Udindo wa Leaching Aids mu Sodium Cyanide Gold Extraction

Introduction

Kuchotsa cyanide kwakhala njira yodziwika bwino yochotsera golide chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwake bwino komanso mtengo wake wotsika. Komabe, njirayi ili ndi zovuta zake, monga kufunika kochotsa nthawi yayitali, kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide yambiri , komanso kupezeka kwa mchere wosasunthika womwe ungalepheretse kusungunuka kwa golide. Apa ndi pomwe zothandizira kuchotsa golide zimagwira ntchito. Zothandizira kuchotsa golide ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ku yankho la kuchotsa cyanide kuti ziwonjezere kutulutsa golide, zomwe zimapereka njira yothandiza komanso yotsika mtengo yochotsera golide.

Momwe Leaching Aids Amagwirira Ntchito

Kuchulukitsa Oxygen Wosungunuka

Imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri zothandizira leaching ndikuwonjezera mpweya wosungunuka mu njira ya cyanide. Kuti golide asungunuke muzitsulo za cyanide, mpweya umafunika ngati wothandizila okosijeni kuti athandizire kutulutsa kwa golide ndi kuphatikiza kwake ndi ma cyanide ions. M’mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, mpweya wotuluka mumpweya umakhala wosakwanira, zimene zimachepetsa mlingo umene golide amasungunuka. Zothandizira zotulutsa ngati ma peroxides ndi sulfates zimatha kusweka ndikutulutsa mpweya, kuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya wosungunuka ukhale wochuluka mu slurry. Mwachitsanzo, hydrogen peroxide imawola kuti ipereke gwero lina la okosijeni kuti ichitike pakati pa golide ndi cyanide.

Kupanga Ma cell a Galvanic (Heavy Metal Salts)

Mchere wina wa zitsulo zolemera, monga mchere wa lead, mchere wa MERCURY , ndi mchere wa bismuth, ukhoza kugwira ntchito ngati leaching popanga maselo am'deralo a galvanic. Mukawonjezera ku cyanide slurry, zitsulo zolemera izi zimayikidwa pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide. Izi zimapangitsa kusiyana pakati pa golide ndi chitsulo cholemera chomwe chasungidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide asungunuke mwachangu. Golide amagwira ntchito ngati anode komwe kumapezeka oxidation, ndipo malo okhala ndi chitsulo cholemera amagwira ntchito ngati cathode. Njira yofanana ndi yamagetsi iyi imafulumizitsa kwambiri liwiro lomwe golide amatulutsidwa.

Kuchotsa Chelation ndi Zonyansa

Zithandizo zina zotulutsa zimatha kumangirira kapena kuchotsa zonyansa zomwe zimapezeka mu ore zomwe zingasokoneze njira ya cyanide leaching. Mu ores okhala ndi ayoni achitsulo monga mkuwa, zinki, chitsulo, zonyansazi zimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide, kuzidya ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka komwe kulipo pakusungunuka kwa golide. Chelating agents mu leaching aids amapanga zokhazikika zokhala ndi ayoni odetsedwawa, kuwasunga kutali ndikulepheretsa momwe amachitira ndi cyanide. Izi sizimangochepetsa kumwa kwa cyanide komanso kumathandizira kuti ntchito yonse ya golide - leaching itheke.

Mitundu ya Zothandizira Kutulutsa ndi Maudindo Ake enieni

Maofesi Othandizira

1.Mapiritsi

• Hydrogen Peroxide : Hydrogen peroxide ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandizira kwambiri zochotsera poizoni. Imatha kuwonjezera mwachangu kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungunuka mu cyanide solution. Mu mafakitale, kuwonjezera hydrogen peroxide ku cyanide leaching system kungafupikitse kwambiri nthawi yochotsera poizoni. Mwachitsanzo, m'migodi ina ya golide, nthawi yochotsera poizoni imatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 50% pamene hydrogen peroxide ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati leaching aid. Imathandizanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide chifukwa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wa golide kumalola kuti cyanide igwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.

• Calcium Peroxide : Calcium peroxide ndi yothandiza kwambiri m'matanthwe okhala ndi sulfure yambiri. Imawola pang'onopang'ono kuposa hydrogen peroxide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya utuluke nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa cyanide ndi mchere wokhala ndi sulfure. M'matanthwe agolide okhala ndi sulfure yambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito calcium peroxide ngati chothandizira kutulutsa golide kungayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa 10 - 15% poyerekeza ndi kuchotsedwa kwa cyanide mwachizolowezi.

• Barium Peroxide : Barium peroxide ili ndi mphamvu yapadera yopereka mpweya wotuluka pang'onopang'ono komanso mokhazikika. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mpweya wosungunuka nthawi zonse umakhala wambiri mu slurry kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa golide kumawonjezeka motsatizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa barium peroxide, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide kumakhalabe kokhazikika. Ndikosavuta kukonzekera ndikugwiritsa ntchito pantchito zochizira migodi.

2.Persulfates

• Persulfates ndi amphamvu oxidizing wothandizira. Akawonjezeredwa ku cyanide leaching system, amawonongeka kuti apange ma radicals amphamvu kwambiri a sulphate. Ma radicals awa amatha kutulutsa golide mogwira mtima kuposa mpweya wa mamolekyulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa golide. Nthawi zina, kusungunuka kwa golide kumatha kuchulukitsidwa mpaka 8 - kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi cyanide leaching wamba wokhala ndi mpweya ngati gwero la okosijeni.

Heavy Metal Salts

1.Lead Salts

• Mchere wamchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa cyanide. Mu ores okhala ndi mchere wa sulfide monga pyrite ndi arsenopyrite, mcherewu ukhoza kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide ndi okosijeni, kuwawononga ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya leaching ya golide. Mchere wotsogolera ukhoza kupanga malo osanjikiza pamwamba pa mchere wa sulfide, kulepheretsa momwe amachitira ndi cyanide ndi mpweya. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutsogolera kumatha kupanga selo la galvanic ndi golidi, kulimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa golide. Mu chomera cha cyanide cha ku Canada, powonjezera mchere wotsogolera ndikusunga mpweya wabwino wosungunuka, zotsatira zoyipa za mchere wa sulfide pa cyanidation zidagonjetsedwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti golide achuluke ndi 10 - 15%.

2.Mchere wa Mercury ndi Bismuth

• Mchere wa Mercury ndi mchere wa bismuth zimathanso kugwira ntchito ngati zolimbikitsira kutulutsa kwa cyanide. Mofanana ndi mchere wa lead, zimatha kupanga maselo a galvanic ndi golide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kukhale kwakukulu. Komabe, chifukwa cha poizoni wa Mercury komanso mtengo wokwera wa bismuth, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumakhala kochepa poyerekeza ndi mchere wa lead. Koma nthawi zina pomwe miyalayo ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera, mchere uwu ukhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi wothandiza kuchotsa kutayikira.

Chelating Agents ndi Ena

1.Citric Acid

• Citric acid ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira kuchotsa golide wa Cyanide . Mu miyala yokhala ndi ma ayoni achitsulo monga mkuwa, zinc, chitsulo, ma ayoni awa amatha kudya cyanide ndi mpweya, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kuchotsa golide. Citric acid imatha kugwirizana ndi ma ayoni achitsulo awa, ndikupanga ma complexes okhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, imapanga copper-citrate complex. Izi sizimangochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide ndi mpweya ndi ma ayoni odetsedwa awa komanso zimathandiza kufalitsa mchere wa gangue, ndikukonza malo onse ochotsera golide. Mu zoyeserera zina za labotale, kuwonjezera citric acid ku yankho la kuchotsa golide la cyanide kunawonjezera kuchira kwa golide ndi 5 - 10%.

2.Amonia - zochokera Compounds

• Nthawi zina, mankhwala opangidwa ndi ammonia amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zothandizira, makamaka mu ores okhala ndi mchere wamkuwa - golide. Ammonia amatha kupanga ma complex ndi ayoni amkuwa, kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa mkuwa mu cyanide leaching ya golide. Posintha chiŵerengero cha ammonia - cyanide mu njira yothetsera leaching, ndizotheka kusungunula golide mwachisawawa pamene kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa mkuwa, komwe kumapindulitsa pa njira zotsatila golide.

Milandu Yothandizira

1.Mu Mgodi wa Golide ku Australia

• Mgodiwu unkakonza miyala ya golide wa golide wotsika kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kwa hydrogen peroxide ndi mchere wamchere monga zothandizira leaching, kusintha kwakukulu kunatheka. Kutulutsa kwa golide kwakwera ndi 8 - 10% poyerekeza ndi leaching yachikhalidwe ya cyanide. Kuwonjezera kwa hydrogen peroxide kunapereka mpweya wowonjezera, kupititsa patsogolo kutsekemera kwa golide, pamene mchere wotsogolera unkalepheretsa kuwononga kwa mchere wa sulfide. Kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide kudachepetsedwanso pafupifupi 20%, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri.

2.Mgodi wa Golide waku China Wothana ndi Ores Ovuta

• Miyala ya mu mgodi umenewu munali zonyansa zambiri za mkuwa ndi chitsulo. Pogwiritsa ntchito citric acid monga chothandizira pakutulutsa cyanide, chiwopsezo chobwezeretsa golide chinakwera kuchoka pa 70% mpaka 78%. Citric acid womangidwa ndi ayoni zamkuwa ndi chitsulo, kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwawo mu golide - cyanide reaction. Nthawi ya leaching inachepetsedwanso pang'ono, kupititsa patsogolo zokolola zonse za ntchito ya migodi.

Zolingalira pakusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Leaching Aids

1.Ore Makhalidwe

• Mapangidwe a miyalayi ndi ofunikira kwambiri pozindikira thandizo loyenera la leaching. Pamwamba pa miyala ya sulfure, oxidizing monga calcium peroxide kapena barium peroxide angakhale abwino kwambiri chifukwa sangangopereka mpweya wokha komanso amachepetsa mphamvu ya sulfure. Mu ores okhala ndi ma ayoni achitsulo odetsedwa kwambiri, ma chelating agents monga citric acid kapena ammonia-based compounds ayenera kuganiziridwa.

2.Cost - kuchita bwino

• Mtengo wa chithandizo cha leaching, kuphatikizapo mtengo wake wogula, mayendedwe, ndi kusungirako, uyenera kuwunikidwa. Zothandizira zina, monga mchere wina wa bismuth, zingakhale zothandiza koma zokwera mtengo. Zikatero, kulinganiza pakati pa mtengo ndi kuwongolera kwa kubwezeredwa kwa golide kumafunika kuchitidwa. Kuonjezera apo, kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cyanide ndi nthawi yotulutsa madzi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zochepetsera kuyeneranso kuphatikizidwa pamtengo - kuwunika momwe ntchito ikuyendera.

3.Environmental Impact

• Popeza kuyamwa kwa cyanide kumakhudza kale chilengedwe chifukwa cha poizoni wa cyanide, kusankha njira yothandizira kuyamwa kuyeneranso kuganizira za momwe imakhudzira chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zina zopangitsa kuti ma oxidants atuluke zimatha kupanga zinthu zomwe zimafunika kukonzedwa bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wa mercury , ngakhale kuti nthawi zina kumathandiza, kumakhala kocheperako chifukwa cha poizoni wawo waukulu komanso zoopsa zachilengedwe.

Kutsiliza

Zothandizira zotsitsa zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa golide wa cyanide. Atha kupititsa patsogolo bwino ntchito ya leaching powonjezera kuchira kwa golide, kuchepetsa nthawi yotulutsa, komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide. Pomvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zothandizira leaching, njira zawo zogwirira ntchito, komanso momwe angasankhire zoyenera kwambiri potengera mikhalidwe ya ore, ochita migodi a golide amatha kukhathamiritsa ntchito zawo. Pamene kufunikira kwa golidi kukukulirakulira, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira potulutsa cyanide kufalikira kwambiri, zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale njira zokhazikika komanso zogwira mtima zamigodi ya golide.