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv cyanide ua cov pa roj carbon thiab nitrogen qhov chaw rau kev loj hlob thiab cov metabolism. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho mob lom, cov dej khib nyiab yuav tsum tau pretreated kom tshem tawm cov khoom uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob, thiab tom qab ntawd cov dej khib nyiab tau nkag mus rau hauv kev kho kab mob lom, xws li lub tshuab ua kom cov sludge los yog biofilm reactor. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev loj hlob ib puag ncig rau cov kab mob, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias, pH tus nqi, yaj oxygen, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov dej num thiab degradation efficiency ntawm cyanide. Kev kho mob lom neeg muaj qhov zoo ntawm tus nqi qis thiab tsawg dua cov pa phem thib ob, tab sis nws muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua rau qhov zoo ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab yuav tsum tau kho lub voj voog ntev dua.

2.3 Lub Cev-Chemical Methods

• Kev Sib Pauv Ion : Cov tshuaj sib pauv Ion uas muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem xaiv cov cyanide ions hauv cov dej khib nyiab. Cov tshuaj no muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cyanide ions. Tom qab cov tshuaj tau saturated nrog cyanide ions, lawv tuaj yeem rov tsim dua los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev rov tsim dua tshiab, thiab cov cyanide ions tuaj yeem rov qab tau lossis kho ntxiv. Kev sib pauv Ion muaj kev xaiv siab thiab kev kho mob zoo, tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov neeg sawv cev rov tsim dua tshiab yuav tsum tau xav txog, thiab kev kho cov khib nyiab rov tsim dua tshiab kuj xav tau kev saib xyuas.

• Kev Sib Cais Membrane : Cov txheej txheem sib cais membrane, xws li rov qab osmosis thiab nanofiltration, tuaj yeem sib cais cov cyanide ions ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm kev siv cov permeability xaiv ntawm cov membranes. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cyanide thiab lwm yam pa phem, thiab cov dej kho zoo kuj zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib cais membrane feem ntau muaj teeb meem membrane fouling, uas xav tau kev ntxuav thiab kev saib xyuas cov membranes tsis tu ncua, ua rau tus nqi ua haujlwm nce ntxiv.

3. Kev kho mob dav dav

3.1 Pretreatment

Ua ntej kev kho mob, cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cyanide los ntawm cyanide tailings yuav tsum tau pretreated. Cov kauj ruam no feem ntau suav nrog tshem tawm cov khib nyiab loj, kho qhov pH tus nqi ntawm cov dej khib nyiab, thiab ua kom tsis muaj qee yam khoom uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem kho tom ntej. Piv txwv li, kev siv cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, thiab ntxiv cov kua qaub los yog alkali tsim nyog tuaj yeem kho tus nqi pH ntawm cov dej khib nyiab mus rau qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho mob tom ntej.

3.2 Kev kho tseem ceeb

Raws li cov kev xaiv kho mob, cov dej khib nyiab pretreated nkag mus rau theem kho tseem ceeb. Yog tias siv cov tshuaj oxidation, cov oxidant sib raug tau ntxiv raws li kev suav ntau npaum li cas, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tank nrog tsim nyog nplawm kom muaj kev sib cuag txaus ntawm oxidant thiab cyanide. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kho mob lom, cov dej khib nyiab tau nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej raug kho kom tswj tau qhov kev loj hlob zoo ntawm cov kab mob. Rau kev siv lub cev-tshuaj, cov dej khib nyiab dhau los ntawm ion txauv kab lossis cov khoom siv sib cais membrane kom ua tiav qhov kev sib cais thiab tshem tawm ntawm cyanide.

3.3 Kev kho mob tom qab

Tom qab qhov kev kho tseem ceeb, kev kho tom qab yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si ntxiv rau cov dej kho thiab xyuas kom nws ua tau raws li cov qauv tso tawm. Kev kho tom qab tuaj yeem suav nrog cov txheej txheem xws li tshem tawm cov khoom ua paug ntxiv, hloov cov ntsuas dej zoo (xws li kev hloov pH dua, txo cov tshuaj oxygen xav tau), thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov dej kho yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab kuaj tsis tu ncua kom ntseeg tau tias nws qhov zoo ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

4. Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb thiab yav tom ntej Trends

Thaum lub sij hawm kev kho mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom ntawm cyanide. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev xaiv cov kev kho mob thiab cov txheej txheem yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog yam xws li cov nqi kho mob, kev kho mob, thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, thiab tus nqi qis cyanide-muaj cov dej khib nyiab kho thev naus laus zis yuav yog txoj kev txhim kho. Piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau txoj kev kho mob, kev txhim kho cov catalysts tshiab thiab cov khoom siv rau cov tshuaj oxidation, thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho mob lom neeg los txhim kho kev degradation efficiency ntawm cyanide.

Hauv kev xaus, kev kho cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cyanide tailings yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj tab sis tseem ceeb. Los ntawm kev nkag siab thiab siv cov kev kho mob thiab cov txheej txheem tsim nyog, thiab txuas ntxiv tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim kho tshiab, peb tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem cyanide, tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ecological, thiab txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam mining.