Ntchito Yopanga Kuchitira Madzi a Sodium Cyanide ndi Hydrogen Peroxide

Introduction

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga migodi, electroplating, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Komabe, madzi otayidwa omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku njirazi amakhala ndi cyanide yambiri, yomwe imawopseza kwambiri chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu ngati sanasamalidwe bwino. Chithandizo cha hydrogen peroxide chakhala njira yothandiza komanso yotetezeka yothanirana ndi madzi otayidwa -Sodium Cyanide . Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za njira zopangira kugwiritsa ntchito Hydrogen Peroxide pochiza madzi otayidwa otere, kuyambira mfundo zoyankhira mpaka njira zenizeni zogwirira ntchito.

Zimene Mungachite

Kutsekemera kwa Cyanide ndi Hydrogen Peroxide

Kachitidwe ka hydrogen peroxide ndi Sodium Cyanide kamachitika chifukwa cha njira yochepetsera kukhuthala kwa okosijeni. Mu madzi, hydrogen peroxide imagwira ntchito ngati chinthu chowonjezera kukhuthala kwa okosijeni. Imachulukitsa okosijeni kwa ayoni ya cyanide kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni wambiri. Pazifukwa zoyenera, hydrogen peroxide imaswa mgwirizano wamphamvu mkati mwa ayoni ya cyanide. Mpweya womwe uli mu cyanide umasungunuka kukhala wokhuthala kwambiri, ndikupanga ayoni yopanda poizoni wambiri, ndipo nayitrogeni imatulutsidwa ngati mpweya. Kachitidwe kameneka n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kamachepetsa kwambiri poizoni wa madzi otayidwa.

Ntchito ya Catalysts (Mwasankha)

Nthawi zina, zothandizira zitha kuwonjezeredwa kuti zifulumizitse zomwe zimachitika pakati pa hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, ma ion achitsulo osinthika amatha kukhala ngati chothandizira munjira yofananira ndi Fenton reaction. Zothandizira zimachepetsa chotchinga cha mphamvu zomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makutidwe a okosijeni a cyanide achitike mwachangu pa kutentha kochepa komanso osagwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide. Komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito chothandizira, zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa chothandizira chomwe chawonjezeredwa, kuwongolera pH, ndi kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri komwe kungachitike kuchokera ku zotsalira za catalyst ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala.

Kuyenda kwa Njira mu Ntchito Yopanga

Kukonzekera kwa Madzi Owonongeka

Madzi otayira asanayambe kuperekedwa kwa hydrogen peroxide, madzi otayira okhala ndi sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri amafunika kukonzedwa pasadakhale. Gawoli likufuna kusintha pH ya madzi otayira kukhala yoyenerera. Nthawi zambiri, pH imasinthidwa kukhala ya alkaline pang'ono, pafupifupi 8 - 10. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti Oxidation Reaction pakati pa hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'malo okhala ndi alkaline. Kuphatikiza apo, kukonzedwa pasadakhale kungaphatikizepo kuchotsa zinyalala zazikulu, zinthu zolimba zomwe zapachikidwa, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingasokoneze njira yochizira yotsatira. Njira zosefera monga zosefera zamchenga kapena zosefera za nembanemba zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pachifukwa ichi.

Hydrogen Peroxide Kuwonjezera

Kuchuluka koyenera kwa hydrogen peroxide kumawonjezeredwa ku madzi otayidwa omwe adakonzedwa kale. Mlingo wa hydrogen peroxide umatsimikiziridwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayidwa. Kawirikawiri, kuwerengera kumachitika kaye malinga ndi momwe mankhwala amagwirira ntchito. Koma popanga zenizeni, hydrogen peroxide yochulukirapo nthawi zambiri imawonjezeredwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti cyanide yasungunuka bwino. Kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 30% - 50%. Kuonjezera hydrogen peroxide kumatha kuchitika kudzera m'mapampu oyezera, omwe amatha kuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide yomwe imalowa mu thanki ya Wastewater Treatment.

Kuchita ndi Kusakaniza

Mukathira hydrogen peroxide, madzi otayira ayenera kusakanizidwa bwino kuti awonetsetse kuti hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide alumikizana. Kusakaniza kungapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa makina, makina osakanikirana ndi mpweya, kapena kuphatikiza zonsezi. Nthawi yochitapo imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zinthu monga ndende yoyambira ya cyanide, kutentha, ndi kukhalapo kwa zoyambitsa. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yochitira zinthu imatha kuyambira maola angapo mpaka maora khumi ndi awiri. Nthawi imeneyi, zimene kutentha ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zomwe zimachitikazo zimatha kutentha kutentha, kuonjezera kutentha mkati mwamtundu wina (nthawi zambiri osapitirira 50 ° C) kungathe kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitika. Komabe, kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa hydrogen peroxide, kuchepetsa mphamvu yake pochiza cyanide.

Post - chithandizo

Zomwezo zikatha, njira zochiritsira ndizofunikira. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri - chithandizo ndikuchotsa otsalira a hydrogen peroxide. Kuchulukira kwa hydrogen peroxide m'madzi otayira oyeretsedwa kumatha kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kutha kusokoneza njira zotsatiridwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati madzi onyansawo akuyenera kuthiriridwanso mu njira yopangira mankhwala. hydrogen peroxide yotsalira imatha kuwola powonjezera zochepetsera monga sodium sulfite kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowola. Pambuyo kuchotsa otsala wa hydrogen peroxide, madzi otayidwa mankhwala ndiye akukumana olimba - madzi kulekana kuchotsa precipitates kapena inaimitsidwa zolimba anapanga pa ndondomeko mankhwala. Matanki osungunuka, zida zoyandama, kapena zosefera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa izi. Potsirizira pake, madzi otayira oyeretsedwa amawunikidwa kuti awone ngati ndende ya cyanide ikugwirizana ndi zoyenera kutulutsa.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuchita Bwino kwa Chithandizo

PH Mtengo

Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka kwa pH yamadzi otayidwa kumakhudza kwambiri machiritso a hydrogen peroxide. M'malo a acidic, hydrogen peroxide imatha kuwola mwachangu kukhala madzi ndi mpweya, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake yotulutsa cyanide. Kumbali inayi, m'malo amchere kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa momwe hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide kungakhudzire. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa pH wa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide nthawi zambiri zimakhala mozungulira 8 - 10. pomwe zomwe zimachitika zimatha kupitilira bwino ndikuwola kwa hydrogen peroxide kumachepetsedwa.

kutentha

Kutentha kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuthamanga. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti hydrogen peroxide ndi cyanide zigwirizane. Komabe, pamene kutentha kumakwera, kuwola kwa hydrogen peroxide kumakhalanso kofunika kwambiri. Kutentha kukapitirira 50 ° C, kuwola kwa hydrogen peroxide kumatha kukhala kofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide yomwe imapezeka mu oxidizing cyanide. Choncho, pakupanga kothandiza, kutentha kumafunika kuyang'aniridwa mosamala mkati mwazokwanira kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino komanso kukhazikika kwa hydrogen peroxide.

Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide ndi Hydrogen Peroxide

Kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi onyansa kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide komwe kumafunikira kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni athunthu. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide kumafunikira hydrogen peroxide yambiri. Ngati mlingo wa hydrogen peroxide ndi wosakwanira, makutidwe ndi okosijeni a cyanide adzakhala osakwanira, zomwe zimabweretsa madzi otayira oyeretsedwa omwe sakugwirizana ndi miyezo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuwonjezera hydrogen peroxide wochuluka sikungowonjezera mtengo wamankhwala komanso kumafuna post yovuta kwambiri - mankhwala kuti achotse owonjezera. Choncho, kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayira ndikusintha moyenera mlingo wa hydrogen peroxide ndikofunikira kuti muchiritse bwino.

Nkhani Yophunzira M'makampani a Migodi

Pochita migodi ya golide, sodium cyanide yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa golide, kupanga cyanide yochuluka - yomwe imakhala ndi madzi oipa. Mgodiyo udatengera njira yopangira mankhwala a hydrogen peroxide. Choyamba, madzi otayira anasonkhanitsidwa m’thanki yaikulu yosungiramo zinthu. pH ya madzi otayidwa idasinthidwa kukhala 9 pogwiritsa ntchito laimu. Kenako, 35% ya hydrogen peroxide idawonjezedwa m'madzi otayidwa kudzera pampope yoyezera. Kuchuluka kowonjezerako kunawerengedwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi onyansa, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono kuti kuwonetsetse kuti okosijeni wathunthu.

Madzi otayira adasakanizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma agitator kwa maola 8. Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwa machitidwewa kunasungidwa pafupifupi 35 ° C kupyolera mu kuzizira ndi kutentha. Pambuyo pazimenezi, sodium sulfite inawonjezeredwa kuti iwononge hydrogen peroxide yotsalira. Madzi otayira oyeretsedwawo amatumizidwa ku thanki ya sedimentation kuti asiyanitse zolimba - zamadzimadzi. Wopambana kwambiri adawunikidwa, ndipo zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'madzi otayidwa adatsika kuchokera pamtengo woyambira wa 500 mg / L mpaka kuchepera 0.5 mg / L, kukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mlanduwu ukuwonetsa mphamvu ya chithandizo cha hydrogen peroxide muzochitika zenizeni zamakampani padziko lonse lapansi.

Kutsiliza

Kuchiza madzi otayidwa a Sodium Cyanide pogwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide ndi njira yothandiza komanso yothandiza popanga mafakitale. Mwa kumvetsetsa mfundo za momwe zinthu zimachitikira, kukonza kayendedwe kake, komanso kuwongolera zinthu zofunika monga pH, kutentha, ndi kuchuluka kwa reagent, chithandizo chapamwamba cha madzi otayidwa okhala ndi cyanide chingathe kuchitika. Komabe, kuyang'anira ndi kusintha kosalekeza kumafunika panthawi yopanga kuti zitsimikizire kuti chithandizocho chikuyenda bwino komanso kutsatira malamulo azachilengedwe. Pamene zofunikira zachilengedwe zikuchulukirachulukira, njira yochizira madzi otayidwa a sodium cyanide pogwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide ikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri poteteza chilengedwe.