Ọdịiche dị n'etiti Sodium Ferrocyanide na Sodium Cyanide

N'ihe gbasara kemistri, Sodium Ferrocyanide na Sodium Cyanide bụ ihe abụọ mejupụtara ha, n'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ụfọdụ ihe mejupụtara ha, ha nwere njirimara dị iche iche. Ịghọta ọdịiche ndị a dị oke mkpa, ma ọ bụ n'ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, nyocha sayensị, ma ọ bụ n'ihe gbasara nchekwa.

Usoro kemịkalụ na usoro

Sodium Ferrocyanide

Sodium ferrocyanide nwere usoro kemịkalụ Na₄Fe (CN)₆. O nwere atom nke etiti (Fe) nke jikọtara ya na cyanide isii (CN) ligands, yana ion sodium (Na⁺) anọ na-edozi ụgwọ ọjọọ niile nke anion mgbagwoju anya [Fe (CN)₆]⁻. N'ụdị hydrated ya, ọ na-apụtakarị dị ka Na₄Fe(CN)₆·10H₂O. Ngwakọta nhazi a na-enye sodium ferrocyanide kemịkalụ na akụrụngwa pụrụ iche.

sodium cyanide

Sodium cyanide, nke nwere usoro NaCN, bụ ngwakọta ionic dị mfe karị. Ọ mejupụtara ion sodium (Na⁺) na cyanide ion (CN⁻). Ion cyanide bụ ụdị na-emeghachi omume nke ukwuu, nke na-enye aka nke ukwuu na ihe mejupụtara ya, ọkachasị nsi ya.

Njirimara ahụ

ọdịdị

Sodium ferrocyanide na-adịkarị ka ihe siri ike na-acha odo odo. Agba odo bụ ihe e ji mara ferrocyanide anion. N'ụzọ dị iche, sodium cyanide na-apụta dị ka ihe siri ike na-acha ọcha, ọtụtụ mgbe n'ụdị granules ma ọ bụ ntụ ntụ.

Solubility

Sodium ferrocyanide na-agbaze n'ime mmiri, mana mmanya na-aba n'anya anaghị eme ya. Mgbe agbazere na mmiri, ọ na-ekewa n'ime ion ndị mejupụtara ya, gụnyere mgbagwoju anya [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ anion. Sodium cyanide, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-agbaze nke ukwuu na mmiri ma na-agbaze na ihe mgbaze ndị ọzọ dị ka ethanol. Ọ na-ekewa ngwa ngwa n'ime mmiri iji hapụ ion sodium na ion cyanide, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa na mmeghachi omume ya na nsị.

Ebe na-agbaze na esi esi

Sodium ferrocyanide enweghị ebe mgbaze nke akọwapụtara nke ọma n'echiche ọdịnala. Mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ, mmiri na-agwụ ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-amalite ịlafu ụmụ irighiri mmiri n'ihe dịka 50ºC, na 81.5 Celsius, ọ na-aghọ mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ. Igwe ọkụ ọzọ na 435 Celsius na-eduga na ire ere ya. Sodium cyanide nwere ebe mgbaze nke 564ºC yana ebe esi esi 1469°C. Ebe mgbaze ndị a dị oke elu na isi ihe bụ n'ihi njikọ ion siri ike dị na ogige ahụ.

Mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ

Reactivity na Acids

Sodium ferrocyanide kwụsiri ike ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ka asịd ndị a gwakọtara agwakọta, ndị na-anaghị ekpo ọkụ. Agbanyeghị, mgbe e tinyere ya na asịd ndị a gwakọtara agwakọta, ọ nwere ike ịgbaze iji mepụta gas hydrogen cyanide n'efu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ebe siri ike, mmeghachi omume ndị a nwere ike ime: Na₄Fe(CN)₆ + 6H₂SO₄ (a chịkọtara, esi) → 6HCN + 2FeSO₄ + 3Na₂SO₄ + 6H₂O. Sodium cyanide na-emeghachi omume nke ukwuu na asịd. Ọbụna asịd ndị na-adịghị ike nwere ike imeghachi omume na ya iji mepụta gas hydrogen cyanide, nke na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu. Mmeghachi omume a bụ ndị a: NaCN + HCl → NaCl + HCN↑. Mmeghachi omume dị elu a na asịd na-eme ka Sodium cyanide bụrụ ihe dị ize ndụ ma e nwee ihe ndị a na-akpọ acidic.

Mmeghachi omume Oxidation na Mbelata

Enwere ike ịgbaze sodium ferrocyanide n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. N'ihu ihe ndị na-eme ka oxidation sie ike, enwere ike ịgbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbagwoju anya ígwè (III) dịka ferricyanide. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmeghachi omume na oxidant kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike ịgbanwe [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ ka ọ bụrụ [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻. Sodium cyanide nwekwara ike isonye na mmeghachi omume oxidation. N'ihu oxygen na ụfọdụ ihe na-akpali akpali, enwere ike ịgbaze ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ihu hydrogen peroxide, mmeghachi omume ahụ nwere ike ịbụ: NaCN + H₂O₂ → NaCNO + H₂O (mgbe hydrogen peroxide dị obere). Mmeghachi omume ọzọ na oke hydrogen peroxide nwere ike ịgbanwe sodium cyanate (NaCNO) ka ọ bụrụ sodium bi Carbon ate (NaHCO₃) na ammonia (NH₃).

Nhazi mgbagwoju anya

Sodium ferrocyanide bụ n'onwe ya ihe mgbagwoju anya. Ọ nwere ike meghachi omume na ion ọla ndị ọzọ iji mepụta ogige nhazi ọhụrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ị na-eji nnu iron (III) na-emeghachi omume, ọ na-etolite pigmenti miri emi-acha anụnụ anụnụ a na-akpọ Prussian blue, na usoro kemịkal Fe₄ [Fe(CN)₆]₃. Sodium cyanide nwekwara ike ịmepụta ogige nwere ion ọla dị iche iche. Na mmịpụta nke ọla edo na ọlaọcha, dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji sodium cyanide na-emepụta metal soluble - cyanide complexes. Gold (Au) na-emeghachi omume na sodium cyanide n'ihu ikuku oxygen na-emepụta ion mgbagwoju anya [Au (CN)₂]⁻: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na [Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH.

Mgbu

Sodium Ferrocyanide

N'agbanyeghị nwere cyanide ligands, sodium ferrocyanide nwere obere nsi. Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo ekpebiwo na oriri sodium ferrocyanide a na-anabata kwa ụbọchị bụ 0 - 0.025 mg / kg nke arọ ahụ. Ihe kpatara nsi ya dị ala bụ na cyanide ligands na sodium ferrocyanide na-ejikọta ya na atom nke etiti dị na anion mgbagwoju anya. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, ọ naghị ahapụ ngwa ngwa cyanide ion free, nke bụ ụdị na-egbu egbu. Otú ọ dị, na ọnụnọ nke acids siri ike ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ìhè ultraviolet, ọ nwere ike ire ere iji mepụta hydrogen cyanide gas, nke na-egbu egbu.

sodium cyanide

Sodium cyanide bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha egbu egbu mara. Ọ na-egbu mmadụ na anụmanụ nke ukwuu. Mgbe etinyere ya, kuru ya, ma ọ bụ banye n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ, sodium cyanide nwere ike ịhapụ ion cyanide (CN⁻) n'ime ahụ. Ion cyanide ndị a nwere ike jikọta na atom ígwè dị na cytochrome c oxidase, enzyme na-etinye aka na iku ume cellular. Njikọ a na-egbochi ọrụ enzyme, na-egbochi mkpụrụ ndụ iji oxygen mee ihe nke ọma, na-eduga na asphyxiation cellular. Ọbụna obere ego, dị ka 0.1 - 0.3 grams, nwere ike igbu mmadụ.

ngwa

Sodium Ferrocyanide

• Ụlọ Ọrụ Nri : N'ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere United States na ndị dị na European Union, a na-eji sodium ferrocyanide eme ihe dị ka ihe na-egbochi achịcha na nnu tebụl. Ọ na-enyere aka ime ka nnu ghara ịgba ọsọ site na igbochi mkpụkọ. Oke kachasị ekwe omume nke sodium ferrocyanide dị na nnu na-agbanwe site na mpaghara mana a na-achịkwa ya nke ọma iji hụ na nchekwa dị.

• Ngwa Ụlọ Ọrụ : A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe mkpuchi dị n'elu mkpanaka ịgbado ọkụ sie ike. N'ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala, enwere ike iji ya wepụ mercaptans, nke bụ sọlfọ - nke nwere ihe ndị nwere ike ibute isi ọjọọ na nsogbu nchara.

• Njikọ Kemịkalụ : Enwere ike iji Sodium ferrocyanide mee ihe dị ka ihe mmalite n'imepụta ihe ndị ọzọ dị mgbagwoju anya na agba, dị ka Prussian blue.

sodium cyanide

• Ụlọ Ọrụ Ngwuputa Ihe : A na-eji sodium cyanide eme ihe nke ukwuu n'iwepụta ọlaedo na ọlaọcha. N'usoro cyanidation, a na-eji sodium cyanide gwọọ ọla edo na ọlaọcha. A na-agbaze ọlaedo na ọlaọcha na ngwọta cyanide dị ka ihe mejupụtara ígwè - cyanide, nke enwere ike kewaa ma hazie ya ọzọ iji nweta ọla dị ọcha.

• Njikọ Kemịkalụ : A na-eji ya dị ka ihe mmalite n'ime njikọta nke ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị ndụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iji ya webata otu cyanide (-CN) ka ọ bụrụ molekul organic, nke enwere ike ịgbanwe gaa na otu ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ dịka carboxylic acid, amine, ma ọ bụ aldehydes site na mmeghachi omume ndị na-esote.

• Electroplating : N'ime usoro electroplating, enwere ike iji sodium cyanide mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọ na-enyere aka ijikwa ntinye nke ion ígwè n'elu ihe ahụ, na-ahụ na plating ahụ dị nro ma dịkwa otu. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi nnukwu nsí ya, a na-emepụta usoro electroplating ndị ọzọ na-abụghị cyanide.

Nchekwa na ijikwa

Sodium Ferrocyanide

Mgbe ị na-ejikwa sodium ferrocyanide, ụlọ nyocha ọkọlọtọ ma ọ bụ usoro nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ịgbaso. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị iyi ihe nchebe onwe ha kwesịrị ekwesị, dị ka uwe aka na ugogbe nchekwa. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere obere toxicity n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, a ga-echekwa ya n'ebe dị jụụ, nke kpọrọ nkụ na-esi na acids na isi iyi nke ìhè ultraviolet iji gbochie ịmepụta gas cyanide hydrogen na-egbu egbu. Ọ bụrụ na ikpughe akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọ bụ anya na mberede, a ga-eji mmiri sachaa ebe ahụ emetụtara nke ọma, a ga-achọkwa nlekọta ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na iwe na-aga n'ihu.

sodium cyanide

Ijikwa sodium cyanide chọrọ usoro nchekwa siri ike. A na-ahazi ya dị ka ihe na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, a na-ahazikwa nchekwa ya, njem ya na ojiji ya. Ndị ọrụ ga-eyiri uwe nchebe pụrụ iche, gụnyere ngwa iku ume nke onwe, kemịkal - suut na-eguzogide ọgwụ, na uwe aka. Ekwesịrị ịchekwa sodium cyanide n'ebe echekwara nke ọma, nke ikuku na-adịghị na acid, ihe ndị na-eme ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, na isi mmalite okpomọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na wụfuo ma ọ bụ ntọhapụ, ịpụpụ ebe ahụ ozugbo dị mkpa, a ga-akpọkwa ndị otu nzaghachi mberede. Ekwesịrị ịgbaso usoro pụrụ iche, dị ka iji hydrogen peroxide mee ka sodium cyanide kwụsị n'ihe gbasara mwụfu, iji belata ohere ikpughe na gas hydrogen cyanide na-egbu egbu.

N'ikpeazụ, sodium ferrocyanide na sodium cyanide, ebe ha abụọ nwere cyanide - ihe ndị metụtara ya, nwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'ụdị kemịkal ha, ihe anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal, ọkwa nsi, ngwa na nchekwa chọrọ. Nghọta kwesịrị ekwesị na njikwa nke ogige ndị a dị mkpa na mpaghara dị iche iche iji hụ na nchekwa na iji dị irè.