Nazarin Cyanide Leaching na Carbonaceous Carlin-Nau'in Zinare Ore

Gabatarwa

Ma'adanai na zinariya irin Carbinous suna da alaƙa da yaɗuwarsu da kuma yawan ajiyarsu. Duk da haka, suna haifar da ƙalubale masu yawa a tsarin haƙar zinare. Waɗannan ma'adanai galibi suna ɗauke da Carbon a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin su, kuma ƙwayoyin zinare suna nan a cikin tsari mai kyau. Kasancewar arsenic da carbon yana haifar da manyan matsaloli guda biyu: rufewar zinare da tasirin fashin zinare na carbon, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin yawan cyanidation kai tsaye. Sakamakon haka, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ma'adanai masu juriya biyu ko ma'adanai masu taurin kai, waɗanda ke wakiltar wani abu da aka sani a duniya a fannin haƙar zinare.

Matsalar Leaching Cyanide a cikin Carbonaceous Carlin-Nau'in Zinare Ores

Rufin zinari

Ma'adanai irin sulfide da ke cikin ma'adanai na zinariya irin na Carlin suna lulluɓe ƙwayoyin zinare. Wannan shingen zahiri yana hana hulɗa kai tsaye tsakanin maganin cyanide da zinare, wanda hakan ke rage ingancin aikin cirewar. Misali, a cikin ma'adanai da yawa da ke da irin waɗannan ma'adanai, babban adadin zinare yana nan a cikin ma'aunin sulfide, wanda ba za a iya isa ga wakilin cirewar Cyanide ba.

Tasirin Zinare na Carbon

Kayan Carbon a cikin waɗannan ma'adanai suna da ƙarfi sosai ga hadaddun cyanide na zinariya. A lokacin aikin cire cyanide, yayin da zinare ke narkewa kuma ya samar da hadaddun cyanide, abubuwan carbon na iya ɗaukar waɗannan hadaddun, suna "kwace" zinare daga maganin. Wannan ba wai kawai yana haifar da ƙarancin saurin dawo da zinare ba, har ma yana haifar da asara mai yawa a cikin tsarin cirewa. Bincike ya nuna cewa nau'ikan carbon daban-daban a cikin ma'adinan, kamar su elemental carbon, organic carbon, da inorganic carbon, duk suna ba da gudummawa ga matakai daban-daban ga wannan tasirin fashin zinare. Musamman elemental carbon, yana da halayen shaye-shaye iri ɗaya da na Activated Carbon , wanda zai iya shanye hadaddun cyanide na zinariya sosai.

Bincike akan Gwajin Leaching na Cyanide

Kai tsaye Cyanide Leaching

Yawancin bincike sun nuna cewa leaching cyanide kai tsaye na nau'in nau'in zinari na Carlin na carbonaceous yana haifar da ƙarancin dawo da zinare. A wasu lokuta, ko da lokacin amfani da ci-gaba hanyoyin leaching cyanide irin su carbon-in-pulp (CIP) ko resin-in-pulp (RIP), ƙimar dawowa ya kasance ƙasa da takaici. Misali, a cikin wani gwaji, adadin dawo da gwal na leaching cyanide kai tsaye ya kasance 12.9% kawai, yana nuna rashin tasirin wannan hanyar ga irin wannan ma'adinai.

Hanyoyin Magani don Inganta Leaching Cyanide

Gasawa

Gasasu hanya ce ta gargajiya ta riga-kafi. Ta hanyar dumama tama, ana fitar da kayan carbonaceous kamar CO da CO₂, kuma pyrite yana bazuwa zuwa baƙin ƙarfe. Wannan tsari yana fallasa gwal ɗin da aka lulluɓe a baya, yana mai da shi mafi sauƙi ga leaching cyanide. Koyaya, gasasshen na buƙatar abinci mai kyau na raƙuma raga goma, aƙalla sa'o'i huɗu na lokacin riƙewa, da daidaitaccen sarrafa zafin jiki da yanayi a cikin tanderun. Yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da 500°C ko ɗan rage yanayi na iya haifar da gasasshen gasasshen da bai cika ba, wanda zai haifar da raguwar haƙar gwal. Bugu da ƙari, a 550 ° C da sama, pyrite yana canzawa zuwa wani nau'i mai banƙyama na hematite wanda ba za a iya zubar da zinari da kyau tare da cyanide ba. Bugu da ƙari, gasasshen yana buƙatar bushewar abinci mai tsada a cikin tanderun da tsauraran matakan sarrafa hayaki a kan iskar tanderun. Ko da yake yana iya samun hakar zinari na 85 - 87% daga ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da giram goma sha uku na zinari a kowace ton, saboda yawan kuɗin da ake buƙata na babban jari da kuma yanayin aiki mai rikitarwa, an yi watsi da gasa a matsayin madadin da ya dace da yawancin ma'adinan gwal na Carlin irin na Carlin.

Chemical Oxidation

Sinadari mai iskar shaka ya nuna babban yuwuwa a cikin kula da irin nau'in zinari na Carlin na carbonaceous. Abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar oxygen a cikin ɓangarorin ruwa na iya shawo kan mummunan tasirin abubuwan carbonaceous. Misali, an yi nazari sosai kan amfani da sinadarin chlorine a matsayin maganin rigakafi. Duk da haka, adadin chlorine da ake buƙata ya bambanta dangane da yanayin ma'adinai. Nau'o'in ƙira mai sauƙi na iya buƙatar kilogiram goma zuwa ashirin na chlorine kowace tonne a cikin pretreatment pretreatment don cimma 83% ko fiye da hakar zinare a cikin cyanidation na gaba. Ma'adinan da ke da ƙarfi sosai, a gefe guda, na iya buƙatar fiye da kilogiram 100 na chlorine a kowace tonne a cikin aikin riga-kafi. An kuma bincika wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar oxygen, irin su hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, da potassium permanganate. Sodium hypochlorite, alal misali, ba wai kawai zai iya oxidize ma'adinan sulfide don fallasa zinaren da aka rufe ba amma har ma da wuce gona da iri na carbonaceous, yana rage tasirin satar zinare. Bincike ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta, yin amfani da sodium hypochlorite a matsayin wakili na pretreatment na iya inganta ƙimar dawo da gwal a cikin leaching na cyanide na gaba.

Bacterial Oxidation

Bacterial oxidation hanya ce mai tasowa kuma wacce ta dace da muhalli. Ana iya amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin acidophilic gauraye don oxidize ma'adanai sulfide a cikin ma'adinai. Wannan tsari yadda ya kamata yana magance matsalar rufewar zinare ta hanyar sulfide. A lokacin iskar oxygen na kwayan cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta suna metabolize ma'adinan sulfide, suna rushe su kuma suna sakin gwal ɗin da aka rufe. A lokaci guda, yin amfani da carbon da aka kunna a cikin tsarin leaching na cyanide na gaba zai iya yin amfani da damar tallan tallan sa don magance tasirin zinare-fashi na abubuwan carbonaceous. Misali, a wani binciken da aka yi kan ajiyar zinari irin na Carlin a birnin Yunnan, ta hanyar hada sinadarin oxidation na kwayoyin cuta da sinadarin carbon-in-pulp cyanidation, adadin dawo da gwal ya kai kashi 82.39%, yayin da sinadarin cyanide reagent ya ragu da kashi 49.68%. Wannan ya nuna cewa kwayoyin iskar shaka - carbon cyanide leaching tsari hanya ce mai tasiri don magance nau'in zinare irin na Carlin na carbonaceous.

Kammalawa

Carbonaceous nau'in zinari na Carlin suna gabatar da ƙalubale masu mahimmanci a cikin tsarin leaching na cyanide saboda lulluɓen zinare da tasirin satar zinare na carbon. Yayin da leaching cyanide kai tsaye gabaɗaya baya tasiri, hanyoyi daban-daban na pretreatment kamar gasassun, sinadarai da iskar shaka, da iskar shaka na kwayan cuta suna ba da mafita. Kowace hanya tana da fa'idodi da iyakancewa dangane da dawo da zinare, farashi, da tasirin muhalli. Daga cikin su, kwayoyin iskar shaka - carbon cyanide leaching da wasu hanyoyin hadawan abu da iskar shaka suna nuna babban alƙawari don magance waɗannan ma'auni mai mahimmanci. Koyaya, har yanzu ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don haɓaka waɗannan hanyoyin, rage farashi, da haɓaka abokantaka na muhalli, don yin hakar zinare daga nau'ikan zinare irin na Carlin mai inganci da dorewa.