Kufanele Silithole Kanjani Igolide Nge-Sodium Cyanide?

Isingeniso

Ukubuyiswa kwegolide kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide kuyindlela eyamukelwa kabanzi embonini yezimayini nezinsimbi eziyigugu. I-Cyanide inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokwenza ama-complex ancibilikayo ngegolide, okuvumela ukukhishwa kwegolide emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, njengezinsimbi ezisezingeni eliphansi, i-tailings, kanye nemfucuza ethile kagesi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi obuphezulu be- cyanide , le nqubo kumele yenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu kanye nokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemithetho yokuphepha kanye nemvelo.

Umgomo Wokubuyisela Igolide Nge-Sodium Cyanide

Esimweni sayo semvelo, igolide livame ukutholakala lixutshwe namanye amaminerali kuma-ore. Lapho i-Sodium Cyanide ifakwa ku-ore ephethe igolide, kwenzeka ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo namanzi, igolide liphendula ne-cyanide ukuze lakhe i-compound encibilikayo. Lokhu kusabela kuqeda ngempumelelo igolide elingaphakathi kwesisombululo se-cyanide, kulihlukanise namanye amaminerali angancibiliki ku-ore.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ukulungiselela Ore

1. Ukuchoboza Nokugaya : Isinyathelo sokuqala sihilela ukunciphisa usayizi wetshe. Izingcezu ezinkulu zetshe ziqala ngokuchobozwa zibe yizicucu ezincane kusetshenziswa ama-crusher. Ngemva kwalokho, itshe elichoboziwe liyagaywa libe yimpuphu ecolekileyo ezigayweni. Lokhu kwandisa indawo engaphezulu yetshe, okwenza kube nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwezinhlayiya eziqukethe igolide kanye nesisombululo se-cyanide. Isibonelo, emayini yegolide evamile, itshe lingachobozwa libe ngaphansi kuka-10 mm ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqala sokuchoboza bese lichobozwa libe usayizi wezinhlayiya lapho cishe u-80% wezinhlayiya zingaphansi kwama-micrometer angu-75 esigabeni sokugaya.

2. Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokuba Kube Khona (uma kudingeka) : Uma i-ore iqukethe amaminerali e-sulfide noma okunye ukungcola okungaphazamisa inqubo yokukhipha i-cyanide , ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokuba Kube Khona kuyadingeka. Isibonelo, uma kunenani elikhulu le-pyrite ku-ore, ingadla umoya-mpilo kanye ne-cyanide, kuncishiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwegolide. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-ore ingase ithosiwe noma i-bio-oxidation. Ukuthosa kuhilela ukushisa i-ore lapho kukhona umoya ukuze kuthosiwe amaminerali e-sulfide, kuyilapho i-bio-oxidation isebenzisa amabhaktheriya athile ukuze kuthosiwe amaminerali e-sulfide ekushiseni okuphansi ngendlela enobungani nemvelo.

Ukuhamba

1. Ukulungiswa kwesisombululo se-Cyanide : Kulungiswa isisombululo esincibilikisiwe se -Sodium cyanide . Ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-cyanide ngokuvamile kusuka ku-0.05% kuya ku-0.2% (w/v), kuye ngezici ze-ore kanye nokuqukethwe kwegolide. I-lime ivame ukungezwa esixazululweni se-cyanide ukuze kulungiswe i-pH ibe ngu-10 - 11. Le ndawo ene-alkaline isiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwegesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide futhi ikhuthaza nokuncibilika kwegolide.

2. Inqubo Yokukhipha Itshe : Itshe elisemhlabathini lixutshwa nesixazululo se-cyanide ematangini amakhulu noma ngokusebenzisa ukucushwa kwetshe eliyinqwaba. Ekukhishweni kwetshe, ingxube yetshe eliyinqwaba iyanyakaziswa, kungaba ngomshini noma ngomjovo womoya, ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezithwala igolide kanye ne-cyanide, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe izinga lokusabela. Ekukhishweni kwetshe eliyinqwaba, okufaneleka kakhulu kumatshe aphansi, itshe elichotshoziwe lifakwa epanini elingangeni, bese isixazululo se-cyanide sifuthwa phezu kwetshe. Isixazululo singena etsheni, sincibilikise igolide njengoba liqhubeka. Inqubo yokukhipha itshe ingahlala noma kuphi kusukela emahoreni amaningana kuya ezinsukwini eziningana, kuye ngezici ezifana nohlobo lwetshe eliyinqwaba, usayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nezimo zokukhipha itshe.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Solids kanye ne-Liquids

Ukulandela inqubo yokucwilisa, udaka oluvelayo luqukethe imfucuza eqinile (tailings) kanye nesisombululo esiqukethe igolide - i-cyanide compound. Ukuhlukanisa izingxenye eziqinile neziwuketshezi kubalulekile. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezinjengokuhlunga noma ukucwiliswa kwe-sedimentation. Ekuhlungeni, i-slurry idluliswa ngemidiya yokuhlunga, njengezindwangu zokuhlunga noma izihlungi zokuhlunga. Izisila eziqinile zigcinwa esihlungini, kuyilapho isisombululo esicacile, esaziwa ngokuthi isixazululo esikhulelwe, esiqukethe igolide elincibilikisiwe, sidlula. I-Sedimentation ihilela ukuvumela izinhlayiya eziqinile ukuthi zihlale phansi ethangini ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi. Uketshezi olunamandla, ikhambi elikhulelwe, lingathululwa ngokucophelela.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwegolide Kusixazululo Esikhulelwe

1. Ukuna kweZinc (Inqubo yeMerrill - Crowe) : Enye indlela evamile yokuthola igolide esixazululweni esikhulelwe ukuna kwe-zinc. Uthuli lwezinc noma izingcezu ze-zinc zengezwa esixazululweni. Njengoba i-zinc isabela kakhulu kunegolide, isusa igolide ekwakhiweni kwegolide - i-cyanide. Igolide libe seliphuma njengeqinile, kanye nokungcola okuthile. Ngemva kokusabela, i-solid precipitate iyahlungwa futhi icutshungulwe kabanzi. Igolide eliphumayo - eliqukethe okuqinile liyancibilikiswa ukuze kutholakale igolide elihlanzekile.

2. Ukumuncwa Kwekhabhoni Okusebenzayo (i-Carbon - in - Pulp/CIP kanye ne-Carbon - in - Leach/CIL) : Enqubweni ye-CIP, i-Carbon esebenzayo ifakwa ku-slurry ngemva kwesigaba sokukhipha. I-carbon esebenzayo, enendawo yayo ephezulu, imunca i-compound ye-gold - cyanide esixazululweni. I-compound ye-carbon - gold ibe isihlukaniswa ne-slurry ngokuhlola. Enqubweni ye-CIL, i-activated carbon ifakwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha ngokwayo. I-carbon egcwele igolide isuswa kamuva ohlelweni. Igolide lingakhishwa ku-carbon kusetshenziswa isisombululo esinamandla se-cyanide noma ezinye izinto zokukhipha. Ngemva kokukhipha, igolide lingatholakala esixazululweni sokukhipha ngezindlela ezifana nokuthola i-electrowinning noma ukuchelela okwengeziwe.

Ukucabanga

Igolide elitholwe ngemva kwemvula noma i-adsorption ngokuvamile alihlanzekile, liqukethe ukungcola okufana nezinye izinsimbi nokungezona izinsimbi. Ukuthola igolide elimsulwa eliphezulu (imvamisa lingama-99.9% noma ngaphezulu), kusetshenziswa izinqubo zokucwenga. Enye indlela evamile yokucwenga i-electrolytic refining. Kule nqubo, igolide elingcolile lifakwa njenge-anode esitokisini se-electrolytic, futhi i-cathode yegolide ehlanzekile isetshenziswa. Kusetshenziswa i-electrolyte efanelekile, njengesixazululo segolide chloride. Lapho amandla kagesi edlula engqamuzaneni, igolide eliku-anode liyancibilika bese lifaka ku-cathode. Ukungcola kuhlala ku-electrolyte noma kwakha udaka phansi kweseli.

Ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha kanye nemvelo

1. Ubuthi be-Cyanide : I-Sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu. Ukuphefumula, ukugwinya, noma ukuthintana nesikhumba ne-cyanide kungaba yingozi. Yonke imisebenzi ehilela i-cyanide kumele yenziwe ezindaweni ezinomoya omuhle, futhi abasebenzi kumele bagqoke imishini yokuzivikela efanele, okuhlanganisa ama-respirator, amagilavu, kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela. Izinhlelo zokusabela eziphuthumayo kufanele zibe khona uma kwenzeka kuchitheka i-cyanide noma ukuchayeka kuyo.

2. Umthelela Wezemvelo : I-Cyanide ingaba yingozi emvelweni uma ingaphathwa kahle. Izinsalela zenqubo yokubuyisa igolide zingase zibe ne-cyanide esele. Lezi zinsalela kumele zigcinwe ezindaweni ezivikelekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhishwa kwe-cyanide emvelweni. Izindlela zokwelapha, njengokushiswa kwamakhemikhali noma ukuwohloka kwezinto eziphilayo, zingasetshenziswa ukuphula i-cyanide ezinsaleleni ngaphambi kokukhishwa noma ukulahlwa kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqapha okuqinile kwemithombo yamanzi eduze kwemisebenzi yokubuyisa igolide kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukungcoliswa kwe-cyanide okwenzekayo.

Isiphetho

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ukuthola igolide kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa ephumelelayo. Kubandakanya izinyathelo eziningi, kusukela ekulungiseni insimbi ukuya ekutholeni igolide nokucwengisiswa. Nakuba inikeza indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu yokukhipha igolide emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, ukuphepha okuhlobene nezingozi zemvelo kufanele kulawulwe ngokucophelela. Ngokulandela izinqubo ezifanele, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufanele, kanye nokuthobela imithethonqubo, imboni yokutholwa kwegolide ingaqhubeka nokusebenza ngendlela eqhubekayo nenesibopho.