Usoro chlorination maka ọgwụgwọ cyanide Gold Sludge

Okwu Mmalite

N'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ọlaedo, ihe e ji amịpụta ọlaedo bụ ihe e ji amịpụta ọlaedo. Ihe a anaghị enwe naanị ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa dịka ọlaedo na ọlaọcha kamakwa ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ dịka cyanide . Ọgwụgwọ nke ihe e ji amịpụta ọlaedo cyanide dị oke mkpa maka mgbake akụrụngwa na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Usoro chlorine apụtala dị ka ụzọ dị irè maka ịgwọ ihe a na-amịpụta, na-enye ụzọ isi kewaa ọla bara uru ma wepụ ihe ndị nwere cyanide n'ahụ.

Ụkpụrụ nke Usoro Chlorination

Oxidation na Mgbasa Nhọrọ

Usoro chlorine na-eji ohere dị iche iche nke mbelata oxidation na mbelata nke ọla dị n'ime otu ihe. N'ihe gbasara ọgwụgwọ nke cyanide gold sludge, mgbe etinyere ihe na-eme ka chlorine (dị ka sodium chlorate na acidic medium), a na-eme ka ọla ndị nwere obere oxidation - mbelata oxidation, dị ka zinc, iron, lead, na copper, bụrụ ndị a na-agbaze ma na-agbaze na ngwọta ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na hydrochloric acid medium, ọla ndị dị na gold sludge na-emeghachi omume na ngwọta ahụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, mgbe etinyere sodium chlorate, ọ na-eme ka ikike ngwọta ahụ dịkwuo elu, na-ekwe ka ọla kọpa na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị agbaze na hydrochloric acid bụrụ ndị a na-agbaze ma na-agbaze kpamkpam. Site n'ịchịkwa ikike ngwọta ahụ nke ọma, enwere ike ịhapụ ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa dị ka ọlaọcha na ọlaedo na ihe fọdụrụ.

Mbibi Cyanide

Cyanide dị na mmiri ọlaedo na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Chlorination nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ibibi cyanide. N'ebe alkaline dị, mgbe etinyere oxidant dabere na chlorine (dịka gas chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, wdg), a na-ebu ụzọ mee ka cyanide dị ka cyanate wee mee ka ọ dị ka Carbon dioxide na nitrogen. Usoro mmeghachi omume izugbe bụ ndị a: N'ihu ihe ngwọta alkaline, chlorine nwere oxidant agbakwunyere na-emepụta ụdị dị ka OCl⁻. Cyanide (CN⁻) na-emeghachi omume na OCl⁻, site na usoro mmeghachi omume oxidation, a na-agbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị emerụ ahụ.

Usoro Ngwa nke Usoro Chlorination na Ọgwụ Cyanide Gold Sludge

Esemokwu

Tupu usoro chlorination, sludge ọla edo cyanide na-achọkarị ọgwụgwọ mbụ. Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye usoro dị ka egweri iji belata urughuru nha nke sludge, nke nwere ike ime ka mpaghara kọntaktị dị n'etiti sludge na onye na-ahụ maka chlorinating, si otú ahụ na-eme ka mmeghachi omume dịkwuo mma. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụrụ na sludge ahụ nwere nnukwu adịghị ọcha nke nwere ike igbochi mmeghachi omume chlorination, dị ka oke oke nke ụfọdụ oxides metal ma ọ bụ sulfide, enwere ike iji ihe reagents kwesịrị ekwesị tupu leaching iji wepụ ihe ndị a na-etinye aka.

Mmeghachi omume chlorination

1.First - ogbo chlorination (Mwepụ adịghị ọcha)

• Na nke mbụ - ogbo nke mmeghachi omume chlorination, ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ isi bụ iwepụ ọla ndị sitere na cyanide gold sludge. A na-etinye sludge ahụ n'ime arịa mmeghachi omume nwere usoro acidic kwesịrị ekwesị (na-abụkarị hydrochloric acid). Mgbe ahụ, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbakwunye ihe na-emepụta chlorinating, dị ka sodium chlorate. Ọ dị mkpa ka ejiri nlezianya chịkwaa ọnọdụ okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume, acidity, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịgbakwunye chlorinating. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike idowe okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume n'ime ebe ụfọdụ, ọ na-adịkarị gburugburu 40 - 60 Celsius C, na acidity nke ngwọta hydrochloric acid na-edozi na ntinye kwesịrị ekwesị, na-emekarị gburugburu 1-3 mol/L.

• N'oge usoro a, a na-enyocha oxidation - ikike mbelata nke usoro mmeghachi omume. Mgbe ikike ahụ ruru ebe dị iche iche (dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka iwepụ ụfọdụ ọla ndị isi, enwere ike ịchịkwa ikike ahụ n'etiti 400 - 450 mV), ọla ndị dị ka zinc, ígwè, na akụkụ nke ọla kọpa na-agbaze ma gbazee n'ime ngwọta. Oge mmeghachi omume dịgasị iche dabere na ihe mejupụtara na nha nha nke sludge, n'ozuzu sitere na awa 2 - 4.

2.Second - ogbo Chlorination (Gold na Silver Separation)

• Mgbe nke mbụ - ogbo nke iwepụ adịghị ọcha, ihe fọdụrụ na-enwekarị ọla edo, ọlaọcha na ụfọdụ adịghị ọcha. Na nke abụọ - ogbo nke chlorination, a na-edozi ọnọdụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nhọrọ agbaze ọla edo ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha. Ọ bụrụ na ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ igbari ọla edo, a na-edozi ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume iji mee ka oxidation dịkwuo elu - ikike mbelata. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'ịgbakwụnye sodium chlorate ọzọ na imezi acidity na okpomọkụ nke ọma, enwere ike ịbawanye ike ruo n'ókè ebe ọla edo nwere ike ịgbaze ma gbazee (na-emekarị gburugburu 1000 - 1050 mV).

• Ka mmeghachi omume ahụ na-aga n'ihu, a na-atụgharị ọla edo ka ọ bụrụ ogige chloride ọla edo soluble na ngwọta. Ọlaọcha nwere ike ịmalite chloride ọla ọcha na-adịghị edozi n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ma nọrọ na nke fọdụrụ. Oge mmeghachi omume maka ogbo a nwere ike ịdị gburugburu 0.5 - 1 awa, dabere na ọnụọgụ ọla edo dị na sludge.

Metal Iweghachite

1.Gold mgbake

• Mgbe agbazechara ọla edo na ngwọta dị ka ogige chloride ọla edo, enwere ike nwetaghachi ya site na mbelata. Enwere ike iji ihe na-ebelata ihe dị ka sodium sulfite, oxalic acid, ma ọ bụ hydrazine. Mgbe ị na-eji sodium sulfite dị ka onye na-ebelata ihe ngwọta, a na-edozi ngwọta ahụ ka ọ bụrụ uru pH kwesịrị ekwesị (na-emekarị gburugburu 1 - 2), mgbe ahụ, a na-agbakwunye sodium sulfite nwayọọ nwayọọ. Usoro mmeghachi omume maka mbelata ogige chloride ọla edo site na sodium sulfite bụ: 3H₂O + 3Na₂SO₃+2HAuCl₄ = 3Na₂SO₄ + 8HCl + 2Au.

• A na-enyochakwa usoro mbelata site na ịlele oxidation - ikike mbelata nke ngwọta. Enwere ike ikpebi njedebe - njedebe nke mbelata mgbe ikike ruru ụfọdụ uru (dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka nke mbụ - ọkwa nke mbelata site na iji sodium sulfite, njedebe - ike nwere ike ịdị gburugburu 590 - 730 mV). A na-enyochazi ọla edo a wụsara agbasara, saa ya, ma kpoo ya iji nweta ngwaahịa ọla edo dị ọcha.

2.Silver mgbake

• Ọ bụrụ na ọlaọcha na-anọgide na ihe fọdụrụ mgbe nke abụọ-ogbo nke chlorination, ọ nwere ike na-esikwa ọzọ iji nwetaghachi ọlaọcha. Otu usoro a na-ahụkarị bụ iji reagent kwesịrị ekwesị na-emeso ihe fọdụrụnụ iji gbazee ọlaọcha, dị ka iji nitric acid gbarie ọlaọcha chloride iji mepụta ngwọta nitrate ọlaọcha. Mgbe ahụ, enwere ike nwetaghachi ọlaọcha site na ngwọta nitrate ọlaọcha site na ụzọ dị ka electrolysis ma ọ bụ mbelata ya na onye na-ebelata mbelata kwesịrị ekwesị.

Cyanide - nwere ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu

Mmiri mkpofu a na-emepụta n'oge usoro chlorination nke cyanide gold sludge nwere cyanide fọdụrụnụ. Iji mezuo ụkpụrụ mkpofu gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ dị mkpa ka a gwọọ mmiri mkpofu a. chlorination alkaline bụ usoro a na-ahụkarị maka ịgwọ ụdị mmiri mkpofu a. Na gburugburu alkaline (pH> 10), a na-agbakwunye oxidant nke chlorine na mmiri mkpofu. Cyanide dị n'ime mmiri mkpofu ka a na-ebu ụzọ mee ka ọ bụrụ cyanate wee mee ka ọ bụrụ carbon dioxide na nitrogen na-adịghị egbu egbu. A na-eme mmeghachi omume n'okpuru ngwakọta kwesịrị ekwesị na oge mmeghachi omume iji hụ na oxidation zuru oke nke cyanide.

Uru nke Usoro Chlorination

Ọnụego mgbake ọla dị elu

Usoro chlorination nwere ike nweta oke mgbake nke ọla bara uru na sludge gold cyanide. Site n'ịchịkwa kpọmkwem ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume na oxidation - ike mbelata, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịgbari ma nwetaghachi ọla edo na ọlaọcha, ebe ọ na-ewepụ ihe adịghị ọcha nke isi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na usoro kachasị mma, ọnụọgụ mgbake ọla edo nwere ike iru karịa 95%, na mgbake ọlaọcha nwekwara ike ịdị oke elu, dabere na nhazi mbụ nke sludge.

Mbibi Cyanide dị mma

Dịka e kwuru n'elu, usoro chlorination nwere ike ibibi cyanide nke na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu na sludge ọla edo. Nke a dị oke mkpa maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike igbochi ịhapụ cyanide na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-ebelata ihe ndị nwere ike imerụ ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ndakọrịta na Ngwakọta Sludge dị iche iche

Usoro chlorination na-egosi ngbanwe dị mma na sludge ọla edo cyanide nwere ihe dị iche iche. Ma sludge nwere ihe dị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala nke ọla edo, ọlaọcha, na ọla dị iche iche dị ala, ngbanwe kwesịrị ekwesị nke ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dị ka ụdị na ọnụọgụ nke chlorinating, mmeghachi omume okpomọkụ, acidity, na oxidation - enwere ike ime mbelata ikike iji nweta ọgwụgwọ dị irè.

Ihe ịma aka na ngwọta dị na Usoro Chlorination

Nrụrụ akụrụngwa

Mpaghara acidic na oxidizing na usoro chlorination nwere ike ime ka mmebi akụrụngwa dị njọ. Iji chlorine - nwere oxidants na mgbasa ozi acidic, ọkachasị hydrochloric acid, nwere ike imebi arịa mmeghachi omume, pipeline, na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ. Iji dozie nsogbu a, ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ ihe ndị na-eguzogide corrosion. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iji ihe ndị dị ka elu - igwe anaghị agba nchara, alloys titanium, ma ọ bụ kpuchie ya na corrosion - ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị ka roba ma ọ bụ graphite. Nleba anya na nleba anya nke akụrụngwa dịkwa mkpa iji chọpụta na mezie corrosion - nsogbu ndị metụtara ya n'oge.

Ọgbọ nke Nsi Site - ngwaahịa

N'oge usoro chlorination, karịsịa na ọgwụgwọ nke cyanide - nwere ihe ndị dị na ya, e nwere ihe ize ndụ nke ịmepụta nsị site - ngwaahịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe cyanide na-agbaze, enwere ike ịmepụta cyanogen chloride, nke na-egbu egbu. Iji dozie nsogbu a, ọ dị mkpa ịchịkwa ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume kwesịrị ekwesị nke ọma. N'ihe banyere cyanide oxidation, ịnọgide na-enwe gburugburu alkaline nwere ike igbochi ịmepụta cyanogen chloride. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ekwesịrị ịwụnye usoro ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na nke gas na ebe a na-emepụta ihe iji zere ikpokọta gas na-egbu egbu.

Ike dị elu na oriri reagent

Usoro chlorination na-achọkarị ike ụfọdụ maka ikpo ọkụ, mkpali na akụrụngwa arụ ọrụ. Na mgbakwunye, iji ọgwụ chlorinating na reagents ndị ọzọ na-ebutekwa ụgwọ. Iji belata ike na reagent oriri, usoro njikarịcha nwere ike rụrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na ịkwalite arụmọrụ mmeghachi omume site n'ịkwalite ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume, ibelata oge kpo oku na-enweghị isi, na imeziwanye ọnụọgụ nke reagents site na nhazi usoro na njikwa ka mma.

mmechi

Usoro chlorination bụ usoro na-ekwe nkwa maka ịgwọ sludge ọla edo cyanide. Ọ na-ejikọta mgbake nke ọla ndị bara uru na nsị nke cyanide - ihe nwere ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ụfọdụ ihe ịma aka na ngwa ya, na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke nkà na ụzụ na ịnakwere ngwọta kwesịrị ekwesị, usoro chlorination nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na-arịwanye elu na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ọla edo, na-enye aka na ma uru akụ na ụba na nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi.