Ngaba uyazi konke ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide?

I-sodium cyanide, enefomyula yeekhemikhali i-NaCN, yikhompawundi edla ngokubangela ingqiqo ngenxa yokuba inetyhefu ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino nezekhemikhali. Eli nqaku ligxila ekusetyenzisweni okubanzi kwe- sodium cyanide , ligxininisa ukubaluleka kwayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngelixa ligxininisa nesidingo samanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo.

1. Ishishini lezeMigodi-Ukutsalwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo

Enye yezona ndlela zidumileyo zokusebenzisa iSodium Cyanide kushishino lwemigodi , ingakumbi ekutsaleni igolide nesilivere. Igolide, ekubeni iyintsimbi engasebenziyo kangako, inomdla omkhulu kwii-ion ze-cyanide. Xa kukho ioksijini namanzi, i-sodium cyanide isabela negolide kwi-ore. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyanidation, ivumela igolide ukuba ichithwe kwisisombululo se-cyanide, yahlule kwezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-ore. I-complex yegolide-cyanide ephumayo ingaqhubekeka isetyenzwa ukuze kubuyiselwe igolide ecocekileyo. Isilivere nayo ingakhutshwa ngendlela efanayo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kunye neendleko eziphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokukhupha. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide ngononophelo olukhulu kwimisebenzi yemigodi ukuthintela ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokwenzakalisa abasebenzi.

2. Uvelwano lweMichiza-Ibhloko yoKwakha yeeNdibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo

I-sodium cyanide isebenza njengesiseko sokwakha ekuvelisweni kweekhemikhali . Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeekhemikhali ezibalulekileyo:

2.1. Ukuveliswa kweeNitriles

IiNitriles ziluhlobo lweekhompawundi ze-organic ezineqela elithile elisebenzayo. I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-nitriles ngendlela yokusabela apho i-cyanide ion ithatha indawo ye-athomu ye-halogen kwi-alkyl halide. IiNitriles zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwamayeza , iikhemikhali zezolimo , kunye neepolymers.

2.2. Ukwenziwa kweCyanuric Chloride

I-Cyanuric chloride yenziwa kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide. Yikhompawundi ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni idayi, izibulali-zinambuzane, kunye neekhemikhali zokunyanga amanzi. I-synthesis ibandakanya uthotho lweempendulo eziqala kwi-sodium cyanide, kwaye isakhiwo sayo esisodwa senza ukuba ibe luncedo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zemichiza.

2.3. Ukulungiswa kwezinye iiCompounds ezisekelwe kwiCyanide

Isodium cyanide ikwasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ezinye iikhompawundi ezisekwe kwicyanide ezifana ne potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide, kunye ne metal cyanides ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zixhobo zifumana izicelo kwi-electroplating, i-metal finishing, kunye ne-catalysts kwi-chemical reactions ezithile.

3. Ishishini le-Electroplating

Kwishishini le -electroplating , i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa ekwenzeni iibhafu ze-electroplating. Iibhafu ze-electroplating ezisekelwe kwi-cyanide ziluncedo kakhulu ekufakeni iintsimbi ezifana nobhedu, isilivere, negolide. Ii-ion ze-cyanide ezikwibhafu zinceda ekubambeni ii-ion zesinyithi, nto leyo enika iingenelo ezininzi. Ivumela ukufakwa kwesinyithi okufanayo kwi-substrate, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-metal coating ibe bushelelezi kwaye inamathele ngakumbi. Ukongeza, inciphisa i-polarization kwi-anode, iqinisekisa ukuba i-metal anode iyanyibilika ngokulinganayo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electroplating kwaye igcina uxinano oluqhubekayo lwee-ion zesinyithi ebhafini. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobuthi be-cyanide, kwenziwa imizamo yokuphuhlisa ezinye iinkqubo ze-electroplating ezingezizo ze-cyanide. Kodwa okwangoku, i-electroplating esekelwe kwi-cyanide isasetyenziswa kakhulu kwezinye iinkqubo apho kufuneka i-plating esemgangathweni ophezulu.

4. I-Organic Synthesis kwi-Pharmaceuticals kunye ne-Agrochemicals

4.1. Amayeza

I-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka kwi-synthesis yamachiza amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ezinye ii-amino acids, eziziibhloko zokwakha iiprotheni. Kwi-synthesis yeziyobisi ezithile, iqela le-cyanide lingangeniswa kwisakhiwo se-molecular usebenzisa i-sodium cyanide njengento yokuqala. Eli qela le-cyanide linokuthi ke litshintshwe ngakumbi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusabela kweekhemikhali ukuze lifumane iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo zeyeza zeyeza.

4.2. Imichiza yezolimo

Kwishishini le-agrochemical, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-pesticides kunye ne-herbicides. Ezinye izitshabalalisi zenziwa kusetyenziswa icyanide - equlathe imidibaniso. Ezi khemikhali zezolimo zinceda ekukhuseleni izityalo kwizitshabalalisi kunye nokhula, ngaloo ndlela zandisa imveliso yezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwimveliso ye-agrochemical kwakhona kufuna ukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemimiselo yokusingqongileyo ukukhusela naziphi na iimpembelelo ezimbi kwi-ecosystem.

5. Ezinye iZicelo

5.1. Ukucocwa kwesinyithi kunye noNyango loMphezulu

I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwesinyithi kunye neenkqubo zonyango lomhlaba. Inokunceda ekususeni umhlwa, isikali, kunye nobunye ukungcola kumphezulu wesinyithi. Kwezinye iimeko, isetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo kunye nezinye iikhemikhali kwisinyithi - ukugqiba imisebenzi yokulungisa umphezulu wesinyithi ukwenzela ukuqhutyelwa phambili okufana nokupeyinta okanye ukugquma.

5.2. I-Rodenticide (usetyenziso olungekho mthethweni kunye noluthintelweyo)

Ngokwembali, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswe njenge-rodenticide ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yengozi egqithisileyo ibeka kwizinto ezingajoliswanga, kubandakanywa nabantu, ukusetyenziswa kwayo njenge-rodenticide kuthintelwe kakhulu okanye kuvalwe kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukuginya ngempazamo okanye ukuchanabeka kwi-sodium cyanide-based rodenticides kunokuba neziphumo ezibi, nto leyo eyenze ibe lukhetho olungamkelekanga lolawulo lwezinambuzane kwiimeko ezininzi.

Iingqwalaselo zoKhuseleko

Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwayo okuninzi, i-sodium cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu. Isenokubulala xa irholiwe, ifunxwe, okanye ifunxwe ngolusu. Xa i-sodium cyanide idibana neeasidi, ikhupha igesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide, eyingozi kakhulu. Kwizicwangciso zemizi-mveliso, iiprothokholi zokhuseleko ezingqongqo zisendaweni yokuphatha i-sodium cyanide. Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, kubandakanya iiglavu, iimaski, kunye nempahla yokuzikhusela. Izixhobo zokugcina i-sodium cyanide zenzelwe ukuthintela nakuphi na ukuvuza okanye ukuvezwa kokufuma kunye ne-asidi. Kwimeko yokuchitheka okanye iingozi, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokutshabalalisa usebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide, enokuthi i-oxidize i-sodium cyanide kwiimveliso ezinetyhefu encinci, ziphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide, nangona inetyhefu yendalo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kususela kwi-extraction yentsimbi exabisekileyo kwimigodi ukuya ekubeni yi-reagent ephambili kwi-chemical synthesis ye-pharmaceuticals kunye ne-agrochemicals. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.