Cov Ntawv Thov Kev Lag Luam ntawm Sodium Cyanide: Ntau Lub Luag Haujlwm los ntawm Mining mus rau Tshuaj Synthesis

Sodium cyanide, tshuaj lom neeg ua suab nrov, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab muaj ntau yam hauv kev lag luam. Nws yog dav tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau industries, los ntawm Mining rau Tshuaj Synthesis, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no.

Kub Extraction hauv Mining

Hauv kev lag luam mining, feem ntau zoo-paub siv ntawm Sodium Cyanide yog rau Kub Extraction. Kub feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm zoo heev hais dispersed nyob rau hauv ores thiab yog ib qho nyuaj rau cais ncaj qha. Sodium cyanide tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob chemically nrog kub los ua dej - soluble kub - cyanide complexes. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no: tom qab kub - muaj cov ore ua ntej kev kho mob xws li crushing thiab sib tsoo, nws yog tov nrog ib tug tov uas muaj sodium cyanide, thiab cua yog qhia. Nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob, lub cyanide ion (CN⁻) nyob rau hauv sodium cyanide reacts nrog kub raws li nram no: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O = 4Na[Au(CN)₂] +4NaOH. Lub generated kub - cyanide complex yuav raug txo los ntawm kev daws los ntawm ib tug series ntawm cov txheej txheem tom ntej, xws li hloov chaw nrog zinc hmoov, kom ua tiav qhov sib cais ntawm kub los ntawm lwm yam impurities. Txoj kev no tau txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev rho tawm kub, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau kev lag luam mine qis-qib kub ores uas yog thawj zaug nyuaj rau kev siv, tso lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam kub thoob ntiaj teb. Hauv qee qhov loj kub mines, ntau npaum li cas ntawm sodium cyanide yuav siv tau txhua hnub los ua ntau txhiab tons ntawm ore, tsis tu ncua ua cov kub tseem ceeb.

Raw Khoom rau Chemical Synthesis

Hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov organic tshuaj synthesis, sodium cyanide yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom. Nws yog feem ntau siv los qhia txog cyano (-CN) kev ua haujlwm pab pawg, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv Organic Synthesis thiab tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv ntau lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom ntej, xws li pawg carboxyl (-COOH) thiab cov amino (-NH₂) pawg. Piv txwv li, thaum lub halogenated hydrocarbon reacts nrog sodium cyanide nyob rau hauv ib tug nucleophilic hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub halogen atom yog hloov los ntawm cyano pawg los tsim ib tug nitrile compound. Noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ethyl bromide thiab sodium cyanide ua piv txwv: C₂H₅Br + NaCN → C₂H₅CN + NaBr. Lub generated propionitrile tuaj yeem ntxiv hydrolyzed kom tau propionic acid lossis txo kom tau propylamine. Txoj kev no ntawm kev qhia ib pab pawg neeg cyano los ntawm sodium cyanide thiab tom qab ntawd hloov cov pab pawg ua haujlwm muab txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev sib txawv ntawm cov organic tebchaw thiab siv dav hauv kev lag luam xws li tshuaj synthesis thiab dye synthesis. Txoj kev sib txuas ntawm ntau yam tshuaj muaj xws li sodium cyanide, thiab nws zoo li qhov tseem ceeb "lub tsev thaiv" rau kev tsim cov qauv ntawm cov organic molecules.

Fine Chemical Industry

Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj zoo, sodium cyanide kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab cov khoom siv roj hmab, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj sodium cyanide tuaj yeem muab cov khoom lag luam nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov synthesis ntawm polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, feem ntau hu ua plexiglass), intermediate synthesized nrog kev koom tes ntawm sodium cyanide yog siv. Los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, cyano - uas muaj cov khoom sib xyaw yog hloov mus rau hauv monomer nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd polymerized kom tau txais cov khoom siv PMMA nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo. Cov khoom siv no yog siv dav hauv qhov chaw kho qhov muag, kho kom zoo nkauj vaj tsev, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv kev tsim cov vulcanization accelerators rau siab-kev ua tau zoo rubbers, sodium cyanide kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb cov txheej txheem vulcanization ntawm cov roj hmab thiab txhim kho lub zog, hnav tsis kam thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab, ua kom cov khoom siv roj hmab kom zoo dua cov kev xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev siv zog siab xws li tsheb log tsheb thiab cov khoom siv conveyor.

Cov ntawv thov hauv Kev Lag Luam Electroplating

cov Kev lag luam electroplating yog lwm daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm sodium cyanide. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem electroplating, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lwm cov hlau rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau los txhim kho corrosion kuj, zoo nkauj thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm cov hlau. Sodium cyanide muaj ntau yam haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj electroplating. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes ruaj khov nrog cov hlau ions hauv cov tshuaj plating, tswj tus nqi ntawm cov hlau ions ntawm lub cathode nto, kom cov txheej txheej zoo sib xws thiab zoo. Piv txwv li, hauv cov txheej txheem tooj liab plating, sodium cyanide tsim cov ions nyuaj xws li [Cu(CN)₂]⁻ nrog tooj liab ions. Thaum cov ions nyuaj tawm ntawm lub cathode, tooj liab atoms tuaj yeem muab sib npaug rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau plated, tau txais cov xim tooj liab du thiab ntom. Ntawm qhov tod tes, sodium cyanide kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov tshuaj plating thiab qhov muaj peev xwm tawg ntawm cov tshuaj plating, ua rau cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo li qub kom tau txais cov txheej txheem zoo. Txawm hais tias vim yog cov tshuaj lom ntawm sodium cyanide, cyanide - cov txheej txheem electroplating dawb tau tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no, hauv qee qhov kev xav tau siab heev rau txheej txheej zoo, xws li electroplating ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hauv aerospace, cyanide - muaj cov txheej txheem electroplating tseem nyob hauv qee qhov kev lag luam vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb zoo, thiab sodium cyanide tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Lwm Cov Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob

Ntxiv rau cov saum toj no - hais txog cov teb tseem ceeb, sodium cyanide kuj tseem siv rau lwm cov txheej txheem kev lag luam. Hauv Hlau Thaum tshav kub kub kho kev lag luam, sodium cyanide tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob ntawm cov hlau. Los ntawm cua sov cov hlau nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj sodium cyanide thiab lwm yam xov xwm, nitrogen thiab carbon yog ib txhij infiltrated rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau los tsim ib tug cyanide txheej nrog siab hardness, siab hnav tsis kam thiab zoo anti- qaug dab peg zog, txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm steel nto. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm machinery manufacturing thiab automotive qhov chaw. Hauv qee cov txheej txheem metallurgical tshwj xeeb, sodium cyanide kuj tuaj yeem siv los cais thiab ntxuav cov hlau tsis tshua muaj. Los ntawm kev tsim cov complexes nrog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj, kev sib cais ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj los ntawm lwm cov impurities tau tiav, muab kev ua tau zoo rau kev siv tsis tshua muaj hlau.

Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav tsum paub meej tias sodium cyanide yog tshuaj lom heev thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, khaws cia, kev thauj mus los thiab kev siv, cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau ua raws li nruj me ntsis, thiab cov kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov txheej txheem kho cov khib nyiab yuav tsum tau txais los xyuas kom meej tias nws cov kev phom sij raug tswj tau zoo. Txawm hais tias sodium cyanide ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam, nrog rau kev kawm txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, tib neeg tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav kev nyab xeeb dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib puag ncig los txo kev cia siab ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg no. Tab sis nyob rau theem tam sim no, vim nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb, sodium cyanide tseem ruaj khov nyob hauv ntau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam hauv ntau thaj chaw, los ntawm mining mus rau tshuaj synthesis, txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev lag luam niaj hnub.