Indlela yokusebenza ye-leaching agent sodium cyanide

1. Isingeniso

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) iyi- ejenti ebalulekile yokukhuculula izinsimbi eziyigugu, ikakhulukazi igolide nesiliva. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yezimayini kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi kusukela lapho isibe yingxenye ebalulekile yezinqubo ze-hydrometallurgical zokubuyisa lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu ematsheni azo. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela eningiliziwe yokusebenza kwe -Sodium cyanide enqubweni yokukhuculula izinsimbi , sikhanyise ukusabela kwayo kwamakhemikhali, indima yezici ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ekukhucululweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu.

2. Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali ze-Sodium Cyanide

I-Sodium cyanide iyisithako esimhlophe, esicwebezelayo esincibilika kalula emanzini. Esixazululweni samanzi, ihlukana ibe ama-ion e-sodium (Na+) nama -ion e-Cyanide (CN-). I-ion ye-cyanide iyisici esiyinhloko esibangela ukuvuza izinsimbi eziyigugu. Njenge-ligand eqinile, inobuhlobo obuphezulu nama-ion athile ensimbi, ikakhulukazi igolide nesiliva. Lesi sici siyivumela ukuthi sakhe ama-complex azinzile nalezi zinsimbi, okuyisisekelo sendima yayo njenge-agent yokuvuza.

3. Inqubo Yokucwiliswa Kwegolide Nesiliva Nge-Sodium Cyanide

3.1 Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali

Uma kuphuma igolide kusetshenziswa i-Sodium Cyanide , ukusabela kwenzeka lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo endaweni enamanzi. Ama-ion e-Cyanide akha i-complex encibilikayo negolide, lapho umoya-mpilo usebenza njenge-oxidizing agent ukuze kube lula inqubo. Ukusabela okufanayo kwenzeka lapho kukhishwa isiliva, lapho ama-athomu esiliva esabela khona ne -sodium cyanide kanye nomoya-mpilo ukuze kwakheke i-complex yesiliva-cyanide encibilikayo.

3.2 Izinyathelo Zokusabela Ezingeni Lemolekyuli

Ukusabalala : I-sodium cyanide iyahlukana emanzini ukuze ikhiphe ama-ion e-cyanide. Lawa ma-ion e-cyanide, kanye nama-molecule e-oxygen ancibilikisiwe, adlula esixazululweni ukuze afinyelele ebusweni bezinhlayiya zegolide noma zesiliva ngaphakathi kwe-ore. Ijubane lalokhu kusabalala lingathonywa yizici ezifana nokushisa, ukushukuma, kanye ne-viscosity yesisombululo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokushukuma okunamandla kakhulu ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa izinga lokusabalala ngokwandisa amandla e-kinetic yama-molecule kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuxubana kwesisombululo.

Ukumuncwa : Uma sekusebusweni bensimbi, ama-ion e-cyanide nama-molecule e-oxygen anamathela ebusweni bezinhlayiya zegolide noma zesiliva. Ukumuncwa kwama-ion e-cyanide kukhetha kakhulu ngenxa yokusondelana kwawo okuqinile nensimbi. Ukumuncwa kwe-oxygen kubaluleke ngokulinganayo njengoba kunikeza amandla okukhipha i-oxidizing adingekayo ukuze kutholakale impendulo elandelayo.

Ukusabela Kwamakhemikhali : Emngceleni ophakathi kwensimbi nesixazululo, kuvela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ama-athomu egolide noma esiliva ebusweni ayaqiniswa, aphenduke ama-ion ensimbi. Lawa ma-ion ensimbi abe esephendula nama-ion e-cyanide afakwe emanzini ukuze adale ama-complex e-metal-cyanide ancibilikayo. Ukuqina kwensimbi kukhipha ama-electron, adliwa ngesikhathi sokunciphisa umoya-mpilo esixazululweni.

Ukumuncwa Nokusabalala : Ama-complex e-metal-cyanide akhiwe ayahlukana ebusweni bensimbi bese ehlakazeka aye emzimbeni oyinhloko wesisombululo. Lokhu kuvula indlela yokuthi ama-ion amasha e-cyanide nama-molecule e-oxygen angene ebusweni bensimbi, okwenza inqubo yokumuncwa iqhubeke.

4. Izinto Ezithinta Ukusebenza Ngempumelelo Kwe-Sodium Cyanide

4.1 Ukugxila kweSodium Cyanide

Inani le-sodium cyanide esixazululweni se-leaching lithonya kakhulu izinga lokuvuza. Ekuqaleni, njengoba ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide kukhula, izinga legolide nesiliva likhuphuka ngalo, njengoba ama-ion e-cyanide engeziwe etholakala ukuze asabele ngezinsimbi. Kodwa ngalé kwephuzu elithile, izinga le-leaching lingase liyeke ukwanda noma linciphe. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi lapho kugxilwe kakhulu, ama-ion e-cyanide aphendulana namanzi enze i-hydrogen cyanide, into eguquguqukayo ephuma exazululweni, enciphisa ukuhlangana okusebenzayo kwama-ion e-cyanide ukuze kukhishwe.

4.2 Ukugxiliswa Komoya-mpilo

Umoya-mpilo ubalulekile enqubweni ye-sodium cyanide leaching. Kudingeka ukwenza i-oxidize igolide nesiliva, isinyathelo esidingekayo ngaphambi kokuthi bakhe ama-complexes ane-cyanide ions. Amazinga aphezulu omoya-mpilo oncibilikile esixazululweni ngokuvamile aholela emazingeni okukhipha amanzi ngokushesha. Njengoba umoya-mpilo unokuncibilika okulinganiselwe emanzini, izinqubo zokuvuza ezimbonini zivame ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokufaka umoya noma umoya onothile komoya-mpilo ukuze kukhuliswe ukugcwala komoyampilo.

4.3 pH Yesixazululo

I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ibalulekile ekugcineni ukusimama kwama-ion e-cyanide kanye nenqubo yonke yokucwilisa. Ama-cyanide ions ahlala ezinzile kuzixazululo ze-alkaline. Ezimweni ezine-acidic, asabelana nama-ion e-hydrogen enze igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu futhi uqinisekise ukuzinza kwama-ion e-cyanide, i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ivamise ukugcinwa phakathi kuka-10 no-11. Umcako uvame ukungezwa esixazululweni ukuze kulungiswe futhi kugcinwe i-pH ezingeni elifanele.

Ukushisa okungu-4.4

Izinga lokushisa lithinta inqubo ye-leaching ngezindlela eziningi. Ngokuvamile, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kusheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa nokusabalaliswa kwama-reactants, ukufakwa kwama-ion e-cyanide nomoya-mpilo endaweni yensimbi, kanye nokusabela kwe-electrochemical. Nokho, kunezihibe. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ama-ion e-cyanide kungenzeka ukuthi athole i-hydrolysis, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwe-cyanide njengegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga okushisa aphezulu angakhuphula ukuncibilika kokungcola kwensimbi, okungase kuphazamise inqubo yokucwilisa noma kubangele ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-ion e-cyanide. Empeleni, izinga lokushisa le-leaching livamise ukuba phakathi kuka-20 - 30 °C, nakuba amazinga okushisa aphezulu angasetshenziswa uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifanele zokulawula i-cyanide hydrolysis.

4.5 Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana Zensimbi

Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ze-ore buthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwe-leaching. Ama-ores acwebile anikeza indawo engaphezulu yendawo yokusabela phakathi kwezinhlayiya zensimbi nesisombululo se-leaching. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukusakazeka ngokushesha kwama-ion e-cyanide nomoya-mpilo endaweni yensimbi kanye nokwakheka okusheshayo kwezakhiwo zensimbi-cyanide, okuholela ezingeni eliphakeme lokuleaching. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-ore anama-coarser-grained angase adinge izikhathi ezinde zokuvuza noma ukucutshungulwa okujulile ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifanayo lokutholwa kwensimbi.

5. Ukubaluleka Kokuqonda IMechanism

Ukubamba ukuthi i-sodium cyanide isebenza kanjani ohlelweni lokucwiliswa kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu embonini yezimayini. Ivumela onjiniyela nama-metallurgists ukuthi balungise kahle amapharamitha wenqubo yokukhipha amanzi, njengokugxilwa kwe-reagent, i-pH, izinga lokushisa, nosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukuze kukhuliswe amanani okubuyisela insimbi. Ngokulungiselela lezi zici, imboni ingakhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent, futhi inciphise umthelela wemvelo wokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide. Ukwengeza, lolu lwazi lungaqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha nobusebenza ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, kungaba ngokwenza ngcono izinqubo ezikhona ezisekelwe ku-cyanide noma ngokuhlola amanye ama-ejenti okukhipha amanzi.

6. Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhishweni kwezinsimbi eziyigugu ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokuleaching. Ngokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo, kanye nezici ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni kwayo, imboni yezimayini ingaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo, yenze ukumbiwa kwegolide nesiliva kusimeme futhi kuphumelele. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo lungase lugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide ezisekelwe ku-cyanide noma ukuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela ezintsha ezinganciphisa izingozi zemvelo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide.